One of today’s largest ecological problems is biological pollution, or the spread of invasive plant and animal species. We lose 4600 acres daily to new weed infestations. The ecological and economic costs to the nation are staggering (Westbrooks 1996). In response, the Federal Interagency Committee on the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds (FICMNEW) helped draft Executive Order 13112. All 16 agencies involved were responsible for the field guidance that followed (NISC 2001). In accordance with the EO 13112 goals of prevention, control, restoration, and education, FHWA sent guidance to all state Departments of Transportation asking that analysis of invasive species be incorporated within the NEPA process. The 1999 guidance was aimed at preventing the spread of weeds on highway projects and through maintenance practices (Harper-Lore 2000). State case studies will demonstrate how this Executive Order was incorporated into national policy and translated to highway construction and maintenance projects
