La Révolte de Bû Ziyân en Algérie, 1849

Abstract

Cette étude prend la révolte de Bû (Abû) Ziyân en Algérie (1849) comme « site » socioculturel pour suivre et mieux comprendre la mobilisation rurale et populaire sous l'idéologie du mahdi pendant la conquête coloniale. Vue d'une perspective micro-historique, le mouvement de Bû Ziyân, tout en permettant d'aborder la culture politico-religieuse de l'Afrique du Nord au XIXe siècle, soulève bon nombre de questions. Dans quelle mesure s'imbriquent les paradigmes du saint ou wâlî, du marabout ou le « capteur du divin », avec celui du mahdi ?This study takes the 1849 revolt led by Bû Ziyân, a Mahdist « pretender », as a socio-cultural site for exploring rural popular mobilization under the ideological banner of the Muslim redeemer during the French conquest in Algeria. Utilizing a micro-historical methodology to examine the movement of protest on the Sahara's rim, the article raises the following questions : How were the socially understood and constructed paradigms of « saint/wali/murabit »implicated in the « model »or notion of the Muslim savior ? To what degree did local Sufi shaykhs or leaders act to promote or to dampen the revolutionnary potential of the mahdi ? What can this short-lived, if spectacular rebellion, tell us about the collective attitudes of ordinary people toward the mahdi ? And finally, what does this revolt in a small oasis reveal about collective memory - about the intersections between oral culture/traditions, rumors and written texts concerning the advent of the mahdi ? By way of conclusion, the author argues that the bloody repression of Bû Ziyân's revolt by the French army convinced religious notables, including Sufi elites, to search for accomodation with the colonial regime as early as 1850

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