White mice, previously medicated over a three week period with reserpine, thyroxine, ascorbic acid and streptomycin were given 0.3 Microcurie or radioactive phosphorus³² by intramuscular injection. After 24 hours the mice were sacrificed, ten organs removed, and the amount of radioactivity retained was recorded in counts per minute per gram. Results showed males retained more of the isotope than females in all organs except gonads and brain. Liver, intestine, and kidney retained more of the isotope than other organs with each medication. With the reserpine medicated animals there was less radioactivity retained by ten organs. The control group had the next most, followed by ascorbic acid, and streptomycin-medicated animals. Greatest retention of the isotope was in the thryoxin-medicated groups

Hawes-Davis, Denzil J.

Livesey, Steve

McClugage, Sam

Shell, Lester C.

Name not available

Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White Mice

University of Northern Iowa

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 72 Annual Issue Article 71 1965 Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White Mice Lester C. Shell Millikin University Denzil J. Hawes-Davis Kirksville College of Osteopathy and Surgery Sam McClugage Millikin University Steve Livesey Millikin University Let us know how access to this document benefits you Copyright ©1965 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Shell, Lester C.; Hawes-Davis, Denzil J.; McClugage, Sam; and Livesey, Steve (1965) "Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White Mice," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 72(1), 502-506. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol72/iss1/71 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact scholarworks@uni.edu. Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White Mice1 -· LESTER c. SHELL2, DENZIL J. HAWES-DAVIS3 SAM i\foCLUGAGE4 , AND STEVE LIVESEY4 • Abstract. White mice, previously medicated over a three week period with reserpine, thyroxine, ascorbic acid and streptomycin were given 0.3 Microcurie or radioactive phos-phorus•• by intramuscular injection. After 24 hours the mice were sacrificed, ten organs removed, and the amount of radioactivity retained was recorded in counts per minute per gram. Results showed males retained more of the isotope than females in all organs except gonads and brain. Liver, in-testine, and kidney retained more of the isotope than other organs with each medication. With the reserpine medicated animals there was less radioactivity retained by ten organs. The control group had the next most, followed by ascorbic acid, and streptomycin-medicated animals. Greatest retention of the isotope was in the thryoxin-medicated groups. In a series of papers (Shell et al., 1961, 1964), the authors have published the results of thyroxine and reserpine medica-tion on various physiological activities of white mice. This study was concerned with retention of injected radioactive iso-tope of phosphorus 32 by ten specific body organs. The effects of accelerated metabolism produced by thyroxine medication and decelerated metabolism produced by the tranquilizer reser-pine on retention of this isotope were noted. This study was also concerned with radiation protection by use of medicinals such as streptomycin, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), and cysteine as recorded by Vogel and Jordan ( 1960, 1962) and by Storer et al. ( 1957). MATERIALS AND METHODS White mice at age eight weeks were given 0.25 mg of reserpine daily for a three-week period, then injected with 0.3 uc of radioactive phosphorus 32 by intramuscular injection in the right hind leg. After 24 hours the mice were sacrificed, and ten organs were removed and homogenized in Ringers solution and sea sand in an ice bath. The homogenate was placed on planchets, dried, weighed, and the amounts of radioactivity re-tained after 24 hours were recorded in counts per minute per 1 Research supported hy a grant from Lilly Research Laboratories. •Professor and Chairman, Department of Biology, Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois. 3 Research Associate, College of Osteopathy and Surgery, Kirksville, Missouri. • Department of Biology, Millikin University. 502 1Shell et al.: Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White MicePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 19651965] RADIOISOTOPE DISTRIBUTION 503 gram. Counting was done with a scaler rate of the RCL type for five minute periods. This gave results for the entire organ. Fifteen animals were used in each determination and average of results were taken. Homogenates were centrifuged and separate determinations were made on filtrate or supernatant and upon residue for com-parisons with the entire organ and to study distribution in the two portions. Determinations were made on brain, liver, kidney, gonad, lung, spleen, intestine, stomach, heart and left hind leg muscle. Sex and age differences were noted. Mice given 0.03 grains thyroxine per day for a three-week period before injection with isotope were used. The amount of isotope and detem1inations were the same as described above for reserpine. Mice treated with ascorbic acid were give:Q~ a dosage of 1.2 mg per day over the three-week medication period and determinations as described previously were run. A dosage of 0.01 mg streptomycin per day over the three-week period was all that could be tolerated by the animal before injection with the isotope. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION •. Initial results indicated that the male retained more of the isotope than the female in all organs except the gonads in the •coNTROLI ~ RESERPINE TREAT Eljl MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE BRAIN + + STOMACH + + INTESTINE + + LIVER_ + + LUNG ___ + + KIDNEY + + MUSCLE + + SPLEEN + + HEART + + GONAD + + Table 1. Retenti~ of radioactive isotope phorpho':!-ls in white m~e by ten organs. Comparison o£ males nd females, control and reserpine treated animals. 2Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 72 [1965], No. 1, Art. 71https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol72/iss1/71504 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE [Vol. 72 control group. In the reserpine~treated animals the male retained more of the isotope than the female in every organ except the brain. A reversal in amount of isotope retained by the gonads was noted with the reserpine-treated animals from the control group. These data are recorded in Table 1. With control groups subjected to the isotope the gonads, liver and intestine retained the greatest amount of the isotope. With thyroxine, the liver, kidney and intestine had greatest retention in that order. With reserpine and asorbic acid the order of retention by organs was intestine, liver, kidney; and liver, intestine, kidney, respectively. The intestine retained more of the isotope in the reserpinectreated animals than in the ascorbic acid group but kidney and liver retained less than with the acid. With strep-tomycin the order of retention by organs was intestine, liver, kidney. (See Table 2.) RETENTION OF RADIOISOTOPES 24 HOURS AFTER INJECTION in counts er minute ~ CONTROL THYROXINE RESERPINE JllL.,J;;.. STREPTOMYCIN HEART 164 95 90 94 132 SPLEEN 174 110 92 95 126 BRAIN 169 67 64 156 110 STOMACH 170 150 124 166 171 INTESTINE 204 928 728 694 630 KIDNEY 177 1065 225 294 293 GONADS 310 100 89 91 130 ST. MUSCLE 174 163 87 124 220 LUNGS 144 79 92 197 160 LIVER 213 1074 568 714 412 Table 2. Retention of radioisotope in ten medicated. organs in white mice control and When the total amount of isotope retention for all ten organs was considered, the thyroid medication gave greatest retention and reserpine medication the least. The reserpine-medicated animals retained less of the isotope than did the controls. Results for ascorbic acid .and for steptomycin were almost the same. Comparing retention for ten organs in counts per minute per gEam for 15 animals obtained were: Control 1899 Vitamine C 2325 Thyroxine 3761 Streptomycin 2384 Reserpine 1502 3Shell et al.: Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White MicePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 19651965] RADIOISOTOPE DISTRIBUTION 505 In comparing filtrate or supernatant with residue in the centrifuged homogenates, we found in most instances the great-est retention of radiation in the residue rather than in the supernatant. This was true without variation in liver, kidney, and intestine and generally true with brain, spleen, and lung. In no instance did we find greater retention in muscle residue, but the supernatant had many times more retained radiation than the residue. Results are in Table 3. RETENTION OF RADIOISOTOPES 24 HOURS AFTER INJECTION In counts per minute, Filtrate and Residue THYROXIN RESERPINE ...YIT..£.... STREPTOMYCIN Filt. Resid, Filt. Reaid. Filt, Resid. Filt. Resid. HEART ____ 1 44 54 45 45 49 45 66 68 SPLEEN ___ -! 60 50 42 50 45 46 55 71 BRAIN ___ --1 27 40 31 33 99 57 58 52 STOMACH 60 90 41 83 71 95 72 99 INTESTINE 85 843 152 630 75 619 197 427 KIDNEY----! 81 984 58 167 64 230 134 136 GONADS ___ _, 47 53 35 54 39 52 62 70 LEG MUSCLE__ 98 65 50 37 60 64 96 132 LUNGS. ___ --i 36 43 41 51 98 99 52 69 LIVER ____ L2_3_4 __ 8_4_JO 69 499 204 511 97 314 Table 3. Retention of radioisotopes in white mice by ten organs, comparing filtrate and residue from homegeoate. Although considerable difficulty was encountered in injecting mice with streptomycin, we found, as expeoted, the greatest amount of radiation retention in the liver, with intestine and kidney following in that order. This differed from earlier results only in that the liver and intestine changed rank. Time could account for this. The results obtained with streptomycin were encouraging because of the work of Vogel and Jordan ( 1960, 1962) Argonne National Laboratories, using the same medication as a protective agents against direct radiation, and the work of Storer et al ( 1957) and Thomson ( 1962) concering radiation protection in mammals. Further experimentation is needed using other isotopes and combinations of medication. Further work to determine any significant differences as to age of animals and varying dosages of the isotope would be helpful. 4Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 72 [1965], No. 1, Art. 71https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol72/iss1/71506 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE [Vol 72 Literature Cited 1. Shell, Lester C., D. J. Hawes-Davis, S. McClugage. 1961. Some Effects of Thyroxine-Reserpine Treatment on Growth of Mice, Iowa Acad. Sci. 68: 635-639. 2. Shell, Lester C., D. J. Hawes-Davis, et al. 1964. Some Physiological Studies on Reserpine Treated White Mice. Am. Zool. 4 ( 3). 3. Storer, J. B., P. S. Harris, J. E. Furchner, and W. H. Langham. 1957. The relative biological effectiveness of various ionizing agents in radiation in mammalian systems. Rad. Res. 6 ( 2) : 188-288. 4. Thomson, J. F., 1962. Radiation Protection in Mammals. Reinhold Publishing Corp. 5. Vogel, H. H., and D. L. Jordan. 1960. The combined action of bone marrow and streptomycin in protecting neutron-irradiated white mice from acute mortality. Radiology 77: 600-612. 6. Vogel, H. H. Jr., and D. L. Jordan. 1962. Fertility of female mice irradiated with fission neutrons. Radiology 79: 120-125. Effects of Estradiol Hormone on the Maturation of the Gonads and Associated Duct System of the Fish Lebistes reticulatus1 MICHAEL THOMAS STORY2 Abstract. It was the purpose of this study to describe the secondary sex characters and the histological appearance of the gonads, including the associated duct system, of the fish Lebistes reticulatus from birth through differentiation and maturation when subjected to the hormone estradiol. Sixty-four Lebistes reticulatus were fed 0.125 mg of estradiol, beginning at birth, at intervals of 60 hours. An equal number of fish were used as the control. Fish were sacrificed at ten-day intervals following birth, for a period of 80 days, and examined for the presence of secondary sex characters. Serial cross sections of the gonads were prepared from 32 experimental fish and 16 control fish. Estradiol hormone, when fed to male Lebistes reticulatus suppressed the ap-pearance of male secondary sex characters, but did not stim-ulate the appearance of female sex characters. Estradiol had no .apparent effect on the secondary sex characters or gonads of females. The effects produced by estradiol feeding on the testes were: a stunted testicular size, a sup-pression of spermatogenesis, an accumulation of connec-tive tissue stroma within the medulla of the organ, a sup-pression of secretory activity of cells lining the sperm ducts~ -----1 Revised thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts, Deparbnent of Biology, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. • Deparbnent of Biology, Park College, Parkville, Missouri. 5Shell et al.: Radioisotope Distribution in Visceral Organs of White MicePublished by UNI ScholarWorks, 1965

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