Rumination is repetitive thinking about past events and emotions. It is believed to contribute to depression and its prolongation. By using Matsumoto's (2008) two classes of rumination, this study aimed to identify the social support and resilience factors that affect the way that individuals ruminate about past negative experiences. A questionnaire survey was administered to 143 university students (average age: 20.7 years, SD = 1.41), and then, a model was developed on the basis of the survey results. The results reveal that social support after a negative experience influences reflections thereof through acquired resilience. Further, interviews were conducted with eight university students (average age: 20.8 years, SD = 1.20), and a model was developed using threat and error management. The results indicate that the social support received by participants after a negative experience promoted the transformation of their self-evaluation and self-recognition and enhanced their objective understanding of events. Furthermore, it is evident that their transformation of self-evaluation and self-recognition and deeper objective understanding of events influence changes in the quality of rumination through acquired resilience
