The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the idea of "compensation" and Vygotsky's late theory through positive re-positioning of this concept. Vygotsky's concept of "compencation" is influenced by A. Adler. In former researches the concept of "compensation" did passive positioning, because there is little term of "compensation" in Vygotsky's text since the 1930's. However, Vygotsky did't use this term in his later life, it is his critical reception about Adler's "compencation". This paper attempts to reexamine the idea of "compensation" in Vygotsky's defectological studies. The two followings became clear: 1, The idea of "compensation" introduce vygotsky's historical perspective not only past but also future. 2, Vygotsky refuses to subjective sense of inferiority in Adler's idea, and he seeks to find a source of "compensation" in a group. This vertical and horizontal perspective is considered to be leading his late idea of the Zone of Proximal Development
