Comparaison de la croissance en diamètre dans un peuplement mixte de pin d'Alep et de pin Brutia dans huit régions d'Israël

LIPHSCHITZ N.

MENDEL Z.

International audienceComparaison de la croissance en diamètre dans un peuplement mixte de pin d'Alep et de pin Brutia dans huit régions d'Israël

Liphschitz, N.

Mendel, Z.

Hal-Diderot

Comparative radial growth of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus brutia in Israël

I-Revues

Comparative 
radial growth 
of Pinus halepensis Mill. 
and Pinus brutia in Israel 
by Nili LIPHSCHITZ* and Zvi MENDEL** 
Introduction 
Pi nus halepensis and P. brutia are vicarious species ; 
the distribution of the former is western Mediterranean 
while th at of the latter lies to the east (cf. Mi rove, 1955) . 
The annual rhythm of cambial activity of P. 
halepensis shows that this species is  weil adapted to the 
Mediterranean climate (Liphschitz et al. ,  1984; Liph­
schitz & Lev-Y ad un, 1986) , and res ponds clearly to 
changes in precipitation and temperature (Gindel, 
1944; Lev-Yadun et al. ,  1981) . No comparable informa­
tion is available concerning P. brutia (cf. Liphschitz & 
Lev-Y ad un, 1986) . 
Pines comprise about 70% of the trees in afforesta­
tion in I srael ,  with most of the plantations consisting 
of P. halepensis. Recent surveys have shown that most 
aleppo pine stands are infested by the Israeli pine bast 
scale Matsucoccus josephi Bodenh. et Harpaz. About 
10% of the mature stands are severely affected and an 
additional 20 % display significant damage (Madar et 
al. ,  1985) . Though P. halepensis and P. brutia are closely 
related, P. brutia is  resistant to Matsucoccus josephi 
(Mendel, 1984) , but more susceptible to bark beetle 
attack than the former (Mendel, unpublished data) . In 
the last decade P. brutia is widely planted taking first 
place over P. halepensis. 
The objective of this investigation was to compare 
the patterns of annual width growth of both species in 
various habitats in I srael and to examine their response 
to identical environmental conditions on different sites. 
This information is  needed to understand their diffe­
rent susceptibil ity to bark beetles attacks in different 
habitats . Correlations between annual increments of 
unaffected trees wil l  indicate whether P. brutia may be 
used to assess increment !osses from Matsucoccus of P. 
halepensis associated on the same site. 
* Institute of Archaeology, 
Tel Aviv University, 
Ramat Aviv 
** ARO, The Volcani Center, 
Bet Dagan, 
Israel 
forêt méditerranéenne, t. IX, n" 2, 1 98 7  
Materials and methods 
Eight stands in typical afforestation areas in Israel 
where P. halepensis and P. brutia grow of the same site, 
were chosen for this investigation. At each site both 
species were planted in the same year or during two 
successive years (Table 1). In each stand ten weil 
developed trees of each species were sampled : cross 
sections taken at the base of the stem or increment 
cores from a height of 0. 5 rn above the ground were 
smoothed, and the width of the annual growth rings 
was measured. 
Master chronologies were built for each species 
and site based on individual chronologies showing 
similar patterns .  They therefore represent the general 
growth pattern for each tree population and site 
(Fig. 1 ) . Correlations between the rn aster chronologies 
of the two species were calculated for each site. 
Results 
Master chronologies of radial growth of P. halepen­
sis and P. brutia at eight sites are shown in Fig.  1. 
At Iron, marked between-trees variations were 
observed in both species. The trees of each population 
were, therefore, divided into two groups. For this site 
there are, thus, two master chronologies for each 
species .  At ali other sites, ali ten trees of each species 
showed very similar radial growth patterns, the master 
chronologies were, therefore built from ten trees each. 
Highly significant correlation coefficients were 
obtained at ali sites, including Iron, between radial 
growth increments of P. halepensis and P. brutia (Ta­
ble I I) .  
At  Kh. Ein  al Hayik and Iron, P. brutia produced 
wider rings than P. halepensis. At Sifsufa the later 
produced wider rings than the former only after 1975, 
probably fol lowing thinning. At ali other sites annual 
rings of the two species were of about same width 
(Fig. 1). 
Comparison between the master chronology and 
annual rainfall curves at the nearest meteorological 
stations show very similar pattern (Fig. 1). 
1 1 5 
.-------,aoo � 4000.. 
r-------J-0 
LL-----'-----'-...1....:� '---'-J...._-'-----'-----''--� Lahav 16 
3: 
a a:: 
Fig. 1. Radial growth patterns (R W =ring width, 
mm) (master chronologies) of P. halepensis and P. 
brutia in eight mixed stands in Israel, and annual 
precipitation (P) (mm) at the nearest meteorologi­
cal stations. 
Discussion 
At each of the sites examined growth responses of 
P. halepensis and P. brutia were similar. The effect of 
site conditions is decisive, and is expressed by the 
correlation coefficient between radial growth of both 
pines. However, as expected, patterns of the width 
increment differ in the same species between popula­
tions growing under different invironmental conditions 
in different parts of Israel. Parallel radial growth 
116 
Sifsufa Y • 1.034x-0.834 0.73 
Ein zaitim Y 2 0.723x+0.282 0.96 
Bat Shelomo Y ,. 0.336x+l. 796 0.61 
Iron group A Y ,.  0.405x+l.633 0.93 
Iron. group B ï - 1. OOOx+O. 916 0.78 
Kh. 
1
Ein al Hayik ï = l. 356x+l. 403 0.83 
Eshta 'ol Y • 1.386x-0.775 0.91 
Lahav Y =  0.856x+1.327 0.91 
Yattir Y • 1.l45x-0.040 0.95 
*Correlation coefficients are significant for P=O.OS 
Table Il. Linear regression equations and corre­
lation coefficients (r) values of the annual growth 
increments between paired pine populations : P. 
halepensis (x) over P. brutia (Y) within sites. 
patterns of P. halepensis and P. brutia are conspicuous 
both in the young age and in later years. In spite of the 
fact that during the first years wider rings are produced 
patterns of width growth of both pines are similat to 
those of annual rainfall. 
Investigations concerning the annual rhythm of 
cambial activity have shown that P. halepensis is well 
adapted to the Mediterranean climate, with local 
variations occurring among populations growing in 
different parts of its range (Liphschitz & Lev-Y ad un, 
1986). The high correlation coefficients between width 
growth of P. halepensis and P. brutia suggest that within 
reasonable limits the latter will presumably behave in 
various habitats like P. halepensis. Site factors such as 
soil or precipitation are not expected to cause one 
species to replace the other through competition. 
However, Panetsos ( 1975) suggested that low freezing 
temperatures might be a strong selective factor favou­
ring P. brutia. Although P. brutia is more susceptible to 
drought, tire (Panetsos, 1975) and bark beetle attack 
(Mendel, unpublished data), its competitive vigour is 
enhanced by its resistance to M. josephi injury. 
During the last two decades, a serious deterioration 
?f P. halepensis plantations has been observed mainly 
m the central parts of Israel. Data are missing to 
quantitatively assess )osses caused by the scale. As­
sessment of damage due to cyclic outbreaks of, or 
chronic annual injury by the scale is needed for an 
economie approach to its control. P. brutia might be 
infested by, and sorne development of Matsucoccus 
josephi can take place (Bodenheimer & Neumark, 1955; 
Mendel, 1984). However, injury to this species is very 
rare and not of significance. Identical growth rates of 
P. brutia and P. halepensis suggest that the former can 
serve as a yardstick to evaluate growth )osses of P. 
halepensis related to M. josephi. 
Acknowledgments 
. The authors thanks Ms Nitza Shaphir and Mr. Zwn Madar of the Forests Department, Jewish Natio­
nal Fund (JNF) for their help; to Dr. Karschon of the 
Agric; Res. Organization and Prof. R. Aloni, Tel Aviv 
University for their valuable comments and to Ms Z. 
Gil�oa of the Israel Meteorological Service, for sup­
plymg the meteorological data. This study was partly 
suppdrted by the JNF as project No. 1 3 1 -0637 .  
N.L. 
Z.M. 
References 
BüDENHEIMER F.S. and NEUMARK S. ,  1 955 .  The Israel Pine 
Matsucoccus. Kiryath Sepher, Jerusalem. 
GINDEL 1., 1 944. Aleppo pine as a medium for tree ring 
analysis.  Tree Ring Bull. I l  : 6-8 .  
LEV-YADUN S.,  LIPHSCHITZ N. and WAISEL Y.,  1 98 1 .  Dendro­
chronological investigations in Israel : Pinus halepensis 
Mill.  - the oldest living pin es in Israel. La-Yaaran 
3 1  : 1 -8 .  
LIPHSCHITZ N., LEv-YADUN S. and WAISEL Y.,  1 984. The 
annual rhythm of activity of the lateral meristems 
(cambium and phellogen) in Pinus halepensis Mill. and 
Pinus pineaL. IAWA Bull. n.s. 5.: 263-274. 
LIPHSCHITZ N. and LEV-Y ADUN S., 1 986. Cambial activity of 
evergreen and seasonal dimorphics around the Mediter­
ranean. IAWA Bull. n.s .  7: 1 45- 1 53 .  
MADAR Z. ,  GOLAN Y.  and SAPHIR N., 1 985 .  J .N.F. (mimeogra­
phed report). 
MENDEL Z., 1 984. Provenance as a factor in susceptibility of 
Pinus halepensis to Matsucoccus josephi (Homoptera : 
Margarodidae) For. Eco!. Manag. 9 : 259-266. 
Meteorologica1 Service, Bet Dagan, Meteorological Notes. 
No. 2 1 ,  1 967. 
MIRov·, N.T., 1 955 .  Relationships between Pinus halepensis 
and other insignes pines of the Mediterranean region. 
Bull. Res.  Counc. Israel 5D : 65-72.  
PANETSOS C.P., 1 975 .  Natural hybridization between Pinus 
halepensis and Pinus brutia in Greece. Silvae Genet. 24 : 
1 63- 1 68.  
RÉSUMÉ 
Comparaison de la croissance en diamètre du Pin 
d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) et du Pin brutia (Pinus 
brutia Ten.) en Israel. 
La croissance en diamètre dans un peuplement mixte 
d 'arbres de Pin d'Alep et de Pin brutia dans huit régions 
d'Israel a été examinée. La corrélation de la croissance 
en diamètre entre les deux expèces est statistiquement 
significative. Les périodes d'activité cambiale reflètent le 
rôle de l 'environnement local, particulièrement les condi­
tions météorologiques. L 'accroissement identique des 
deux espèces suggère que le Pin brutia peut remplacer le 
Pin d'Alep dans les différentes régions d 'Israel. Le Pin 
brutia peut servir d 'indice pour évaluer les dommages au 
Pin d 'Alep causés par Matsucoccus josephi. 
SUMMARY 
'[he width of the an nuai growth rings was measured 
in eight even-aged mixed or neighbouring stands ofPinus 
halepensis and P. brutia. Highly significant correlations 
were found on ali sites between radial growth rates of 
both species. Growth patterns rejlect the effect of the site 
conditions particularly the precipitation. Identical growth 
rates suggest that P. brutia may replace P. halepensis in 
most environments and that the former can serve as a 
yardstick to assess increment fosses of P. halepensis 
caused by the Israeli pine bast scale Matsucoccus josephi. 
RESUMEN 
Se examina e l  crecimiento en  diametro en  una 
poblaci6n forest al mixta de Pino de Alepo y de Pino brutia 
en ocho regiones de Israel. Es estadisticamente signifi­
cativa la correlaci6n del crecimiento en diametro entre las 
dos espécies. Los periodos de actividad cambial rejletan 
el pape/ del medio ambiente local, particularmente las 
condiciones meteoro/6gicas. El crecimiento idéntico de las 
dos espécies sugiere que el Pino brutia puede substituir 
el Pino de Alepo en varias regiones de Israel. El Pino 
brutia puede servir de indice para evaluar las deteriora­
ciones causadas por Matsucoccus josephi al Pino de 
Alepo. 
1 1 7  


http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/2042/42734/1/FM_IX_2_115.pdf

Comparative radial growth of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus brutia in Israël

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Hal-Diderot

I-Revues