University of Zagreb. Music Academy. Music Pedagogy Department.
Abstract
Svečana pjesma ili himna je uz grb i zastavu jedan od elemenata državnog, nacionalnog i narodnog identiteta. Ona je glazbena osobna iskaznica na političkoj i povijesnoj karti Europe i svijeta. Dvadeseto stoljeće obilovalo je sudbonosnim promjenama i prevratima, pa su tako hrvatski narod, država i himna zajedno podijelili sudbinu većine europskih naroda. Od početaka himničkih izričaja na hrvatskom povijesnom tlu krajem 18. stoljeća, pa sve do uzbudljivih i strelovitih izmjena u 20. stoljeću postojalo je nekoliko napjeva i popijevaka koje su obilježile narodnu glazbenu identifikaciju i preuzele ulogu neformalnih, povremeno prihvaćenih, zatim opet odbacivanih svečanih pjesama. Kroz pet državnih tvorevina na tlu današnje Hrvatske izdvojile su se dvije popijevke. Jedna je krajem 19. stoljeća proglašena za „narodnu himnu“, a druga je postala sveslavenska oda. Za napjev Lijepa naša domovino još uvijek nije utvrđeno glazbeno autorstvo; iako je gotovo 130 godina figurirala kao himna hrvatskoga naroda, postala je službeno priznata tek 1972. te danas predstavlja državnu himnu Republike Hrvatske. Napjev Hej Slaveni ima tekst godinu dana stariji od Lijepe naše, ali puno stariju melodiju i premda je bila svečana pjesma, poput neželjena djeteta dobila je službeni status tek 1988. godine. Danas se još može čuti u svojoj izvornoj melodiji kao himna Republike Poljske. Sudbina je htjela da i treća skladba ima burnu i dugovječnu povijest kao i prve dvije. Nastanak Gott erhalte također je kontroverzan i povezuje se s glazbenom baštinom hrvatskoga naroda. Stoga, iako se taj treći napjev prestao izvoditi u svojstvu hrvatske himne 1918. godine, još uvijek je prisutan kao himna Savezne Republike Njemačke.The ceremonial poem or the anthem is, along with the coat of arms and the flag, one of the elements of the national, ethnic and public identity. It is a musical identity card on the political and historical map of Europe and the world. The twentieth century was abundant with fatal changes and twists, leaving the Croatian people, the country and the anthem to share the destiny of the majority of Europeans. From the beginnings of the anthem's appearance on the Croatian historical ground, from the end of the 18th century, and to the exciting and striking changes happening throughout the 20th century, there were several songs and chants that impacted the national musical identification and took on the role of informal, occasionally accepted and later again neglected festive songs. Through five of Croatian's work present, two chants could have been distinguished. One was declared as the "national anthem" by the end of the 19th century, while the second one became a Slavic ode. For the chant Lijepa naša domovino has not yet been found musical authorship; despite for being almost 130 years considered as a hymn of the Croatian people, it only became officially recognized in 1972 and today it represents the national anthem of the Republic of Croatia. The chant Hej Slaveni has a text one year older than the one from Lijepa naša but owns a much older melody and although it was a festive song, as an unwanted child got the late official status in 1988. Whereas today, it can be heard in its original melodic form as the hymn of the Republic of Poland.Also, a destiny wished for the third piece to have a rough and long-lasting history as same as the first two. The creation of Gott erhalte is also controversial and links with the musical heritage of the Croatian people. Therefore, although this third chant ceased to perform as a Croatian anthem in 1918, it is still present as a hymn of the Federal Republic of Germany
