Dissertation (DScD) -- Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2010 (Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology).Diabetes and periodontal disease exhibit a bidirectional relationship centered on an enhanced
inflammatory response manifested both locally and systemically. The observation that
hyperglycemia by itself, in the absence of additional inflammatory signals, promotes a proinflammatory
environment indicates that diabetes is an independent risk factor for periodontal
disease. Leukocyte pre-activation or priming in diabetes has been demonstrated. Excessive ROS
release by leukocytes, upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules are
characteristic to T2DM-associated low-grade inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which
chronic hyperglycemia leads to leukocyte activation are not fully understood. [TRUNCATED