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Wolbachia endosymbiont is essential for egg hatching in a parthenogenetic arthropod.
Authors
AB Czarnetzki
AB Czarnetzki
+46 more
AR Weeks
BA Pannebakker
BA Pannebakker
BB Normark
C Dale
D Bouchon
D Poinsot
D Wu
E Zchori-Fein
E Zchori-Fein
E Zientz
ET Lawson
F Dedeine
F Dedeine
F Frati
GDD Hurst
GDD Hurst
GP Quinn
H Noda
HL Carson
I Negri
J Mallatt
J Pijls
Jacintha Ellers
JAJ Breeuwer
JH Werren
JH Werren
JH Werren
K Bourtzis
KJ Livak
M Casiraghi
MA Perotti
Martijn J. T. N. Timmermans
MG Riparbelli
MJTN Timmermans
MJTN Timmermans
MJTN Timmermans
N Arakaki
N Lo
P Simon
R Dallai
R Stouthamer
R Stouthamer
SR Bordenstein
TTM Vandekerckhove
Z Veneti
Publication date
1 January 2009
Publisher
Doi
Cite
Abstract
Wolbachia pipientis can induce a range of sex ratio distortions including parthenogenesis. Recently Wolbachia has been detected in the diploid, parthenogenetic, collembolan species Folsomia candida. In this paper we address the effect of Wolbachia on reproduction in F. candida. Wolbachia infection was removed by antibiotic and heat treatment, and quantitative PCR techniques confirmed the success of the treatments. Complete loss of Wolbachia-infection led to the production of normal clutch sizes, but was associated with full egg hatching failure. Our results demonstrate that F. candida is strictly dependent on Wolbachia to produce viable offspring. This is one of the few cases of obligatory Wolbachia infection in arthropods. Our data suggest a unique mechanism underlying Wolbachia-dependence of egg development. One of our more salient results is that hatching success increased in consecutive egg clutches of antibiotic-treated individuals, probably due to restoration of bacterial densities over time. These observations suggest that reproduction in F. candida is a threshold effect requiring a critical Wolbachia density as is hypothesized by the bacterial dosage model. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that heat or antibiotic treated individuals with egg hatching failure had low average bacterial densities, but bacterial densities were not significantly different from those of treated individuals with successfully eclosing eggs. Additional experiments with partially cured F. candida are needed to prove the dosage model. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008
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