This year’s International Open Access Week theme was “Open in Action”. The week (October 24 - 30, 2016) held a plethora of events, talks and other initiatives that presented, discussed and challenged various aspects from Open Access (OA) in academic publishing and scholarly communication, ranging from current trends, best practices and future prospects. figure 1. Open Science matrix (courtesy LIBER) In fact, Open Access is just one of the many interrelated instances of Open Science or of Kn..