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COSTA, N. de L.

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   Artigos Técnicos  PASTURE RECOVERY WITH FORAGE LEGUMESThe technological alternatives developed for the recovery of degraded pastures include,for the most part, remediation and soil fertilization associated with its movement, withagricultural implements for the possible removal of compacted layers of soil. Anotheralternative is the introduction of legumes, which besides increasing yield and quality offorage produced by its ability to fix nitrogen, reduces weight loss donates animals duringthe dry season. However, the permanence of leguminous pastures depends on theexclusion of the burning, once the deleterious effects of a fire is the destruction of foragelegumes.The soil preparation by plowing and harrowing is always the best way for theestablishment of legumes in degraded pastures. The most important factor is the controlof existing vegetation. The control of his aggression will give a greater chance of survivalfor newly established seedlings by reducing competition for water, light and nutrients.The overgrazing before or after sowing of the legume has been used as an effectivealternative to reduce the corrosivity of coverage. When the grazing takes place afterplanting can help to bury the seeds by trampling and moving the ground, creatingmicrorelevos to assist in setting, mainly by increasing the contact surface between theseed and soil. In grass pastures (Melinis minutiflora), using the competition to reduceovergrazing of vegetation, planting on ridges was the most efficient method for theintroduction of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Desmodium intortum andCentrosema pubescens.The plowing was the most efficient method for introducing Calopogonium mucunoides indegraded Brachiaria decumbens, which provided the best value for grass-legume. A greatestablishment of Desmodium ovalifolium and Pueraria phaseoloides, respectively, inpastures of B. decumbens, was obtained with the use of more plowing harrowing in theentire area. However, preparation of the soil may be an alternative tracks to be used inorder to reduce the cost of recovery. It is suggested ranges of 2.5 legume as the bestalternative for the introduction of P phaseoloides in degraded pastures of B. decumbens.The exclusive use of physical methods may be insufficient for the recovery of pasture,especially in soils of low natural fertility. In this case, it is essential to ensure an adequatesupply, especially those limiting nutrients for forage production. In Rondônia, pastures ofB. humidicola recovered with the introduction of legumes (P. phaseoloides, Stylosanthesguianensis and C. pubescens) showed higher yields of forage with the application of 75 kgof P2O5/ha. The successful establishment of legumes in degraded pastures can be directlycorrelated with their seeding rate. The use of 20 seeds viáveis/m2 was sufficient toestablish M. atropurpureum cv. Siratro pastures of B. humidicola without any mechanicalinterference. For degraded pastures of B. decumbens, regardless of the density of S.guianensis cv. Mineirão (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg / ha), the use of disk harrow + levelingharrow, followed by passage of the roller was the best method that allowed theestablishment of the legume.Animal performance in pastures recovered with the introduction of legumes, generally, isdirectly correlated with the establishment and participation in the botanical compositionof the forage on offer. The introduction of M. atropurpureum and Neonotonia wightii,grazing P. maximum, in the process of degradation allowed increase the carrying capacityof 0.35 AU / ha and 1.1 to 0.81 AU / ha respectively the first and second year of use. Inpastures of B. decumbens degraded, the introduction of Centrosema macrocarpumCIAT-5713 and C. acutifolium CIAT-5568, resulted in gains of 830 kg / ha / year and 607g / animal / day, compared to 550 kg / ha / year and 451 g / animal / day obtained inpasture not recovered. In Pará, the establishment of P. phaseoloides, C. pubescens and S.guianensis in degraded pastures of Panicum maximum provided increments of 16 and63% respectively for the liveweight gains / animal / year and hectare / year. Using thesame pulses, in Rondônia, the increases were 46 and 40% gains in live weight / ha /.:: Boletim Pecuário ::. http://www.boletimpecuario.com.br/artigos/showartigo.php?arquivo=ar...1 de 2 7/19/2012 3:30 PMyear, respectively, for degraded pastures of Hyparrhenia rufa and B. humidicola. In Acre,it was confirmed the viability of pasture recovery of P. maximum by introducing pulsesassociated with the phosphorus fertilization (50 kg P2O5/ha), used independently of thestocking, which resulted in an increase of 69% in weight gain / area (150 vs.. 253 kg / ha/ year .)The recovery of degraded pastures may be technically feasible through the introduction offorage legumes. To this end, it becomes essential to adopt management practicesadequate to ensure a satisfactory establishment, productivity and persistence ofintroduced species (planting methods, lowering of vegetation with mechanical cultivationand / or chemical, sowing, phosphorus nutrition etc.. .) However, the use of foragegermplasm with low nutrient requirements, along with systems and grazing pressurescompatible with maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, should be considered as thekey to ensuring the productivity of pastures and herds, for periods of time for long, underforest in the humid tropics of Brazil.Newton de Lucena Costa - Embrapa Roraima - 19 de Julho de 2012 -newton@cpafrr.embrapa.br      .:: Boletim Pecuário ::. http://www.boletimpecuario.com.br/artigos/showartigo.php?arquivo=ar...2 de 2 7/19/2012 3:30 PM

Pasture recovery with forage legumes.

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Pasture recovery with forage legumes.

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