SOBRAL, L. F.

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44ISSN1517-1981Outubro 2000678 - 6t bro, 9Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 andMehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus,in Coastal Tableland soilsBoletim de Pesquisae Desenvolvimento 44Aracaju, SE2009ISSN 1678-1961Outubro, 2009Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuáriaCentro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros CosteirosMinistério da Agricultura, Pecuária e AbastecimentoComparison of Resin,Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3extractants for phosphorus,in Coastal Tableland soilsLafayette Franco SobralDisponível em: http://www.cpatc.embrapa.br/index.php?idpagina=fixas&pagina=publicacoesonlineEmbrapa Tabuleiros CosteirosAv. Beira Mar, 3250, Aracaju, SE, CEP 49025-040Caixa Postal 44Fone: (79) 4009-1344Fax:  (79) 4009-1399www.cpatc.embrapa.brsac@cpatc.embrapa.brComitê Local de PublicaçõesPresidente: Ronaldo Souza ResendeSecretária-Executiva: Raquel Fernandes de  Araújo RodriguesMembros: Semíramis Rabelo Ramalho Ramos, Julio Roberto Araujo de Amorim, Anada Silva Lédo, Flávia Karine Nunes Pithan, Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva Muniz,Hymerson Costa Azevedo.Supervisora editorial: Raquel Fernandes de Araújo RodriguesRevisão Bibliográfica: Josete Cunha MeloTratamento de ilustrações: Sandra Helena dos SantosEditoração eletrônica: Sandra Helena dos SantosFoto da capa: Lafayette Franco Sobral1a ediçãoTodos os direitos reservados.A reprodução não-autorizada desta publicação, no todo ou em parte, constitui violaçãodos direitos autorais (Lei no 9.610).Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP)Embrapa Tabuleiros CosteirosSobral, Lafayette FrancoComparison of resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-w extractants for phosphorus, in coastaltableland  / Lafayette Franco Sobral. -- Aracaju  :  Embrapa Coastal Tableland, 2009.12 p. - (Research Development Bulletin / Embrapa Coastal Tableland, ISSN1678-1961; 44).Access: http://www.cpatc.embrapa.br/index.php?idpagina=fixas&pagina=publicacoesonline1. Soils. 2. Chemical analysis. 3. Costal Tableland.I. Títle. II. Series.                                                                                                                                   CDD 631.4SumárioAbstract ..................................................................................... 5Resumo ....................................................................................... 7Introduction ................................................................................. 8Materials and Methods .......................................................................8Results and Discussion .......................................................................9Conclusions................................................................................10References ...........................................................................12AbstractAssessment of P availability by Mehlich-1, currently used in the coastaltableland, was compared with that of the Mehlich-3 and resin. Twenty soilsamples (0-20 cm depth) were collected  from representative Oxisols, Ultisolsand Spodosols in five States throughout the coastal tableland region. In order toevaluate P uptake by corn, an experiment was carried out in the greenhouse with20 soils, and three replications. Correlation coefficients between corn P uptakeand P extracted by Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and resin at corn harvest, were 0.61 e0.56 e 0.72 for all soils and 0.85, 0.81 and 0.87 for soils with P lower than40 mg dm-3. Comparisons between data obtained with Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 andresin extractants, suggest that the Mehlich-1 is reliable for assessing soil P in thecoastal tablelands soils.Index terms: Soil fertility, soil testing, methods,Comparison of Resin,Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3extractants for phosphorus,in Coastal Tableland soilsLafayette Franco Sobral5Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soils7Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soilsResumoResumo: Nos solos dos tabuleiros costeiros, a análise de P é feita pelo extratorMehlich-1, o qual foi comparado, à resina e ao Mehlich-3. Vinte amostras desolo foram coletadas na profunfidade 0-20 cm em  cinco Estados do Nordestedo Brasil em perfis descritos de Latossolos, Argissolos e Espodosolos, os quaissão os mais representativos dos tabuleiros costeiros. Para obter a absorção defósforo pelo milho, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação comvinte solos e três repetições. Os coeficientes de correlação entre o P absorvidopelo milho e o P extraído pelo  Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e resina após o cultivo domilho foram 0,61 e 0,56 e 0,72 para todos os solos e 0,85, 0,81 e 0,87 paraos solos com P menor que 40 mg dm-3. Os dados comparativos entre osextratores Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e o método da resina, sugerem que o Mehlich-1é um extrator adequado para os solos dos tabuleiros costeiros.Termos para indexação: Fertilidade do solo, análise de solo, métodos.Comparação entre a resina,Mehlich-1 e Mehlich-3, parafósforo, em solos dos tabu-leiros costeiros8 Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soilsOxisols, Ultisols, Spodosols, and Entisols are the predominant soils in theBrazilian coastal tableland. These soils have low CEC and kaolinite is the primaryclay mineral. Soil laboratories in the region extract P with the Mehlich-1. Theresin procedure (Raij et al., 1986) and the Mehlich-3 (Mehlich, 1984) arepotential alternatives to the Mehlich-1. The Mehlich-1 solution is a mixture oftwo acids which extracts portions of complexed and strongly adsorbed nutrientsthrough a dissolution process. In the Mehlich-3 solution (Mehlich, 1984) theacetic acid buffers the solutions to a pH 2,5 and the nitric acid dissolvescalcium phosphates. In addition, the ammonium fluoride extracts P related toiron and aluminum. Miranda et al. (2002) observed that Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3and resin correlated well and both solutions showed a good prediction ofavailable P in cerrado soils. The amount of P extracted was in the followingorder: resin>Mehlich-3>Mehlich-1. Mylavarapu et al., (2002) obtained goodcorrelation coefficients between  Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 and the Mehlich-3extracted more P than the Mehlich-1. The resin method is based on anion andcation exchange. Raij et al., (1986, 2001) improved this technique decreasingthe time of analysis, making it feasible for routine work. Bissani et al. (2002)concluded that the resin removed more P than the Mehlich-1 and the differencewas greater in soils with more than  400 g kg-1 of clay contentThe objective of this investigation was to compare soil phosphorus extractionswith the Mehlich-1, the resin and the Mehlich-3 methods, in soils from theBrazilian Coastal Tablelands.IntroductionTwenty soil samples (0-20 cm depth), were collected from representativeUltisols, Oxisols and Spodosols in the Brazilian coastal tablelands, where soilprofiles had been described. Soil organic matter, clay content, and pH in waterwere determined according with procedures described in Silva (1999) . Mehlich-Materials and Methods9Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soilsCorrelation coefficients between P uptake by corn and P extracted by Mehlich-1,Mehlich-3 and resin at corn harvest for all samples were 0,61 e 0,56 e 0,72respectively and samples with P higher than 40 mg dm-3 ,  moved away from theregression line. As phosphorus content in the great majority of soil samples incoastal tableland soils is lower than 40 mg dm-3, correlation coefficients werealso calculated  for samples with P Mehlich-1 lower than 40 mg dm-3 and theyincreased to 0,85, 0,81 e 0,87 for Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and resin  respectively(Figure 1). Even though the mechanisms of P removal are different for the threemethods and according to Raij et al. (2001) the resin is less influenced by claycontent than the Mehlich-1, correlation coefficients between P uptake and Pextracted by them are close. At the sampling depth of (0–20 cm) coastaltableland soils are low in clay content and kaolinite is the predominant claymineral, making them alike. The correlation coefficients between P uptake andResults and Discussion1-, Mehlich-3- and resin-extractable P contents were determined according withSilva (1999), Mehlich (1984) and Raij et al., 1986), respectively.In order to evaluate P uptake by corn, an experiment was carried out in thegreenhouse with 20 soils, and three replications. Each pot contained 2 L of soil,limed with Ca(OH)2 based on its aluminum content, with a lime factor of 2 and,subsequently, incubated moist for 30 days. Final pH values in water rangedfrom 4.1 to 6.2 among the 20 soils.  Eight corn seeds were sown to each pot.All pots received weekly additions of 0.1 L of a nutrient solution containingKNO3, Ca(NO3)2, MgSO4, H3BO3, MnCl2, ZnSO4, CuSO4 and  H2MoO4. Pots wereweighed daily and water was added to approximate water holding capacity,previously estimated as water retained at 0.10 atm tension. After 40 days,aboveground plant material was harvested, dried digested with a mixture ofperchloric and nitric acids and analyzed for P. Soils were removed from the pots,mixed, and soil phosphorus analyses were accomplished with the Mehlich-1(Silva, 1999), the Mehlich-3 (Mehlich-1984), and the resin procedure accordingto Raij et al. (1986). Analysis of variance and regressions were performed withthe Statistical Analysis System software (SAS, 1994).10 Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soils1. Correlation coefficients between corn P uptake and P extracted by Mehlich-1,Mehlich-3 and resin at corn harvest, were 0.61 e 0.56 e 0.72 for all soils and0,85, 0,81 and 0,87 for soils with P lower than 40 mg dm-3.2. Comparisons between data obtained with Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and resinextractants, suggest that the Mehlich-1 is reliable for assessing soil P in thecoastal tablelands soils.ConclusionsMehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and resin after adding soil attributes such pH, Al+3, soilorganic matter  and clay contents into the regression  model for all soils, were0,74, 0,71 and 0,78  for the  Mehlich-1, the Mehlich-3 and the resinrespectively. Therefore, addition of these soil properties as explanatory variablesdid not contribute to improve the correlation coefficients between P uptake and Pextracted by the three methods.11Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soilsFigure 1. Linear regressions and correlation coefficients between  P  by Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and  resin andP uptake by corn, for samples with P Mehlich – 1  lower than 40 mg   dm-3 .Table 1.Range, means and standard deviations for initial values of pH, clay andorganic matter and  P  by Mehlich-1 of the twenty 20 soil samples.12 Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soilsReferencesBISSANI, C. A; TEDESCO, M.J.; CAMARGO, F.A DE º;MIOLA, G.L.;GIANELLO,C. Anion-exchange resins and iron oxide-impregnated filter paper as plantavailable phosphorus indicators in soils. Commun. Soil  Sci. Plant  Anal., v.33,n.7-8, p.1119-1130, 2002.MIRANDA, L. N. de; AZEVEDO J. A. de; MIRANDAJ. C. C de; GOMES  A. C.  Calibração de métodos de análise de fósforo e respostado feijão ao fósforo no sulco. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 37, n.11,p.1621-1627, 2002.MYLAVARAPU, R. S.; SANCHEZ, J. F.; NGUYEN, J.H.; BARTOS, J. M.Evaluation of Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extraction procedures for plant nutrients inacid minerals soils of Florida.  Commun. Soil  Sci. Plant  Anal., v.33, n.5-6, p.807-820,  2002.MEHLICH, A. Mehlich-3 soil test extractant: a modification of the Mehlich 2extractant. Commun. Soil  Sci. Plant  Anal., v. 15, n.12, p.1409-1416, 1984.RAIJ, B.van ; QUAGGIO, J. A.; SILVA, N. M da. Extraction of phosphorus,potassium, calcium and magnesium from soils by íon-exchange resin procedure.Commun. Soil  Sci. Plant  Anal., v.17, n.5, p. 547-566, 1986.RAIJ, B. van; ANDRADE, J. C. de; CANTARELLA, H.; QUAGGIO, J. A. Análisequímica para avaliação da fertilidade de solos tropoicais. Campinas: InstitutoAgronômico, 2001. 285 p.SILVA, F. C. da. (Org). Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizan-tes. Brasília, DF, Embrapa Comunicação para Transferência de Tecnologia.,1999,370 p.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM. User’s Guide, v. 2. Cary, NC., SAS Institute,Inc., 1994.CoastalTablelandsMinistry ofAgriculture,and SupplyB R A Z I L I A N G O V E R N M E N T

Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soils.

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Comparison of Resin, Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractants for phosphorus, in Coastal Tableland soils.

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