Our common recognition of leaders and leadership reveals an assortment of men and women, some who are who predisposed to service, some who are humble but forthright, and others who exert narcissistic tendencies coupled with authoritarian attitudes. All of these have been and are called “leaders.” Hence, to unearth what is meant by “moral leadership” or “values-based leadership” (VBL) strains our understanding as many layers of value expose the diversity implied by the moniker “values-based.
