To get a better understanding of the fundamental laws and particles of the universe, a forward electromagnetic calorimeter (FoCal) is proposed for ALICE at CERN. A prototype detector has been build and is currently being analysed. This thesis focusses on finding an analytical description of the lateral hit density profiles of the prototype, obtained by measurements of the 50 GeV SPS beam at CERN. Unfortunatly, uncertainties of the hit densities from earlier analysis were lost and new uncertainties have been calculated, assuming pure Poisson fluctuations of the number of hits with a constant mean value per event. The new uncertainties are overestimated with the current approach, leading to difficulty in interpreting the fit results. From earlier analysis a power law function was deemed best fit for the profiles and in this thesis four adjustments are applied for new fits. The results are compared by looking at chisquare values of the fits. All adjusted functions seem to perform better than the original and the function, with added polynomial inside the power, performs best. Comparison between the results of the overestimated uncertainties and results obtained with underestimated uncertainties, shows similar behaviour of the fits. This could imply the functions are good to describe the data

Bailey, Abby M.

Baker, Stephanie N.

Weant, Kyle A.

PubMed

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a frequent uropathogen in urinary tract infections (UTI). Widespread resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) and increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones amongst these isolates has been recognized. There are limited data demonstrating risk factors for resistance to both SMX-TMP and fluoroquinolones.
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess for the prevalence of community resistance amongst E. coli isolates to SMX-TMP and levofloxacin in ambulatory patients discharged from the emergency department (ED).
METHODS: Adults presenting for evaluation and discharged from the ED with a diagnosis of an E. coli UTI were retrospectively reviewed. Utilizing demographic and clinical data the prevalence of E. coli resistance and risk factors associated with SMX-TMP- and fluoroquinolone-resistant infection were determined.
RESULTS: Among the 222 patients, the mean rates of E. coli susceptibility to levofloxacin and SMX-TMP were 82.4% and 72.5%, respectively. Significant risk factors for resistance to SMX-TMP included prior antibiotic use (p=0.04) and prior diagnosis of UTI (p= 0.01). Significant risk factors for resistance to levofloxacin included: male gender, age, presence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, nursing home resident, previous antibiotic use, previous diagnosis of UTI, existence of renal or genitourinary abnormalities, and prior surgical procedures (p
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that conventional approaches to monitoring for patterns of susceptibility may be inadequate. It is imperative that practitioners develop novel approaches to identifying patients with risk factors for resistance. Identification of risk factors from this evaluation should prompt providers to scrutinize the use of these agents in the setting of patients presenting with an uncomplicated UTI in the ED

University of Kentucky

English

Prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Resistant Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a frequent
uropathogen in urinary tract infections (UTI).
Widespread resistance to sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim
(SMX-TMP) and increasing resistance
to fluoroquinolones amongst these isolates has
been recognized. There are limited data
demonstrating risk factors for resistance to both
SMX-TMP and fluoroquinolones.
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess for
the prevalence of community resistance amongst E.
coli isolates to SMX-TMP and levofloxacin in
ambulatory patients discharged from the emergency
department (ED).
Methods: Adults presenting for evaluation and
discharged from the ED with a diagnosis of an E.
coli UTI were retrospectively reviewed. Utilizing
demographic and clinical data the prevalence of E.
coli resistance and risk factors associated with
SMX-TMP- and fluoroquinolone-resistant infection
were determined.
Results: Among the 222 patients, the mean rates of
E. coli susceptibility to levofloxacin and SMX-TMP
were 82.4% and 72.5%, respectively. Significant
risk factors for resistance to SMX-TMP included
prior antibiotic use (p=0.04) and prior diagnosis of
UTI (p= 0.01). Significant risk factors for resistance
to levofloxacin included: male gender, age,
presence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic
respiratory disease, nursing home resident,
previous antibiotic use, previous diagnosis of UTI,
existence of renal or genitourinary abnormalities,
and prior surgical procedures (p <0.05 for all
comparisons). The number of hospital days prior to
initial ED evaluation (p<0.001) was determined to
be a predictive factor in hospital and ED
readmission.
Conclusions: These results suggest that
conventional approaches to monitoring for patterns
of susceptibility may be inadequate. It is imperative
that practitioners develop novel approaches to
identifying patients with risk factors for resistance.
Identification of risk factors from this evaluation
should prompt providers to scrutinize the use of these agents in the setting of patients presenting
with an uncomplicated UTI in the ED.Antecedentes: Escherichia coli (E. coli) es un
uropatogeno frecuente en infecciones del tracto
urinario (UTI). Se ha reconocido la resistencia
generalizada al sulfametoxazol-Trimetoprim
(SMX-TMP) y la resistencia creciente a
fluoroquinolonas entre los aislados. Hay datos
limitados que muestren los factores de riesgo para
la resistencia tanto a SMX-TMP como a
fluoroquinolonas.
Objetivos: Este estudio fue realizado para evaluar
la prevalencia de resistencia en la comunidad en
aislamientos de E. coli a SMX-TMP y
levofloxacino en pacientes ambulatorios dados de
alta en un servicio de urgencias (ED).
Métodos: Se revisó retrospectivamente a los
adultos que se presentaron para evaluación y fueron
dados de alta del ED con un diagnóstico de una
UTI con E. coli. Utilizando datos demográficos y
clínicos se calculó la prevalencia de resistencias a
E. coli y los factores de riesgo asociados a
infecciones resistentes a SMX-TMP y
fluoroquinolonas.
Resultados: Entre los 222 pacientes, las tasas
medias de susceptibilidad a levofloxacino y SMXTMP
fueron de 82,4% y 72,5%, respectivamente.
Los factores de riesgo significativos para la
resistencia a SMX-TMP incluían el uso previo del
antibiótico (p=0,04) y el diagnóstico previo de UTI
(p=0,01). Los factores de riesgo significativos para
resistencia a levofloxacino incluían sexo masculino,
edad, presencia de hipertensión, diabetes,
enfermedad respiratoria crónica, vivir en residencia
de ancianos, uso previo del antibiótico, diagnóstico
previo de UTI, existencia de anomalías renales o
genitourinarias , y cirugías previas (p<0,05 para
todas las asociaciones). El número de días
anteriores a la evaluación inicial en el ED
(p<0,001) se identificó como un factor predictivo
de readmisión hospitalaria y al ED. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sugieren que los
abordajes convencionales para monitorizar los
patrones de susceptibilidad pueden ser inadecuados.
Es necesario que los facultativos desarrollen nuevos
abordajes para identificar pacientes con factores de
riesgo de resistencias. La identificación de los
factores de riesgo para esta evaluación debería
impulsar a los profesionales a examinar el uso de
estos antibióticos en los pacientes que presentan
una UTI no complicada en el ED

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Prevalence and risk factor analysis of resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infections in the emergency department

https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&amp;context=emergency_facpub

Improving the Description of Lateral Shower Profiles in the FoCal Detector Prototype

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