Póster elaborado para el WCRP Open Science Conference celebrado en Denver del 24 al 28 de octubre de 201

Cuadrat, José María

Estrela, María José

García-Haro, Francisco Javier

Gilabert, M. A.

Guijarro, José Antonio

Martín-Vide, Javier

Martínez, B.

Meliá, J.

Moreno, Ana

Pérez-Hoyos, A.

Valero Rodríguez, Francisco

English

Meliá Miralles, Joaquín

Guijarro Pastor, José Antonio

Estrela Navarro, María José

Martínez Díaz, Beatriz

Gilabert, María Amparo

Pérez-Hoyos, Ana

Agencia Estatal de Meteorología

Recent advances in the interrelationship of vegetation and climate in Spain J. Meliá, J. Martin-Vide * , F. Va lero, J.M. Cuadrat, J.A. Guijarro, M.J. Estrela, B. Martínez, M.A. Gilabert, F.J. García-Haro, A. Moreno, A . Perez- Hoyos WCRP Spanish committee lntroduction The terrest rial biosphere is one of t he most crit ica! and complex components of the climate system, regulat ing ! luxes of energy, water and aerosols between the earth surface and at mosphere. The terrest rial biosphere also is cent ral to biogeochemist ry of our planet, most ly wi t h regard to t he global carbon and nit rogen cycles. Part icularl y, vegetat ion plays an importan! role in the interact ion between biosphere and at mosphere . Vegetat ion regulates energy exchange between t he land biosphere and at mosphere, determines t he hyd rological processes and, t hrough photosynthesis, f ixes at mospheric carbon dioxide in t he biomass. Thus, a better understand ing of vegetat ion response to climate variabili t y is crucial. The purpose of t his work is to synthesize t he progress t hat has recent ly been made in understand ing t he at mosphere/vegetat ion interrelat ion ships by t he WCRP Spanish committee usi ng remate sensi ng. Remate sensi ng techn ique plays a majar role in !he study of !he biosphere processes by providing informat ion on t he spat ial and temporal varia t ion s of many Eart h processes at regional and global scale. Studies in Spain Regional Scale: Several stud ies are presented to quantitat ivel y analyze changes in vegetat ion rela ted to precipitat ion. The anal ysis is performed usi ng difieren! data set s (NOAA-AVHRR and MOD IS-Terra ) and along two difieren! period s (1989-2002 and 2000-2009) (Example A). The vulnerabili ty of natu ral ecosystems against the effect s of climate f luctuation s like drought is presented. Special attent ion is given to semiarid areas where vegetat ion is used asan ind icator of landscape degrada! ion (Mart ínez & Gil abert, 2009; Pérez-Hoyos et al., 2010). Examples A. Vulnerability of Spain natural ecosystems to climate fluctuactions The inter-annual changes on the NDVI NOAA-AVHRR database (MEDOKADS) was analyzed along the period 1989-2002 using a multi-resolution analysis {MRA) based on the wavelet transform {WT) Results show that the MRA provides relevant information about vegetation dynamics at regional scale, such as the magnitud e of the land-cover change . The latter, in combination with precipitation data , has been used to interpret the observed land-cover changes and identify those subtle changes associated to land degradation (Figure 2 left) . Figure 2 (right) shows the ldentification of land-cover changes associated with only negative trends . Red color depicts losses of vegetation cover associated to land degradation, which is affecting areas such as Almería and Murcia (A), Alicante (B) and Castilla-La Mancha (C) Figure l. Trend of the SPI index computed from 59 SPI data by using the kriging method over the period 1989-2002 Figure 2. Magnitude of the land-cover change (left) and identification of negative trends a long with clima tic data (right) B. Carbon net fluxes of the Spanish forests Forests have an importa nt ro te in regulat ing bot h water and carbo n cyc tes . Th e necessity for mo nitor ing and quant ifying t he amount of carbon accumulated w it hin forests has increased in t he last decade Th is example shows an opt im ized remate sensing-based procedu res to est imate mont hly C0 2 fl uxes in Spanish forests based on (1) Est imat io n of dai ly global ra diat io n and PAR, (2) est imat ion of daily fi lte red jAPAR (3) est imat ion of t he RUE coefficient (F igure S), and (4) incor porat io n of opt imized forest la nd cover in for mat ion + :::..:.:;_:::;; .-::-: ·. + :::..:.:;_:::;; .-:·: ·. Figure 6. Examples of monthlyGPP estimated for two different seasons. Grey: non-foresta l areas. REFERENCES: GPP ~"' Figure 5. Methodologyproposed to derive monthlyGPP at 1 km for the Spanish forests. Moreover, forest present ly serves as a majar net si nk of at mospheric carbon being of great releva nce to control the interchanges between vegetat ion and atmosphere. In th is sense, an example of the modeling of regiona l carbon net ! luxes of the Spanish forest s f rom remate sensi ng is shown (Example B). Local Scale: Difieren! exercises have been carried out in arder to get a deep insight in the rel at ion between vegetat ion and atmosphere, part icu larl y on land degraded areas . A local study is presented in Valencia region (Example C) (E st rela et al., 2009). Other example is the classification based on the Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs) - i.e. units that group similarly functioning ecosystem based on functional att ributes such as productivity or fluxes of matter and energy. EFTs were derived based on different satellite-based parameters from MODIS multitemporal data along the period 2000-2009 (Figure 3) . Different metrics from fractional vegetation cover (FVC) which capture the phenological patterns are included Other variables considered are the moisture index which is an indicator of the supply of water relative to the demand An algorithm based on self-organizative (SOM) combined with k-means was used to derive the functional diversity of the main and most representative ecosystems in the lberian Peninsula (Figure 3) EFTS show a decreasing biomass gradient from northwest to southeast in the lberian Peninsula (Figure 4). Northern areas occupied by broa dleaf forests, ecosystems with high biomass and low intra-annual variability {cluster 4). Southwest areas present functional ecosystems with low biomass and high intra-annual variability (cluster 8), usually sparse vegetation . The dominant EFTs, cluster S (9 .4%) and cluster 1 (7 .5%) occupy the central area of the Peninsula , and are closely related to crop areas with low biomass, high intra-annual variability and peaks in late spring Figure 3. Flowchart of the methodologyused for derived the EFTs. The good potent ial for fog water co llect ion at certa in mo un ta inous locat ions has lea d to considered th is new and easily availab le water as a resource for the reforestat ion of remate areas where la nd degradat ion has occurred after t he long-term effects of f ire The experimental plot, located in an in la nd moun ta inous area of t he Va lencia reg io n, covers an area of abo ut 2500 m2 . In 1979 a great wi ld f ire burned aro und 30000 ha of m ixed mature pin e forest ma inl y dominated by mar it ime pin E {Pinus pinaster) and, in a lesser extent, Aleppo pin e (P ha/epensis) . Vegetat ion recovere d after t he wi ld f ire w ith an abrupt cha nge in species domina nce and community structure Seed ling surv ival rate of bot h spec ies was high in relat ion to other f ie ld experiments co nducted on in t he same area . Ho lm oak respo nd ed to water pu lses increasing seedling surv iva l both w it h and w it ho ut biosol id applicat ion. Marit ime pin e showed a tren d to increase seed ling survival w ith t he water pulses on ly in t he fertil ized seedlings 1 Figure 7. Rates (l/m2/day) of rainfall and fog (horizontal precipitation) for 2007. fi ~ll r • S.R• Iativ • ~ r owth r at. (munand standard • rror ofa ll sllrvivir~~: individ11alsl of Pir~us pir~ ashr (topl and Qu~rcus ilu (bottoml .. • d lin ~• from lat. sprir~~: to wint. r in r• lation to f • rt iliration (FI and Wat• r plll .. s (Witru tm•nts Gilabert , M.A., Maselli, F. , Mart ínez, B., Moreno, A., Camacho, F. , Chiesi, M., García -Haro, F.J., Meliá,J., Pérez-Hoyos, A., Verger, A. 2010. A remate sensingstudy offorests to estima te biophysical indica tors and moni tor COl fluxes in Spain: the ÁRTEMISproject . Proceedingof the Third recent advances in quantitative re mote sensing, 27-September-10ctober, Torren t. Spain, 471-476, pp Pérez-Hoyos, A., García -Haro, F.J., Mart ínez, B., Gilabert , M.A. 2010. Ecosvstem functional characteriza tion in the lberian Peninsula. Proceedingofthe Third recentadvances inquantitative remote sensirg, 27-September-10ctober, Torren t. Spain, 591-596, pp Mart ínez, B., Gilabert , M.A. 2009. Vegetation dynamics from NDVI time series analysis using the wavelet transform, RemoteSensingo/Environment, 113, 1823-1842 Estrela, M.J., Valien te,J .A., Corell, D., Fuen tes, D., D. Valdecan tos .2009. Prospective use of collected fog wa ter in the restora tion of degraded burned areasunder dry Medi terranean condi tions. AgriculturolandForestMeteorology, 149,1896-1906 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work has been supported by 'Programa de actividades del WCRP-Comité Español' (PCI2006-AS-0558), M inisterio de Educa ción y Ciencia 

Recent advances in the interrelationship of vegetation and climate in Spain

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Recent advances in the interrelationship of vegetation and climate in Spain

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