Borch, Odd Jarl

Kjerstad, Norvald

English

World Maritime University

OFFSHORE	  OIL	  AND	  GAS	  OPERATIONS	  IN	  ICE	  INFESTED	  WATERS	  -­‐resource	  configura=ons	  and	  process	  management	  demands	  Odd	  Jarl	  Borch	  and	  	  Norvald	  Kjerstad	  Background	  	  •  Interest	  for	  oil	  resources	  in	  High	  North	  sea	  areas	  	  •  Oil	  and	  gas	  explora7on	  and	  exploita7on	  a	  high	  complexity	  ac7vity	  •  Special	  challenges	  in	  High	  North	  regions:	  – Remoteness	  from	  infrastructure	  – Unpredictable	  weather	  – Fluctua7ng	  ice	  condi7ons	  	  – Less	  researched	  area	  – Limited	  experience	  Research	  ques=ons	  1.  Different	  paGerns	  of	  resource	  configura7on:	  a)  Vessel	  categories	  b)  Vessel	  func7onality	  and	  capacity	  c)  Competence	  of	  running	  vessels	  2.  How	  the	  context	  of	  ice	  infested	  waters	  and	  High	  North	  loca7on	  of	  ac7vity	  influence	  on	  resource	  configura7on	  3.  The	  influence	  of	  context	  and	  resource	  configura7on	  on	  opera7onal	  process	  management	  a)  Logis7cs	  b)  Ice	  handling	  c)  Emergency	  preparedness	  Methodology	  •  Design	  –  In-­‐depth	  studies	  of	  explora7on	  drilling	  in	  two	  sea	  areas:	  •  Disco	  Area,	  Baffin	  bay,	  West	  coast	  of	  Greenland	  •  Kara	  Sea,	  North	  West	  Russia	  •  Data	  collec7on	  –  observa7on	  studies	  –  Interviews	  –  Reports,	  document	  studies	  •  Analyses	  –  Comparing	  technical	  specifica7ons	  of	  	  vessels	  –  Qualita7ve	  assessment	  of	  capabili7es	  in	  the	  two	  sea	  areas	  	  Analyses	  –context	  and	  vessel	  resources	  West	  Greenland	   Kara	  Sea	  Number	  of	  licenses	   Limited	   Limited	  Number	  of	  operators	   One	   Two	  	  Experience	  of	  operator	   Low	   High	  Government	  demands	  	   High	   Mediocre	  Nature	  	   Fog,	  icy	  bits,	  icebergs	   Dri[	  ice,	  ice	  bergs	  Infrastructure-­‐distance	  to	  base	   Aasiat-­‐15	  hours	   Murmansk-­‐four	  days	  Infrastructure	  –	  helicopter	  bases	   One	  hour	   none	  Drilling	  rigs	  (ice	  class)	   Two	  (no	  ice	  class)	   One	  (no	  ice	  class)	  Anchor	  handling	  vessels	  (AHTV)	   Four	   Six	  	  AHTV	  with	  ice	  breaker	  capacity	   Four	  	   Four	  	  Depot	  and	  hospital	  vessel	   One	   	  one	  Plaaorm	  supply	  vessels	  (PSV)	   Three	  	   Three	  +AHTVs	  Emergency	  response/oil	  recovery	  vessels	   Two	  +	  AHTV/PSV+heli	   One+AHTV/PSV	  Surveillance	  plane	   None	   	  one	  Totalt	  number	  of	  units	   11	  (2	  rigs,	  9	  vessels)	  	   14	  (1	  rig/13	  vessels)	  MPSV	  Troms	  Vision	  	  VS	  495	  Kleven	   PSV	  Troms	  Pollux	  	  VS	  485	  Hellesøy	  	  	  VESSEL	  RESOURCES	  WEST-­‐GREENLAND	  	  SUMMER	  2010	  AHTS	  icebreaker	  Fennica	  	  STX,	  Finland	  	  AHTS	  icebreaker	  Balder/Vidar	  Viking	  KMAR808	  Havyard	   AHTS	  Loke	  Viking	  VS4622	  Spain	  Drilling	  ship	  Stena	  Forth	  	  +	  Stena	  Don	  semi-­‐sub.	  ERRV	  Esvagt	  Don/Challenger	  Greenland	  –fog	  30%	  of	  =me	  in	  Summer	  months-­‐	  visibility	  0,5	  nm	  	  Military	  Restric7on	  Zone	  Military	  Restric7on	  Zone	  Russian	  Arc7c	  Reserve	  Many	  challenges	  and	  ques=ons	  •  Ice	  •  No	  ice	  strengthening	  or	  winteriza7on	  on	  rig	  •  Restricted	  areas	  •  Communica7ons	  •  Remoteness	  •  Poli7cal	  •  No	  helicopter	  	  •  Crew	  change	  	  West	  Alpha	  Norvald©Kjerstad Glaciers	  50	  –	  60	  nm	  away	  Ice	  defense	  process	  management	  Ice	  Defense	  	  •  Towrope	  •  Townet	  	  Floa7ng	  towrope	  Norvald©Kjerstad Organiza(on	  and	  communica(on	  between	  units	  in	  the	  Kara	  Sea	  opera(on	  Process	  management	  	  	  	   CASE	  1	  WEST	  GREENLAND	   CASE	  2	  KARA	  SEA	  THE	  LOGISTICS	  PROCESS	  	  	  	  	  	  Coordina7on	  through	  local	  logis7cs	  personnel	  	  Use	  of	  local	  distributor	  for	  base-­‐to-­‐base	  transport	  Much	  planning	  to	  secure	  all	  resources	  available.	  Had	  to	  take	  care	  of	  everything	  within	  opera7on	  Long	  distance	  and	  cross	  border	  customs	  difficul7es	  THE	  ICE	  HANDLING	  PROCESS	  	  Challenges	  related	  to	  transport	  due	  to	  bergy	  bits	  in	  transport	  lanes	  Heavier	  icebergs	  a	  challenge	  for	  less	  experienced	  AHTVs	  Challenging	  to	  plan	  opera7on	  due	  limited	  dri[	  ice	  dynamics	  data	  (start	  /	  end	  of	  season)	  Exclusion	  from	  glazier	  fronts	  due	  to	  military	  regula7ons	  THE	  PREPAREDNESS	  PROCESS	  	  	  	  Limited	  capacity	  on	  oil	  spill	  preparedness.	  Limited	  government	  capacity	  Limited	  local	  capacity	  on	  all	  levels.	  Limited	  government	  capacity	  Findings	  (1):	  	  Context	  and	  resource	  configura=on	  	  1.  ERRV-­‐Posi7ve	  rela7on	  between	  a)	  lack	  of	  government	  preparedness	  infrastructure,	  b)	  public	  and	  government	  awareness	  and	  emergency	  preparedness	  on	  SAR	  and	  oil	  spill	  risk	  reduc7on	  (ERRV	  and	  mul7-­‐func7onal	  AHTV	  and	  PSV	  vessels)	  2.  AHTV-­‐Posi7ve	  rela7on	  between	  a)	  ice	  risk,	  b)	  lack	  of	  oil	  rigs	  with	  ice	  strengtening	  and	  AHTV	  with	  ice	  breaker	  capacity	  3.  PSV-­‐Posi7ve	  rela7on	  between	  a)	  number	  of	  rigs,	  b)	  distance	  to	  base	  and	  technical	  service	  resources,	  c)	  fog	  and	  icy	  bits/flakes	  and	  the	  need	  for	  a)	  PSVs	  and	  b)	  depot	  vessel	  capacity	  	  4.  Rig-­‐	  Posi7ve	  rela7on	  between	  stakeholder	  conflicts	  and	  the	  need	  for	  addi7onal	  rig	  capacity	  due	  to	  delay	  risks	  Findings	  (2):	  Context,	  Resource	  configura=on	  and	  Business	  process	  management	  1.  The	  High	  North	  context	  (nature	  and	  stakeholders)	  together	  with	  high	  spec.	  resource	  configura7on	  increases	  a)	  complexity	  and	  b)	  unpredictability	  of	  opera7on	  2.  Complexity	  and	  unpredictability	  call	  for	  addi7onal	  business	  processes	  with	  overlap	  and	  redundancy	  3.  Special	  coordina7on	  units	  have	  to	  be	  developed	  to	  integrate	  processes	  at	  shore	  and	  ashore	  4.  The	  increased	  unpredictability	  calls	  for	  a)	  increased	  capability	  for	  process	  adapta7on	  b)	  a	  high	  degree	  of	  boGom	  up	  management	  with	  autonomy	  and	  c)	  improvisa7on	  skills	  	  Conclusion	  	  •  Opera7on	  in	  the	  High	  North	  is	  «not	  business	  as	  usual»	  •  Resource	  configura7on	  is	  a	  technical	  specifica7on	  challenge	  and	  costly	  	  •  Need	  for	  high	  tech	  vessels	  with	  mul7-­‐func7onality	  (ice	  strengthened,	  emergency	  func7ons	  (SAR,	  Fi-­‐fi,	  ORO),	  communica7on	  equip.,	  storage,	  crane,	  ROV,	  hotel)	  •  Important	  business	  process	  management	  areas	  include	  logis7cs,	  ice	  handling	  and	  emergency	  preparedness	  •  There	  is	  a	  need	  for	  competent	  teams	  with	  specialized	  qualifica7ons	  and	  a	  well-­‐func7oning	  task	  force	  organiza7on	  	  Implica=ons	  •  Long	  range	  planning	  and	  training	  crucial	  for	  the	  operators	  and	  subcontractors	  •  Limited	  amount	  of	  vessel	  resources	  available	  •  Has	  to	  be	  prepared	  for	  the	  unknown	  through	  broad	  knowledge	  and	  training	  of	  personnel	  	  •  The	  government	  has	  to	  introduce	  safeguarding	  measures	  in	  the	  interests	  of	  the	  different	  stakeholders	  of	  the	  area	  (owners,	  crew,	  environment,	  communi7es)	  well	  in	  advance	  •  Need	  for	  more	  intensive	  research	  and	  knowledge	  development	  before	  accep7ng	  access	  to	  new	  licenses	  in	  ice	  infested	  waters	  

Offshore oil and gas operations in ice infested water-service vessel configuration, ice management and managerial roles - a comparative study of operations in the West Greenland and the Kara Sea

https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&amp;context=shiparc

Offshore oil and gas operations in ice infested water-service vessel configuration, ice management and managerial roles - a comparative study of operations in the West Greenland and the Kara Sea

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