Fuessel, Jessika

English

World Maritime University

Oil  Spill  Response  in  the  Arc1c	  Dr	  Jessika	  Fuessel	  Technical	  adviser	  ITOPF	  	  ShipArc	  2015	  •  1969	  •  Not	  for	  profit	  organisaEon	  •  Principal	  purpose	  of	  providing	  technical	  advice	  on	  marine	  oils	  spill	  response	  Introduc1on  to  ITOPFITOPF	  MEMBERS	  ITOPF  Members  &  Associates• Virtually	  all	  the	  world’s	  bulk	  oil,	  chemical	  &	  gas	  carrier	  tonnage	  •  	  >90%	  world	  fleet	  of	  other	  types	  of	  ships	  (given	  associate	  status	  since	  1999)	  ITOPF	  MEMBERS	  ITOPF  Resources•  33	  staff	  including	  14	  acEve	  spill	  responders	  •  AWended	  >	  700	  incidents	  in	  100	  countries	  •  In-­‐house	  database	  and	  technical	  library	  •  French,	  Spanish,	  Mandarin	  Chinese,	  German,	  Italian	  and	  Portuguese	  ITOPF	  MEMBERS	  Role  on  Site• Provide	  technical	  advice	  and	  promote	  effec7ve	  response	  strategies	  • Assist	  with	  securing	  equipment	  &	  organising	  clean-­‐up	  • Monitor	  spill	  response	  &	  invesEgate	  damage	  to	  resources	  • Promote	  underlying	  principles	  of	  interna7onal	  compensa7on	  regime	  Oil  Fade  and  Behaviour  Modified	  a^er	  Bobra	  and	  Fingas,	  1986	  Detec1on  of  OilSLAR/SAR	  Aerial	  Surveillance	  GPR	   AUV	  Response  Opera1ons• Mechanical	  recovery	  	  • Dispersion	  •  In-­‐situ	  burning	  Containement,	  viscosity	  •  Specialized	  response	  equipment	  • Containment	  • Waste	  storage,	  treatment	  and	  deposiEon	  Pictures:	  SINTEF	  Response  Opera1ons• Mechanical	  recovery	  	  • Dispersion	  •  In-­‐situ	  burning	  Turbulence	  •  Specialized	  response	  equipment	  • Window	  of	  opportunity	  • Oil	  type	  • Regulatory	  approval	  • Mixing	  energy	  Picture:	  SINTEF	  Response  Opera1ons• Mechanical	  recovery	  	  • Dispersion	  •  In-­‐situ	  burning	  >	  1-­‐2	  mm	  slick	  thickness	  • Containment,	  slick	  thickness	  • Regulatory	  approval	  • Window	  of	  opportunity	  • Oil	  type	  • Residues	  •  Smoke	  plume	  Picture:	  SINTEF	  Natural  Recovery• Oil	  type	  volume	  and	  persistence	  •  Trajectory,	  interacEon	  with	  ice	  •  SensiEve	  resources	  • Net	  environmental	  benefit	  analysis	  • May	  be	  only	  prac7cal	  possibility	  Arc1c  Features  • Cold	  temperatures	  •  Ice	  cover	  • Remoteness	  • Unpredictability	  (Weather/Ice)	  •  Strong	  seasonality	  •  Light	  condiEons	  	  	  	  	  	  •  Slower	  spreading	  •  Less	  evaporaEon	  à Wider	  opera7onal	  window	  •  Impeded	  mechanical	  recovery	  •  reduced	  effecEveness	  of	  dispersants	  •  WinterizaEon	  à	  Restricted	  opera7onal	  possibili7es	  	  TemperaturesC°	  cSt	  •  P	  •  PPE	  (Hypothermia)	  •  Medical	  care	  •  Warm	  accommodaEon	  •  Restricted	  working	  hours	  à	  Safety,	  efficiency,	  costs	  	  	  	  •  Natural	  containment	  	  •  Reduced	  spreading	  à  In	  situ	  burning,	  mechanical	  recover	  •  Dampened	  waves	  	  à No	  natural	  dispersion	  	  	  Sea-­‐ice  Cover•  PotenEally	  hazardous	  •  Unpredictable	  (depending	  on	  locaEon)	  •  Specialized	  skills	  	  •  Transport	  	  •  à	  Logis7cal	  and	  safety	  challange	  	  	  	  	  	  	  	  •  Equipment	  (ships,	  skimmer,	  pumps	  etc.)	  •  Transport	  (safety,	  Eme,	  costs)	  •  Waste	  disposal	  (storage,	  disposal,	  treatment)	  	  •  CommunicaEons	  	  à	  Costs,	  prac7cability,	  logis7cs	  	  	  Remoteness	  •  Sourcing	  Manpower	  (local	  volounteers)	  •  ArcEc	  (survival)	  skills	  •  Health	  and	  Safety	  	  •  AccomodaEon	  •  Support	  and	  subsistence	  of	  workers	  à	  Costs,	  risks,	  logis7cs	  	  Key  Ques1ons•  Is	  a	  response	  possible?	  •  Is	  a	  response	  necessary?	  • What	  are	  the	  response	  opEons?	  • What	  are	  the	  operaEonal	  challenges?	  Conclusion•  PrevenEon	  •  Preparedness	  •  Flexibility	  •  CooperaEon	  •  Technical	  development	  •  Risk	  Assessment	  procedure	  www.itopf.com	  Is  a  response  possible?•  Environmental	  condiEons	  and	  season	  •  Ice	  cover,	  mobility	  and	  stability	  •  LogisEcs	  of	  access	  and	  waste	  removal	  etc.	  • Health	  and	  Safety	  (darkness,	  exposure,	  wildlife,	  snow	  and	  ice)	  •  Sources	  of	  labour,	  equipment	  and	  supplies	  • AccommodaEon,	  subsistence,	  communicaEons,	  medical	  cover,	  etc.	  • Relevant	  permits,	  pre-­‐approved	  techniques	  Is  a  response  necessary?• Amount,	  type	  and	  locaEon	  of	  oil	  • PotenEal	  for	  secondary	  contaminaEon	  following	  remobilisaEon	  of	  oil	  •  Ecologically	  and	  socio-­‐economically	  sensiEve	  resources	  	  •  Indigenous	  populaEons	  and	  subsistence	  resources	  • Wildlife	  • High	  degree	  of	  seasonal	  variability	  in	  resource	  use,	  locaEon	  and	  sensiEvity	  Shoreline  Clean-­‐up•  SensiEve	  shoreline	  types	  • Access,	  equipment/manpower	  availability,	  health	  and	  safety	  • Waste	  management	  	  •  Seasonality	  Picture	  courtesy:	  SINTEF	  Picture	  courtsey:	  ENTROPI	  SAS	  

Oil spill response in Arctic environments

https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&amp;context=shiparc

Oil spill response in Arctic environments

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