Baldauf, Michael

Wright, R. Glenn

English

World Maritime University

Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance R. Glenn Wright GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  ArcBc	  Environmment	  ShipArc	  2015	  	  WMU	  –	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  R.	  Glenn	  Wright	  p1301@wmu.se glenn@gmatek.com Dr.-­‐Ing.	  Michael	  Baldauf	  mbf@wmu.se Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance Groundings are one of the most likely causes of ship casualties and causes of pollution.  Topics	  •  The	  Arc5c	  Region	  •  Vessel	  Groundings	  •  Special	  Naviga5on	  Considera5ons	  in	  the	  Arc5c	  •  Enhanced	  Environmental	  Situa5onal	  Awareness	  •  Grounding	  Avoidance	  Strategies	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  The Arctic Routes Northern	  Sea	  Route	  • Kara	  Gate	  to	  Bering	  Sea	  • 12.5m	  Controlling	  Depth	  • 6	  of	  16	  Large	  Marine	  Ecosystems	  Northwest	  Passage	  • Baffin	  Bay	  to	  Bering	  Strait	  • 10m	  Controlling	  Depth	  • 4	  of	  16	  Large	  Marine	  Ecosystems	  	  Coastal	  NavigaBon	  amongst	  Archipelagos	  in	  Shallow	  Seas.	  	  71.1%	  of	  ArcBc	  depths	  are	  unassessed	  by	  hydrographic	  survey.	  	  Arc5c	  Marine	  Transport	  Workshop,	  2004,	  USARC	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Vessel Groundings in the Arctic Shipping	  CasualBes	  	  	  	  	  (Allianz	  Global	  Corporate	  &	  Specialty,	  Safety	  and	  Shipping	  Review,	  2014)	  •  2002-­‐2007:	  	  7	  (total)	  •  2009-­‐2013:	  	  45	  per	  year	  (average)	  •  Groundings	  one	  of	  most	  frequent	  of	  shipping	  casual5es	  Total	  Losses	  •  Increasing	  Loss	  Rates	  	  Environmental	  Impact	  •  Oil/Chemical	  Spills	  •  Container	  Losses	  •  Cost	  of	  Remedia5on	   2002-11 2012 3.1% 5.1% 4.3% 2013 Total Losses (Arctic vs Worldwide) GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Factors	  that	  make	  ArcBc	  NavigaBon	  Difficult	  •  Lack	  of	  Physical	  Aids	  to	  Naviga5on	  (e.g.,	  Buoys)	  	  •  Lack	  of	  Hydrographic	  Surveys	  /	  Inaccurate	  Nau5cal	  Charts	  • Electronic	  Chart	  Display	  and	  Informa5on	  Systems	  (ECDIS)	  • Communica5ons	  • Environmental	  Sensing	  • Poten5al	  for	  Terrorism	  Special Navigation Considerations GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Physical Aids to Navigation (after the Winter thaw) Special Navigation Considerations GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Lack	  of	  Hydrographic	  Survey	  /	  Inaccurate	  NauBcal	  Charts	  Uncharted	  FronBers	  Special Navigation Considerations GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Uncharted	  FronBers	  ParBally	  Surveyed	  Areas	  Special Navigation Considerations Lack	  of	  Hydrographic	  Survey	  /	  Inaccurate	  NauBcal	  Charts	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  XAreas	  that	  appear	  to	  be	  Well	  Surveyed	  Site	  of	  MSV	  Fennica	  Holing	  	  Lack	  of	  Hydrographic	  Survey	  /	  Inaccurate	  NauBcal	  Charts	  Special Navigation Considerations GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Electronic	  Chart	  Display	  and	  InformaBon	  System	  (ECDIS)	  • Category	  of	  Zone	  of	  Confidence	  (CATZOC)	  Ra5ng	  (IHO	  S-­‐57)	  	  	  	  Assurance	  that	  ENC	  data	  meets	  minimum	  depth	  and	  posi5on	  accuracy	  Most	  Arc5c	  ENC	  do	  not	  have	  a	  CATZOC	  ra5ng.	  •  If	  ENC	  have	  no	  Soundings	  Data,	  ECDIS	  is	  Useless.	  • ECDIS	  Safety	  Contour	  and	  Depth	  Alarms	  may	  be	  Unreliable.	  CommunicaBons	  •  Long	  Distances	  Favor	  Satellite	  and	  HF	  Communica5ons.	  	  	  	  	  Both	  can	  be	  unreliable	  in	  the	  Ar5c.	  • GNSS	  Unreliability	  /	  Lack	  of	  Mari5me	  Safety	  Informa5on.	  	  Special Navigation Considerations GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Environmental	  Sensing	  • Lack	  of	  Geographic	  Features/Buoys	  for	  Radar	  Naviga5on	  • Echo	  Sounder:	  Depth	  below	  the	  keel	  –	  and	  Nowhere	  Else	  PotenBal	  for	  Terrorism	  • Global	  Naviga5on	  Satellite	  System	  (GNSS)	  and	  	  	  	  	  	  Automa5c	  Iden5fica5on	  System	  (AIS)	  	  – Denial	  of	  Service	  Afacks	  – Spoofing	  (Taking	  control	  of	  a	  GNSS/AIS	  receiver)	  	  	  Special Navigation Considerations GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  1.   Your	  GNSS	  may	  not	  provide	  you	  with	  reliable	  posiBon	  informaBon,	  2.   There	  are	  few,	  if	  any,	  physical	  features	  or	  buoys	  you	  can	  use	  to	  navigate	  using	  Radar,	  3.   Even	  if	  you	  know	  your	  posiBon,	  your	  chart	  is	  unreliable	  and	  may	  even	  be	  blank,	  	  4.   You	  probably	  know	  the	  depth	  of	  the	  water	  below	  the	  keel	  (but	  even	  Columbus	  and	  Magellan	  knew	  that	  using	  a	  leaded	  line),	  and	  5.   Someone	  may	  purposely	  be	  trying	  to	  mislead	  you!	  A Short Summary of Your Situation while Navigating in the Arctic… …	  a	  possible	  soluBon	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness WMU	  Research:	  Ship-­‐Centric,	  Dynamic	  Virtual	  Aids	  to	  NavigaBon	  	  	  This	  research	  is	  intended	  to	  assist	  and	  improve	  vessel	  naviga5on	  in	  uncharted	  and	  poorly	  charted	  geographic	  regions,	  and	  in	  loca5ons	  where	  physical	  aids	  to	  naviga5on	  do	  not	  exist	  and/or	  placement	  is	  not	  possible:	  • The	  Arc5c	  and	  remote	  loca5ons,	  • Tropical	  regions	  amongst	  coral	  reefs,	  • Natural	  disaster	  and	  war	  zones…	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Advanced	  Technology	  •  Forward-­‐Looking	  Sonar	  –  Provides	  Real-­‐5me	  Visualiza5on	  to	  1,000m	  Forward	  the	  Bow	  –  Detects	  (Charted	  and	  Uncharted)	  Rocks,	  Ledges	  and	  Reefs	  –  Detects	  In-­‐Water	  Hazards	  to	  Naviga5on	  •  Virtual	  electronic	  Aids	  to	  NavigaBon	  (VAtoN)	  –  Supplement	  exis5ng	  Physical	  AtoN	  –  Can	  be	  placed	  where	  Physical	  AtoN	  and	  AIS-­‐based	  VAtoN	  Cannot	  –  Not	  subject	  to	  AIS-­‐AtoN	  infrastructure	  /	  VHF	  Radio	  Range	  Limits	  •  Georeferencing	  –  Naviga5on	  using	  Bearings	  to	  Sea	  Bofom	  Topography	  –  Provides	  Independent	  Means	  to	  Verify	  VAtoN	  Placement	  –  Not	  Reliant	  upon	  GNSS	  /	  Not	  Subject	  to	  GNSS	  Limita5ons	  Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Forward-­‐Looking	  Sonar	  •  Visualize	  Bofom	  Topography	  in	  Real	  Time	  to	  1,000	  m.	  •  Detec5on	  of	  Reefs,	  Ledges	  and	  Hazards	  to	  Naviga5on.	  Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  VAtoN can be dynamic based on physical vessel characteristics and requirements. 5m draft 2m draft VAtoN are placed using soundings in accordance with U.S. Aids to Navigation System. •  Lateral     • Information •  Non-Lateral    • Special •  Regulatory IALA-A and IALA-B Supported. Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness VAtoN	  Placement	  on	  ENC/ECDIS	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  11th	  Interna5onal	  Conference	  on	  Marine	  Naviga5on	  and	  Safety	  of	  Sea	  Transporta5on,	  TransNav	  2015,	  Gdynia,	  Poland	  Physical Characteristics of Virtual Aids to Navigation	  Georeferencing to Bottom Topology Forward-Looking Sonar  and/or Hydrographic Sonar Wireframe Model Depth Soundings Point Cloud  New Machine-Readable Layer in ENC/ECDIS Enhanced Environmental Situational Awareness GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  M/V	  Clipper	  Adventurer	  Grounding	  on	  Ledge,	  Canada	  (22AUG2010)	  Grounding Avoidance Strategies •  FL	  Sonar	  would	  have	  provided	  approximately	  2	  minutes	  warning.	  •  VAtoN	  placed	  before	  the	  ledge	  would	  have	  been	  visible	  on	  ECDIS.	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Grounding Avoidance Strategies M/V	  Exxon	  Valdez	  Grounding	  on	  Bligh	  Reef,	  USA	  (24MAR1989)	  •  FL	  Sonar	  would	  have	  provided	  approximately	  3	  minutes	  warning.	  •  VAtoN	  placed	  before	  the	  reef	  would	  have	  been	  visible	  on	  ECDIS.	  XGMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Grounding Avoidance Strategies M/V	  Rena	  Grounding	  on	  Astrolabe	  Reef,	  NZ	  (4OCT2011)	  •  FL	  Sonar	  would	  have	  provided	  approximately	  2	  minutes	  warning.	  •  VAtoN	  placed	  before	  the	  reef	  would	  have	  been	  visible	  on	  ECDIS.	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  Safe	  and	  Sustainable	  Shipping	  in	  a	  Changing	  Arc5c	  Environment,	  ShipArc	  2015,	  Malmö,	  Sweden	  Arctic Environment Preservation through Grounding Avoidance	  Grounding Avoidance Strategies M/V	  Costa	  Concordia	  Grounding	  on	  Scole	  Rocks,	  Italy	  (13JAN2012)	  •  FL	  Sonar	  would	  have	  provided	  approximately	  2	  minutes	  warning.	  •  VAtoN	  placed	  before	  the	  rocks	  would	  have	  been	  visible	  on	  ECDIS.	  GMATEK,	  Inc.	  GROUND	  MARINE	  AIR	  TECHNOLOGIES	  11th	  Interna5onal	  Conference	  on	  Marine	  Naviga5on	  and	  Safety	  of	  Sea	  Transporta5on,	  TransNav	  2015,	  Gdynia,	  Poland	  Physical Characteristics of Virtual Aids to Navigation	  •  Technology	  provides	  new	  opportuniBes	  to	  increase	  mariBme	  safety	  in	  poorly-­‐charted	  fronBers	  of	  the	  ArcBc.	  •  Forward-­‐looking	  (FL)	  Sonar	  is	  currently	  available	  as	  commercial	  off-­‐the-­‐shelf	  equipment	  ready	  for	  vessel	  installaBon.	  •  There	  are	  currently	  no	  IMO	  carriage	  requirements	  for	  FL-­‐Sonar,	  despite	  the	  advantages	  provided	  by	  this	  technology.	  The	  Polar	  Code	  should	  be	  amended	  to	  require	  FL-­‐Sonar	  use	  in	  the	  ArcBc.	  •  The	  IMO	  e-­‐NavigaBon	  iniBaBve	  should	  have	  a	  path	  for	  the	  integraBon	  of	  new	  navigaBon	  technologies	  beyond	  ECDIS	  and	  AIS.	  •  Crowd-­‐sourcing	  FL-­‐Sonar	  data	  to	  naBonal	  hydrographic	  authoriBes	  can	  provide	  IHO	  Order	  1a/1b	  survey	  data	  with	  full	  bodom	  coverage	  to	  supplement	  official	  resources.	  •  Machine-­‐readable	  ENC	  layer	  containing	  high	  resoluBon	  survey	  data	  can	  provide	  an	  alternaBve	  method	  to	  verify	  both	  physical	  and	  virtual	  AtoN	  are	  “watching	  properly”	  in	  real	  Bme.	  Summary / Conclusions 

Arctic environment preservation through grounding avoidance

https://commons.wmu.se/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&amp;context=shiparc

Arctic environment preservation through grounding avoidance

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