Wide range interest in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) across the globe   Rapid growth has been stymied in the U.S. due to slow progression of integration and privacy concerns   U.S. may lose competitive advantage   Other countries provide opportunities for potential research and collaboratio

Ison, David C.

Terwilliger, B.

Vincenzi, D.

English

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

UAS regulation in foreign countries:  Alternatives to UAS operations in the United States.   Drs. D. Ison, B. Terwilliger, D. Vincenzi Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide   Wide range interest in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) across the globe  Rapid growth has been stymied in the U.S. due to slow progression of integration and privacy concerns  U.S. may lose competitive advantage  Other countries provide opportunities for potential research and collaboration The “Drones” are coming…  Many countries have been more open to UAS than the US  Australia  New Zealand  Japan  Brazil  Mexico  African nations   Others are more lenient, but still not “open”  Canada  UK Many Countries More “UAS User –Friendly”  Two groups: “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles” (commercial use) and “model aircraft” (recreational use).   Model aircraft: less than 77.2 pounds, individually owned (no companies allowed) and not profit-seeking.   “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles” and require Special Flight Operations certificates.  Canada  Much of mainland Europe operates under the jurisdiction of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA),   Need certification in any situation  Certification granted on a case-by-case basis  Requests proposing flight in unpopulated areas usually approved Mainland Europe  20 kg (or 44 pounds) – considered “small unmanned aircraft”   Needs “Permit to Fly” classification, which is relatively easy to acquire  Anything heavier or used for aerial photography requires a “Permit to Carry Out Aerial Work;” has tougher restrictions  E.g.: pilot qualification, design & construction certificates.  Privacy less of an issue due to differences in laws UK  An “Unmanned Aircraft System” profit-seeking “air work,”   Has requirements including pilot certification, but relatively easy to meet  Otherwise “model aircraft, flown for sport & recreation and education,” which essentially are not regulated (except VFR required)  Privacy loop hole – current law does not apply to individuals Australia  Very few limitations up to 25 kg (55 lbs)  No operations near airports, above 400’, line of sight (over 15 kg [33 lbs]) New Zealand  Brazil has become a leading player in UAV use  Uses UAVs to patrol its borders   No laws that cover civilian use Brazil  No Civil Aviation Authority regulations on UAV users in Mexico.   Actually encourage UAV use.   UASs used to monitor drug trafficking and university research. Mexico  UASs have been in use since 1980  Mainly agricultural purposes – in response to aging farming population Japan  No common rules outside agriculture  Relatively open but under development  Recently used in Fukushima disaster monitoring Japan  Relatively open slate  Continent wants drones  Agriculture  Wildlife monitoring  Medicine delivery  Military/enforcement purposes  Many places $$$ = yes          Africa  Manufacturers should utilize lax rules in foreign nations to research and test their vehicles  Research institutions should partner with schools or other organizations in countries with less regulation  Research into legislation and rules in other countries should be used to assist in the development of those items here in the U.S.  Use success stories / avoid errors Opportunities  Aerospace America. (2013). UAV roundup 2013. Retrieved from http://www.aerospaceamerica.org/Documents/AerospaceAmerica-PDFs-2013/July-August-2013/UAVRoundup2013t-AA-Jul-Aug2013.pdf  Civil Aviation Authority. (2013). Unmanned aircraft and aircraft systems. Retrieved from http://www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?CATID=1995  Civil Aviation Safety Authority. (2013). Unmanned aircraft systems. Retrieved from http://www.casa.gov.au/scripts/nc.dll?WCMS:STANDARD::pc=PC_100375  Garcia, Z. (2013). What flies when it comes to drone laws across the globe. Retrieved from http://www.missouridronejournalism.com/2013/04/what-flies-when-it-comes-to-drone-laws-across-the-globe/  Japan UAS Association. (2003). Civil UAV operations. Shizuoka, Japan: Yamaha.   Japan UAS Association. (2013). Home. Retrieved from http://www.juav.org/menu01/introduction_juav.html  Parsons, D. (2013). Booming aircraft industry straining to break free of regulations. National Defense, May.  Transport Canada. (2013). UAV. Retrieved from http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/general-recavi-brochures-uav-2270.htm   References 

UAS Regulation in Foreign Countries: Alternatives to UAS Operations in the United States

https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1061&amp;context=aircon

UAS Regulation in Foreign Countries: Alternatives to UAS Operations in the United States

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