Bridging the Knowledge Gap Between a Commercial Pilot and a Pilot Operating in an Air Carrier Environment

Adams, Barbara

English

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

National Training Aircraft Symposium (NTAS) 2016 - Pilot Supply, Regulatory Compliance, & Training Equipment Mar 14th, 10:30 AM ATP Certification Training Program Barbara Adams FAA, AFS-280 Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/ntas Adams, Barbara, "ATP Certification Training Program" (2016). National Training Aircraft Symposium (NTAS). 9. https://commons.erau.edu/ntas/2016/presentations/9 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in National Training Aircraft Symposium (NTAS) by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact commons@erau.edu. Presented to:By:Date:Federal AviationAdministrationATP Certification Training ProgramBridging the Knowledge Gap Between a Commercial Pilot and a Pilot Operating in an Air Carrier EnvironmentNTAS/PS&DSBarbara Adams, FAA, AFS-280March 14, 2016Federal AviationAdministrationAgenda• ATP CTP: From the Beginning– Timeline– FOQ ARC Report– Public Law 111-216– NPRM/Final Rule• Implementation: Where are we Today?– Process for Approval– Status of Program Approvals• What is on the Horizon?– Guidance Updates– Data2Federal AviationAdministrationATP CTP: From the BeginningHow a training requirement was born3Federal AviationAdministrationTimeline• Colgan Air Flight 3407 – February 2009• ANPRM – February 2010• First Officer Qualification ARC – July 2010• Public Law 111-216 – August 2010• NPRM – February 2012• Final Rule – July 15, 20134Federal AviationAdministrationFOQ ARC MembershipJuly 2010 – September 20105AABI – Aviation Accreditation Board InternationalALPA – Air Line Pilots AssociationAOPA – Aircraft Owners and Pilots AssociationATA – Air Transport Association of America, Inc. (now A4A)CAPA – The Coalition of Airline Pilots AssociationsNADA/F – National Air Disaster Alliance/FoundationNBAA – National Business Aviation AssociationPCI – Pilot Career InitiativeRAA – Regional Airline AssociationFederal AviationAdministrationFOQ ARC Report• Knowledge and Flight Experience Gap:               There is a “significant gap” between what is required for success as an FO in part 121 and the minimum regulatory requirements for a commercial pilot certificate. • Quantity Does Not Necessarily Equal Quality:        All flight time does not impart the same level of aeronautical experience. The gap may remain even after the candidate has completed the 1,500 hours required to obtain an ATP certificate. • Modern Pilot Training Program:                        Research into training program performance data and how people learn indicate the gap can be most effectively bridged through successful completion of a training program that methodically integrates academic training, practical training, and flight experience. 6Federal AviationAdministrationFOQ ARC – Knowledge AreasRecommended these be required for training pilots to operate as an SIC in part 121 air carrier operations:– Advanced Aircraft Systems & Performance– Navigation in Air Carrier Operations– Air Carrier Operations & Safety & Security– Air Carrier Weather Planning– Communications– Stall & Upset Recognition & Recovery– Air Carrier Pilot ProfessionalismRecommend subjects be on an FAA knowledge test7Federal AviationAdministrationAirline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act of 20108Federal AviationAdministrationPublic Law 111-216• Section 216 requires the FAA to complete rulemaking to—– Require all part 121 pilots to hold an ATP certificate– Require an appropriate amount of multiengine flight time• Section 217 requires the FAA to complete rulemaking to—– Revise the requirements for an ATP certificate– Allows for a reduction in the 1,500 hours required for an ATP certificate based upon academic coursework9Federal AviationAdministrationSection 217ATP Certificate Minimum Requirements• To be qualified an individual shall have received flight training, academic training, or operational experience that will prepare a pilot, at a minimum, to—(A) function effectively in a multipilot environment;(B) function effectively in adverse weather conditions, including icing conditions;(C) function effectively during high altitude operations;(D) adhere to the highest professional standards; and(E) function effectively in an air carrier operational environment.• The total flight time required for an ATP certificate shall include—sufficient flight hours, in difficult operational conditions that may be encountered by an air carrier to enable a pilot to operate safely in such conditions.10Federal AviationAdministrationFOQ NPRM• February 29, 2012: published for public comment• More than 550 comments of which about 120 were specific to the ATP CTP• ATP CTP Hot Topics –– Subject matter– Requirement for FSTD training11Federal AviationAdministrationFOQ Final Rule• Published July 15, 2013• Modified the ATP-Airplane certificate requirements• Established training requirements for the          ATP-Airplane Multiengine Class Rating in § 61.156 • Effective August 1, 2014, completion of the  training in § 61.156 is required to be eligible for   the ATP Multiengine  Airplane Knowledge Test• Training providers must be FAA-approved12Federal AviationAdministrationATP Certification Training ProgramATP CTP– Prescriptive ground and FSTD training requirements– Parts 121 & 135 Training Providers: • The training program must be separate from an air carrier’s approved training program– Parts 141 & 142 Training Providers:• The training program must be in a stand-alone TCO or curriculum, or all ATP CTP content completed first– An individual cannot receive credit towards the ATP CTP for other training received – an entire approved course must be completedNote: § 121.419 permits a reduction in the initial ground training footprint for those pilots who have completed the ATP CTP. The carrier should work with its POI if it wishes to have that approved.13Federal AviationAdministration§ 61.156 – Academic TrainingAt least 30 hours of classroom instruction −(1) At least 8 hours of instruction on aerodynamics including high altitude operations;(2) At least 2 hours of instruction on meteorology, including adverse weather phenomena and weather detection systems; and(3) At least 14 hours of instruction on air carrier operations, including the following areas:(i) Physiology;(ii) Communications;(iii) Checklist philosophy;(iv) Operational control;(v) Minimum equipment list/configuration deviation list;(vi) Ground operations;(vii) Turbine engines;(viii) Transport category aircraft performance;(ix) Automation, navigation, and flight path warning systems.(4) At least 6 hours of instruction on leadership, professional development, crew resource management, and safety culture.14Federal AviationAdministration§ 61.156 – FSTD TrainingAt least 10 hours of training in an FSTD qualified under part 60 that represents a multiengine turbine airplane −(1) At least 6 hours of training in a Level C or higher FFS that represents a multiengine turbine airplane with a maximum takeoff weight of 40,000 pounds or greater. (i) Low energy states/stalls;(ii) Upset recovery techniques; and(iii) Adverse weather conditions, including icing, thunderstorms, and crosswinds with gusts.(2) The remaining FSTD training may be completed in a Level 4 or higher FSTD. (i) Navigation including flight management systems; and(ii) Automation including autoflight.15Federal AviationAdministrationInstructor Qualifications• §§ 121.410, 135.336, 141.33, 142.54• All instructors must:– Hold an ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating– Have at least 2 years of air carrier experience• FSTD instructors must:– Have a type rating for the airplane the FSTD representsNote: Subject matter experts may be used in the classroom provided a qualified instructor is present. 16Federal AviationAdministrationInstructor Training Requirements• Ground and FSTD instructors must:– Receive initial training on the course material ANDthe following topics:• The fundamental principles of the learning process;• Elements of effective teaching, instruction methods, and techniques;• Instructor duties, privileges, responsibilities, and limitations;• Training policies and procedures; and• Evaluation.17Federal AviationAdministrationInstructor Training Requirements• FSTD instructors must:– Receive initial and annual recurrent training on:• Proper operation of flight simulator and FTD controls and systems;• Proper operation of environmental and fault panels;• Data and motion limitations of simulation;• Minimum equipment requirements for each curriculum; and• The tasks and maneuvers that will be demonstrated in the FSTD.18Federal AviationAdministrationAcademic Evaluation Requirements• §§ 121.410, 135.336, & 142.54; part 141, appendix K• Training providers are required to conduct evaluations to ensure training techniques, procedures, and standards for the course are acceptable• Comprehensive written test19Federal AviationAdministrationAdvisory Circular 61-138• Further expands upon major topics in  § 61.156• Provides greater detail on the subject material outlined in the regulation• Sets forth the learning objectives that should be the goal of each section. • Provides FSTD philosophy– Demonstration-based tasks (D)– Experience-based tasks (E)• Includes sample training scenarios for upset prevention & recovery training• Points to AC 120-109 for stall training information20Federal AviationAdministration21Inspector Job Aid Inspector GuidanceFederal AviationAdministrationApproval Process Overview• Applicant works with POI or TCPM– Review § 61.156– Review AC 61-138– Reference Job Aid: http://www.faa.gov/pilots/training/atp/– Complete and sign Job Aid– Sign and forward to region once satisfied all requirements have been met • Region Review– Follows similar review to validate requirements are met before sending to headquarters.22Federal AviationAdministrationFAA HQ Review Process• Incoming request for review from Region goes to the following division for initial review:– AFS-200: part 121, 135, 142 certificate holders– AFS-800: part 141 certificate holder• All programs are ultimately reviewed by both divisions for standardization across rule parts• Recommendation for Approval Memos go back to the POI/TCPM23Federal AviationAdministrationApproved Programs241. ERAU – Daytona (142) 8. AeroStar Training Services, LLC (142)2. ERAU – Prescott (141) 9. Air Wisconsin Airlines (121)3. ABX Air Inc. (142) 10. Piedmont Airlines (121)4. Aerosim Training Solutions (142) 11. Pan Am International Flight Academy (142)5. CAE SimuFlite, Inc. (142) 12. Higher Power (142)6. ExpressJet Airlines, Inc. (121) 13. PSA Airlines (121)7. FlightSafety International, Inc. (142) 14. SkyWest Airlines, Inc. (121)• 1 additional course has completed HQ review (142)• 5 additional courses at HQ for reviewo 121 (1); 142 (4)• http://www.faa.gov/pilots/training/atp/Federal AviationAdministrationWhat is on the Horizon?25Federal AviationAdministrationLessons Learned• HQ review time is significantly longer than anticipated & better guidance is needed• Untested new processes will always require revision• Processes have had to adapt to unanticipated situations:– Correspondence & coordination processes– File storage and sharing– Additional information requests– Approval Memos with findings– Amending OpsSpecs/TSpecs– Initial approval extensions26Federal AviationAdministrationLessons Learned• Inspector 8900.1 guidance may have been too abbreviated• Job Aid was good to help with checking the regulatory boxes• Job Aid was not helpful in establishing review guidelines• AC provided good detail on subject content and desired learning objectives• AC was less helpful on identifying submission expectations27Federal AviationAdministrationATP Knowledge Test Data• ATP – Airplane (Old Test)– Monthly average 2011-2013: 608– Jan-July 2014: 25,600+• ATP Multiengine Airplane (New Test)– 2014: 59– 2015: 1115– 2016: Trend shows the number of tests taken is continuing to increase each month– Pass Rate: 95%28Federal AviationAdministrationATP Certificate DataYEAR INITIAL ATP - ME RESTRICTED ATP 2013 (starting 7/15) 2,759 372014 7,442 7872015 6,341 1,2032016 (thru Feb) 1,031 277TOTAL 17,573 2,07429Federal AviationAdministrationBarbara AdamsAir Carrier Training Systems & Voluntary Safety Programs Branch, AFS-280barbara.adams@faa.gov30

ATP Certification Training Program

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ATP Certification Training Program

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