Halliwell, Nicole, OTS

Mernar, Thomas J., PhD, OTR

Ramos, Erin, OTS

Ryan, Caitlyn, OTS

Simon, Esther, OTS

English

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Autonomic Nervous System Functioning as a Correlate to Health and Recovery

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Seton Hall UniversityeRepository @ Seton HallPetersheim Academic Exposition Petersheim Academic Exposition4-2012Autonomic Nervous System Functioning as aCorrelate to Health and RecoveryThomas J. Mernar PhD, OTRNicole Halliwell OTSErin Ramos OTSCaitlyn Ryan OTSEsther Simon OTSFollow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.shu.edu/petersheim-expositionReferences Autonomic Nervous System  Autonomic Nervous System Functioning as a Correlate to Health and Recovery    Thomas J. Mernar, PhD, OTR; Nicole Halliwell, OTS; Erin Ramos, OTS; Caitlyn Ryan, OTS; Esther Simon, OTS   OT Significance • Our interventions can influence client ANS health states; positively or negatively.  • ANS health influences client occupational behavior.   • Understanding a client’s ANS can provide important clues to how well a client’s body, emotions, and behaviors are both regulated and self-regulated in context.  • Allows practitioners to understand how client ANS  health is related to his or her functional independence.  • Stress levels directly influence ANS health, which can influence occupational performance and participation.  • OT is not conducting sufficient biomarker research and needs to in order to link occupation to biological/physiological processes  American Occupational Therapy Association (2006). AOTA’s Centennial Vision. Retrieved       September 25, 2011 from        http://www.aota.org/News/Centennial/Background/36516.aspx?FT=.pdf  Asher, I.E. (Ed.). (2007). Occupational therapy assessment tools: An annotated index (3rd ed.).                                                              Bethesda, MD: AOTA Press.   Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. (2001). Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Preferred       definitions and conceptual framework. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 69(3), 89-95.  Cohen, S., Kessler, R. C., & Gordon, L. U. (1997). Strategies for measuring stress in studies of       psychiatric and physical disorders. In S. Cohen, R. C. Kessler, & L. U. Gordon (Eds.),       Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3-26). New York: Oxford       University Press.   Crepeau, E.B., Cohn, E.S., & Boyt Schell, B.A. (Eds.). (2010). Willard & Spackman’s occupational       therapy (11th ed.) Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.  Ice, G.H., & James, G.D. (Eds.). (2007). Measuring stress in humans: A practical guide for the field.       Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.  Mernar, T. J. (2007). [Review of the book Measuring stress in humans: A practical guide for the       field]. American Journal of Human Biology, 19(6), 893-895.  Mernar, T. J. (2006). Occupation, stress, and biomarkers: Measuring the impact of  occupational         injustice. Journal of Occupational Science, 13(3), 209-213.  Porth, C. M., & Matfin, G. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states (8th ed.).       Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.   Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1),       1-28.   The autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions at a subconscious level and is responsible for maintaining bodily homeostasis.  Two divisions of ANS: the sympathetic nervous system maintains vital functions and allows the body to respond to a stress and threats and the parasympathetic nervous system that conserves our energy and maintains organ function during minimal activity.  Stress can activate the sympathetic nervous system to elicit one or both of our primary stress response systems: the sympathetic adrenomedullay (SAM) or the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) systems.  SAM activation releases epinephrine and norepinephrine while HPA releases cortisol.  Excessive SAM activation has been shown to suppress cellular immune function, increase chronic blood pressure and heart rate, disrupt normal heart rate variations, and development of psychiatric illnesses.   Excessive HPA activation has been shown to lead to hippocampal pathology, decrease sensitivity to insulin, increase risk of  steroid induced diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, arterial disease, amenorrhea, impairment of growth and tissue repair, and immunosuppression. Proposal phase of study “Understanding adult inpatient rehabilitation outcomes by linking occupational participation, environmental influences, and autonomic nervous system health”  Repeated measures design that will measure participant: • ANS health (ANX 3.0) • Self-efficacy • Perceived physical and social environment support and constraint • Occupational performance   •  Blood Pressure •  Body Temperature •  Excessive Sweating •  Heart Rate •  Pulse Oximeter •  Pulse Rate •  Pupillary Changes •  Respiration Rate      OT Practitioner OT Researcher BIOMARKERS QUESTIONNAIRES BIOMARKERS QUESTIONNAIRES  Pain • Numeric Pain Scale • Wong-Baker Pain Scale  Cognition •  Wechsler Memory Scale •  Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test •  Benton Visual Retention Test •  Cognitive Abilities Screening       Instrument  Emotional/Behavioral •  Positive Affect and Negative Affect      Schedule  •  Ways of Coping Questionnaire •  COPE Scale  Stress •  Perceived Stress Questionnaire •  Rhode Island Stress and Coping       Inventory •  Stress Management Questionnaire •  Stress Profile   •  Circadian Rhythm (EEG) •  Immune Function •  Glucose Levels •  Heart Rate Variability  •  Insulin Sensitivity  •  Pupillary Changes  •  Respiratory Variability •  Salivary immunoassay kits α Amylase Cortisol •  Skin Conduction •  Sleep (polysomnograph)  Evidence Based Practice Research Progress AOTA’s Centennial Vision: “We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society’s occupational needs.”  OT practitioners and researchers can develop evidence that supports practice by using a combination of biomarkers and select questionnaires.   Biomarkers are measurements of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.   Biomarkers are used in medical, pharmacological, and behavioral research that seek to better understand physiological phenomena in relation to a behavior of interest.    Pain • Numeric Pain Scale • Wong-Baker Pain Scale  Cognition •  Wechsler Memory Scale •  Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test •  Benton Visual Retention Test •  Cognitive Abilities Screening      Instrument  Emotional/Behavioral • Positive Affect and Negative Affect       Schedule  •  Ways of Coping Questionnaire •  COPE Scale  Stress •  Perceived Stress Questionnaire •  Rhode Island Stress and Coping        Inventory •  Stress Management Questionnaire •  Stress Profile  Measuring the Autonomic Nervous System  

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Autonomic Nervous System Functioning as a Correlate to Health and Recovery

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