The life histories of Acrosternum hilare and Cosmopepla bimaculata were studied in southern Illinois from May 1972 to September 1974 and from September 1992 to June 1995. Both species were bivoltine, overwintered as adults, and became active in early spring. The subsequent generations were characterized by marked overlapping of the nymphal instars. No active adults were found after early November

McPherson, J. E

Tecic, D. L

English

Valparaiso University

The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 30 Number 3 - Fall 1997 Number 3 - Fall 1997 Article 2 October 1997 Notes on the Life Histories of Acrosternum Hilare and Cosmopepla Bimaculata (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Southern Illinois J. E. McPherson Southern Illinois University D. L. Tecic Southern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, J. E. and Tecic, D. L. 1997. "Notes on the Life Histories of Acrosternum Hilare and Cosmopepla Bimaculata (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Southern Illinois," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 30 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol30/iss2/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST1997 79 NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORIES OF ACROSTERNUM HILARE AND COSMOPEPLA BIMACULATA (HETEROPTERA PENTATOMIDAE) IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS J. E. McPherson and D. L Tecle l ABSTRACT The life histories ofAcrosternum hilare and CosmopepZa bimaculata were studied in southern Illinois from May 1972 to September 1974 and from Sep­tember 1992 to June 1995. Both species wer bivoltine, overwintered as adults, and became active in early spring. The subsequent generations were characterized by marked overlapping of the nymphal instars. No active adults were found after early November. Acrosternum hilare (Say) and Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas) are com­mon phytophagous stink bugs that occur over much of America north of Mex­ico (Froeschner 1988, McPherson 1982); both are common in souther Illinois (McPherson 1982). Much has been published on their biol gy, including an­nuallife cycles, food plants, laboratory rearing, immature stages, and preda­tors and parasites (McPherson 1982). However, the life cycles have not been documented thoroughly through t the bugs' geographic ranges. Acrosternum hilare, the green stink bug, is of major economic impor­tance, particularly as a pest of agricultural crops (e.g., soybeans) in the mid­western, southern, and southeastern United States (McPherson 1982). As would be expected, its annual life cycle has been studied in relation to its damage to these crops. However, it has been listed as both uni-and bivoltine, with reports of two generations per year from studies in more southern loca­tions. For example, it has been reported as univoltine in Canada (Javahery 1990), Utah (Sorenson and Anthon 1936), central Illinois CEsselbaugh 1948), Ohio (Whitmash 1917), and Virginia (Underhill 1934); and bivoltine in Kansas (Wilde 1969), Arkansas (Miner 1966), and South Carolina (Jones and Sullivan 1982). Presuming this reported difference is correct, an reflects the geographic locations of these earlier studies, then southern Illinois would ap­pear to be in a transition zone between these broad geographic areas. The annual life cycle of C. bimaculata is poorly understood. Information consists primarily of scattered notes, although it apparently is univoltine in Alberta, Can da (McDonald 1968). From May 1972 to September 1974, one of us (JEM) was involved in a survey of the Pentatomoidea of the LaRue-Pine Hills Ecological Area (now LaRue-Pine Hills Research Natural Area) (hereafter referred to as Pine Hills), which is located in Union Co. in southern Illinois (McPherson and Mohlenbrock 1976; also see same pUblication for description of Pine Hills). Two of the 49 species recorded were A. hilare and C. bimaculata. Both were IDepartment of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 1L 62901. 1McPherson and Tecic: Notes on the Life Histories of Acrosternum Hilare and CPublished by ValpoScholar, 199780 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 30, No.3 common as adults, but low numbers of nymphs made determination of the life cycles difficult. A. hilare was listed as apparently bivoltine and C. bimac­ulata as probably bivoltine. From September 1992 to June 1995, the Pine Hills pentatomoids were resurveyed to ascertain changes that had occurred in this fauna during the intervening years. Once again, A. hilare and C. bimaculata were found to be common as adults. However, nymphs for each species also were collected in substantial numbers. As the data from the earlier survey still were available, they were combined with those from the resurvey to gain a better under­standing of the annual life cycle of each species. Presented here, then, are the results ofthe combined surveys, including host plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collecting trips were taken weekly from September to November 1992, March to December 1993 and 1994, and May to June 1995. The March and N ovemberlDecember collecting periods were before the bugs had emerged from and after they had entered overwintering sites, respectively. Specimens were collected by hand-pi king and sweeping. The disappearance of the in­sects in the fall generally corresponded to the senescence of host plants. Host plants were identified primarily with keys by Mohlenbrock (1986)but also by Britton and Brown (1913), Gleason and Cronquist (1991), Jones (1963), and Mohlenbrock and Voigt (1959). The SIUC herbarium served as APRIL ADULT "'132 1etiNSTAR N_12 2ndIHSTAR No" 3rd INSTAR N." 4U1INSTAR N.... sthlNSTAR N.1H Fig. 1. Field life cycle ofA. hilare. Percentage of individuals of each stage per sample collected during 1972-1974 and 1992-1995 seasons in Union County, IL. ~ c( ::I Q ~ !i ~ !i W ~ W £L 2The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 30, No. 2 [1997], Art. 2https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol30/iss2/2THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST1997 81 reference for key characters and confirmation of species identification. Letter designations following ho t p ants are as follows: A, adults; F, feeding; C, cop­ulation; E, eggs; N, nymphs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Acrosternum hilare (Say) Adults emerged from ovenvintering sites in late April-early May and were found continuously until late October-early November (Figs. 1-2). Al­though the subsequent nymphal instars were not found in perfect chronologi­cal sequence, their times of occurrence, numbers collected, and associated peaks of abundance indicate that A. hilare is bivoltine in southern Illinois. Thus, its life cycle is similar to hat reported for the southern United States. Host plants recorded during both surveys combined included Allium canadense L. (A), Ambrosia trifida L. (N), Ceanothus americanus L. (N), Celtis occidentalis L. (N), Cercis canadensis L. (A,N), Cornus drummondii Meyer (F,N), Elymus uirginicus L. (A), Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn (N), Hybanthus concolor (Forster) (A), Impatiens capensis Walter (A,F,N), Impa­tiens pallida Nuttall (A,F,N), Perilla frutescens Britton (F,N), Rhus glabra L. (A, F), Rubus allegheniensis Porter (N), Teucrium canadense L. (A), Trades­cantia subaspera Ker (N), Ulmus rubra Muhlenberg (A), Verbascum thapsus L. (A, E, N), Verbesina alternifolia Britton (N), Vicia uillosa Roth (F,N), and Vitis aestivalis Michaux (A, N). .. 50 25 50 25 !l 0( 25 ::I 50 5= 25 is 0 C ~ !5 25 50 !iii 25 W 0 II: 25 W 50c.. 25 25 50 25 0 25 50 A""'l ..AY JUNE I JULY AUGUST HPTEMBEJl OCTOBER NOVEMBER AIlULT ...... i I ,.UNSTAR ".12 2ndINSTAR N.e7 3ldIHSTAR -N ... -~ I 41hINSTAR N.1il1 51h !NSTAR I N.133 Fig. 2. Field life cycle of A. hilare. Percentage in each sample of total individ­uals of same stage collected during 1972-1974 and 1992-1995 seasons in Union County, IL. 3McPherson and Tecic: Notes on the Life Histories of Acrosternum Hilare and CPublished by ValpoScholar, 199782 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 30, No.3 50 25 ADULT N=157 25 50 25 ~ lotlNSTAR •0 N=2G « 25:::l C SO :; 25is 2ndiNSTAR ~ N.45 U. 25 0 50 I­ 25Z UJ 3N1INSTAR (.) N.53 a: 25 UJ 50Il. 25 4thiNSTAR 0 N.59 25 50 25 SthlNSTAR N.l09 25 50 Fig. 3. Field life cycle of C. bimaculata. Percentage of individuals of each stage per sample collected during 1972-1974 and 1992-1995 seasons in Union County, IL. Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas) The annual life cycle of this species was not as clear at that found for A. hilare. Adults emerged from overwintering sites in early May and were found until mid-late October (Figs. 3-4). The subsequent occurrences of eggs and nymphs indicate this species is bivoltine. Eggs clusters were found from late May to early June on V. thapsus (n=7 ) and Geranium carolinianum L. (n= 5) and from mid-to late August on Scrophularia marilandica L. (n 18). Nymphs of the first generation were found approximately from late May through late July, primarily on V. thapsus and G. carolinianum, with peak of fifth instars (most frequently collected of the instars) in late June-early July. Nymphs of the second generation were found approximately from early August to late September, primarily on S. marilandica and T. canadense, with a peak of fifth instars in early September. The collection of young in­stars (lsts-3rds) concurrent or subsequent to the collection of the last fifth instars of the second generation may indicate a part al third generation but probably is the result of sampling error. 4The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 30, No. 2 [1997], Art. 2https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol30/iss2/21997 83THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 50 25 0 25 50 25 0en ..J 25­« ::;) 50c:; 25 is 0 ~ 25 II. 50o !z 25 0IJJ ex:o 25 IJJ 50 a.. 2S 0 25 50 25 0 2S 50 ADULT 1'1-157 1s1INSTAR N.2O 2ndiNSTAR N.45 3rdiNSTAR N=53 4thiNSTAR N.S9 5thiNSTAR N.1OQ MAY JlJIIE JULY AUGUST I SE1'11:MBER OCTOBER -• ............ -~ -..... ...... """II"""", -..........-......... ! .... "'" I I Fig. 4. Field life cycle of C. bimaculata. Percentage in each sample of total in­dividuals of same stage collected during 1972-1974 and 1992-1995 seasons in Union County, IL. Additional host plants recorded during both surveys combined included Bromus inermis Leyser (A), Bromus secalinus L. (A,F), Campsis radicans (L.) (A), Daucus carota L. (A,F), Phleum pratense L. (A), Plantago lanceolata L. (F,N), Rumex crispus L. (A,F), and Veronica arvensis L. (A,F,C). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Scott Bundy and Lane Loya, former graduate students, De­partment of Zoology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, for their as­sistance with field work; and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Harrisburg, for permission to collect in th LaRue-Pine Hills Research Natur l Area. This re­search was funded, in part, by the U.s.D.A. Forest Service (Cooperative Agreement No. 23-92-43). 5McPherson and Tecic: Notes on the Life Histories of Acrosternum Hilare and CPublished by ValpoScholar, 199784 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 30, No.3 LITERATURE CITED Britton, N. L. and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States and Canada. VoL I: 1-680; Vol. II: 1-735; Vol. III: 1-637. Dover Pub., NY. (Reprinted in 1970). Esselbaugh, C. O. 1948. Notes on the bionomics of some midwestern Pentatomidae. EntomoL Amer. 28: 1-73. Froeschner, R. C. 1988. Family Pentatomidae Leach, 1915. Th stink bugs, pp. 544-597. In: T. J. Henry and R. C. Froeschner (eds.), Catalog of the Heteroptera, or true bugs, of Canada and the continental United States. E. J. Brill, NY. 958 pp. Gleason, H. A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. ixxv + 910 pp. Javahery, M. 1990. Biology and ecological adaptation of the green stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidael in Quebec and .Ontario. Ann. EntomoL Soc. Am. 83: 201-206. Jones, G. N. 1963. Flora of Illinois (3rd ed'). Am. Midland Nat. Monog. No.7. Univer­sity of Notre Dame, IN. vi + 410 pp. Jones, W. A. and M. J. Sullivan. 1982. Role of host plants in population dynamics of stink bug pests of soybean in South Carolina. Environ. EntomoL 11: 867-875. McDonald, F. J. D. 1968. The life history of Cosmopepla bimaculata (Thomas) (Het­eroptera: Pentatomidael in Alberta. Quaest. EntomoL 4: 35-38. McPherson, J. E. 1982. The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) of northeastern North Amer­ica (with emphasis on the faun of Illinois). Southern Illinois University Press, Car­bondale and Edwardsville. ix + 240 pp. McPherson, J. E., and R. H. Mohlenbrock. 1976. A list of the Scutelleroidea of the LaRue-Pine Hills Ecological Area with notes on biology. Great Lakes EntomoL 9: 125-169. Miner, F. D. 1966. Biology and control of stink bugs on soybeans. Arkansas Ag . Exp. Sta. Bull. 708: 1-40. Mohlenbrock, R. H. 1986. Guide to vascular flora of southern Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville. viii + 507 pp. Mohlenbrock, R. H. and J. W. Voigt. 1959. A flora of southern Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale. 390 pp. Sorenson, C. J. and E. W. Anthon. 1936. Preliminary studies of Acrosternum hilare (Sayl in Utah orchards. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 13: 229-232. Underhill, G. W. 1934. The green stinkbug. VirginiaAgr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 294: 1-26. Whitmarsh, R. D. 1917. The green soldier bug. Nezara hilaris Say. Order, Hemiptera. Family, Pentatomidae. A recent enemy in northern Ohio peach orchards. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. BulL 310: 519-552. Wilde, G. E. 1969. Photoperiodism in relation to development and reproduction in the green stink bug. J. Econ. EntomoL 62: 629-630. 6The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 30, No. 2 [1997], Art. 2https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol30/iss2/2

Notes on the Life Histories of \u3ci\u3eAcrosternum Hilare\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eCosmopepla Bimaculata\u3c/i\u3e (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Southern Illinois

Notes on the Life Histories of \u3ci\u3eAcrosternum Hilare\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eCosmopepla Bimaculata\u3c/i\u3e (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Southern Illinois

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Valparaiso University

ValpoScholar

Crossref