Invertebrates were sampled using pan traps in three paired sets of Typha spp. (cattail) and Phragmites australis (giant reed grass) habitats in Lake Michigan’s Green Bay in June and September 2002. The collection included 34 harvestmen belonging to one species (found at all three sites), and 180 spiders belonging to 25 species in eight families. The two habitats yielded similar numbers of spider taxa, and 16 species were restricted to one of the two habitats. Between 10 and 15 species were found at each site, and only five spider species were collected at all three sites.
Four species appear to be new records for the state of Wisconsin, including the linyphiid spiders Hypomma marxii (Keyserling) and Sitalcus ruralis Bishop & Crosby, and the salticid Synageles noxiosus (Hentz). Of particular interest is the first report from the U.S. Great Lakes region of the clubionid spider Clubiona pallidula (Clerck), a species introduced from Eurasia

Draney, Michael L

Jaskula, Jeanette M

English

Valparaiso University

The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 37 Numbers 3 & 4 - Fall/Winter 2004 Numbers 3 & 4 - Fall/Winter 2004 Article 7 October 2004 Araneae and Opiliones From Typha Spp. And Phragmites Australis Stands of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and an Exotic Spider Species Newly Reported From the U.S. Great Lakes Region Michael L. Draney University of Wisconsin Jeanette M. Jaskula University of Wisconsin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Draney, Michael L. and Jaskula, Jeanette M. 2004. "Araneae and Opiliones From Typha Spp. And Phragmites Australis Stands of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and an Exotic Spider Species Newly Reported From the U.S. Great Lakes Region," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 37 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol37/iss2/7 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at scholar@valpo.edu. 2004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 159ARANEAE AND OPILIONES FROM TYPHA SPP. AND PHRAGMITESAUSTRALIS STANDS OF GREEN BAY, LAKE MICHIGAN, AND ANEXOTIC SPIDER SPECIES NEWLY REPORTED FROM THE U.S. GREATLAKES REGIONMichael L. Draney1 and Jeanette M. Jaskula1,2ABSTRACTInvertebrates were sampled using pan traps in three paired sets of Typhaspp. (cattail) and Phragmites australis (giant reed grass) habitats in LakeMichigan’s Green Bay in June and September 2002. The collection included 34harvestmen belonging to one species (found at all three sites), and 180 spidersbelonging to 25 species in eight families. The two habitats yielded similarnumbers of spider taxa, and 16 species were restricted to one of the two habi-tats. Between 10 and 15 species were found at each site, and only five spiderspecies were collected at all three sites.Four species appear to be new records for the state of Wisconsin, includingthe linyphiid spiders Hypomma marxii (Keyserling) and Sitalcus ruralis Bishop& Crosby, and the salticid Synageles noxiosus (Hentz). Of particular interest isthe first report from the U.S. Great Lakes region of the clubionid spider Clubionapallidula (Clerck), a species introduced from Eurasia.____________________Giant reed grass, Phragmites australis (Poaceae), is native to North America,but an introduced Eurasian genotype has been rapidly and aggressively expand-ing, in many cases by displacing other native wetland vegetation types(Saltonstall 2002). Little is known about the effects of Eurasian P. australis inthe Great Lakes Region, where it is now rapidly displacing Typha (cattail) habi-tat. We collected invertebrates using pan, or water traps as part of a study tocompare invertebrate biodiversity between stands of cattail (Typha spp.) andgiant reed grass (P. australis) in the Great Lakes region (Jaskula 2003). Thepurpose of the present paper is to report on the species of spiders collectedduring this research. Most importantly, we report here several species new toWisconsin, including an exotic species that has not yet been reported from theGreat Lakes region of the United States. Although this collection does notrepresent the complete spider fauna of these habitats (more intensive samplingand addition of ground-level sampling would undoubtedly reveal many morespecies), it represents the first reports of spiders from these habitats in thewestern Great Lakes region, and includes species that are abundant and con-spicuous on vegetation in these habitats. Because the study was not designed tosample the spider community, we make no quantitative attempt to compare thespider assemblages from these two habitats, although the results do suggestsome differences between the assemblages.MATERIALS AND METHODSThree wetlands each with paired monotypic stands of P. australis andTypha latifolia were located in Brown County, Wisconsin along the southwest-ern shore of Green Bay, Lake Michigan using criteria discussed in Jaskula1Department of Natural & Applied Science, and Cofrin Center for Biodiversity,University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI 54311.2Current Address: 5098 Red Cloud Ct. Apt. 10, Oxford, OH 45056.1Draney and Jaskula: Araneae and Opiliones From Typha Spp. And Phragmites AuPublished by ValpoScholar, 2004160 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 3 & 4(2003). These sites were Ken Euers Nature Area (N44.56011°, W88.03703°),Duck Creek (N44.56541°, W88.04524°), and Peter’s Marsh (N44.58851°,W88.01626°). The P. australis at each site was determined morphologically andby recent growth history to be of the non-native, aggressively invasive haplotype(Blossey 2003; G. Fewless, UW-Green Bay Herbarium Curator, pers. comm.). Ateach stand, all plants from ten 0.5 × 0.5 m quadrats in June and from ten 0.25× 0.25 m quadrats in September were harvested, counted, and weighed (unpub-lished data). All samples contained at least 90% (by stem count) of either P.australis or T. latifolia. Secondary plant species included Impatiens capensis(Balsaminaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae), Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae),Calystegia sepium (Convolulaceae), and Cirsium sp. (Asteraceae). Each specieswas found in all stands, except for Cirsium sp., which was only found in T.latifolia stands.Terrestrial invertebrates were obtained from pan traps, yellow bowls 20cm in diameter and 8 cm deep, positioned 1 m above the marsh surface with wiretomato stands (Fig. 1; see also Ditlhogo et al. 1992). The traps were filled withwater and a few drops of detergent (to facilitate invertebrate capture) and de-ployed for two 5-day periods (17-22 June and 9-14 September 2002). Pan trapswere inspected on the second day of deployment, emptied of all invertebrates,refilled with water then inspected and emptied again on day 5. The collectedinvertebrates were retained by pouring through a sieve and stored in 70% etha-nol before identification and counting.Figure 1. Yellow plastic pan trap suspended on wire tomato stand, within aPhragmites australis plot. The plastic bowl or pan is 20 cm diameter.2The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 37, No. 2 [2004], Art. 7https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol37/iss2/72004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 161Ten pan traps were deployed in stands of each plant species for a total of120 samples (10 replicates × 2 plant community plots × 3 sites × 2 seasons).Pan traps were randomly located in a 50 m × 50 m plot in Typha spp. standsusing a numbered grid. As P. australis grows in long, fence-like rows greater than50 m long and less than 20 m wide, pan traps were positioned along a transectthat ran through the middle of each stand. Each trap was positioned no closerthan 5 m from each other or the edge of the stand. In addition to pan traps, arthropods were collected from the quadrat-based plant samples detailed above. These yielded few arachnid specimens, sodata from this method (detailed in Jaskula 2003) is not here presented. How-ever, one species, Haplodrassus hiemalis (Gnaphosidae) was collected exclu-sively by this method: A single female specimen was captured wandering on thesorting table so it cannot be determined which habitat it came from.All animals were identified to species level by the senior author or work-ers listed in the acknowledgements, and vouchers are deposited in the FieldMuseum of Natural History, Chicago. Further information on methods andsites can be found in Jaskula (2003).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONA total of 180 adult and immature spider specimens (Order Araneae)were collected, comprising 1.5% of the 12,049 invertebrate specimens in theentire data set of Jaskula (2003). Eighty-eight specimens (49% of collectedspiders) were adults. Spiders (Order Araneae) were the 6th most abundantorder in the assemblage, after Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Collembola,and Acari.The 88 adult spiders (and all immature specimens, when possible) wereidentified to species, and represent 8 families and 25 species (Table 1). TheTypha spp. samples yielded more of the adult specimens (50, or 57%) than the P.australis samples (38, or 43%), and 64% of the specimens were collected in June.The Typha spp. samples yielded slightly more families and species (19 speciesin 7 families) than P. australis samples (15 species in 6 families), a difference ofdoubtful significance. Ten species were restricted to Typha spp. habitats andsix species were restricted to P. australis habitats (Table 1). Interestingly, allsix species of Salticidae (jumping spiders) were restricted to Typha spp. habi-tats, although all are elsewhere known from other habitat types.The three sites (Ken Euers Nature Area, Duck Creek, and Peter’s Marsh)each yielded 10 to 15 species (Table 1). Only five spider species were collected atall three sites: Clubiona maritima L. Koch, Clubiona pallidula (Clerck),Larinioides cornutus (Clerck), Pachygnatha dorothea McCook, and Tmeticusornatus (Emerton). More extensive sampling will probably reveal that many ofthe collected species are present in most coastal wetlands of Green Bay.A total of 34 individual harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) were also col-lected and the adults were identified to species. All individuals were Leiobunumsp., and all identifiable individuals (adults) belonged to one species, Leiobunumflavum Banks (family Gagrellidae). This species appears to be common in bothhabitats, with 15 adults collected in Typha spp. habitats and 4 in P. australishabitats, and was found at all three sites (Table 1).Four spider species appear to be new Wisconsin state records. First, thelinyphiid Hypomma marxii (Keyserling) is only known from Massachusetts,Michigan, New York, North Dakota, Washington, British Columbia,Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland. The currentrecord is among the southernmost known (Buckle et al. 2001). Two specimens ofH. marxii were trapped in Typha spp. habitats and one in P. australis habitat.Second, a single female linyphiid believed to be Sitalcus ruralis Bishop & Crosby3Draney and Jaskula: Araneae and Opiliones From Typha Spp. And Phragmites AuPublished by ValpoScholar, 2004162 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 3 & 4Table 1. Macroarachnids (Opiliones and Araneae) collected in Typha andPhragmites stands in Brown County, Wisconsin. This list includes only specimensthat could be identified to species or assigned a definite morphospecies. Immaturesare included only when an adult is not present at a stand/sampling period (simply toindicate possible presence, marked as *). “Sites” column lists presence at each of thethree locations; locations are pooled for stand and month figures. Site abbrevia-tions: DC = Duck Creek; KE = Ken Euers Nature Area; PM = Peter’s Marsh.Typha Phragmites SitesTaxon June Sept June Sept KE DC PMOrder Opiliones (Harvestmen) Gagrellidae Leiobunum flavum Banks 9 1 5 0 6 3 6Order Araneae (Spiders) Araneidae Larinia borealis Banks 0 * 1 0 0 0 1Larinioides cornutus (Clerck) 5 0 2 0 1 1 4Neoscona arabesca (Walckenaer) * 1 0 0 1 0 0Clubionidae Clubiona maritima L. Koch 4 6 4 7 7 12 2Clubiona pallidula (Clerck) 0 0 10 1 1 3 7Gnaphosidae Haplodrassus hiemalis (Emerton) † 0 0 0 0 ? ? ?Linyphiidae Ceraticelus limnologicus Crosby & Bishop 0 0 0 1 1 0 0Erigone autumnalis Emerton 0 0 0 1 0 1 0Hypomma marxii (Keyerling) 2 0 1 0 1 2 0Hypselistes florens (O. P.-Cambridge) 6 * 0 * 6 0 0Islandiana flaveola (Banks) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0Sitalcus ruralis Bishop & Crosby 1 0 0 0 1 0 0Tmeticus ornatus (Emerton) 0 5 0 1 2 3 1unknown sp. “C” 0 0 1 0 0 1 0Philodromidae Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1Tibellus maritimus (Menge) 4 0 1 0 2 2 0Pisauridae Pisaurina mira (Walckenaer) 0 * 0 0 0 0 0Salticidae Eris militaris (Hentz) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0Marpissa grata (Gertsch) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0Synageles noxiosus (Hentz) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0Pelegrina proterva (Walckenaer) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0Sitticus floricola palustris (G & E Peckham) 0 2 0 0 0 2 0Zygoballus nervosus (G & E Peckham) 0 2 0 0 2 0 0Tetragnathidae Pachygnatha dorothea McCook 1 2 3 2 2 2 4Tetragnatha caudata Emerton 4 0 * 0 0 2 1Tetragnatha elongata Walckenaer 1 0 0 0 0 0 1Theridiidae Thymoites unimaculatus (Emerton) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1† H. hiemalis habitat presence not certain, see text.4The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 37, No. 2 [2004], Art. 7https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol37/iss2/72004 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 163was trapped in Typha spp. habitat in June. This determination is not a cer-tainty, as the species is not well known, females are difficult to identify, and nospecimens of S. ruralis were available to us for comparison, but this would be anew Wisconsin state record and a western range extension, as it is known onlyfrom New York (Buckle et al. 2001). Third, our record confirms the presence inWisconsin of Synageles noxiosus (Hentz), a small jumping spider that rangesfrom northern California to the lower peninsula of Michigan and southern Ontarioand south to southern Mexico. The species has been reported from Wisconsinpreviously (Levi & Field 1954), but confusion between this and other Synagelesspecies makes records pre-dating Cutler’s (1987) revision questionable withoutre-examination.Of particular interest is our collection of 12 specimens of the sac spider C.pallidula in P. australis at all three sites. An exotic species from Eurasia, it isbelieved to be a recent arrival in North America with the earliest record from1949 (Roddy 1966; Dondale and Redner 1982). C. pallidula has been previouslyreported from coastal British Columbia and Washington as well as southernOntario (Dondale and Redner 1982). This represents the first United Statesrecord for the Great Lakes region. Interestingly, C. pallidula were the mostabundantly collected adult spiders in our samples (Table 1). Additional di-rected searches in P. australis and Typha spp. habitats, as well as other wetlandcommunities, will help to further clarify the distribution and abundance of thisrelatively new species in North America as well as determine its effects on themarsh ecosystems it has invaded.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFrank H. Pascoe (University of St. Francis, Joliet, Illinois) identified mostof the Salticidae. Bruce Cutler (University of Kansas) identified Synagelesnoxiosus and made us aware of the taxonomic difficulties of the genus. Robert L.Edwards (Woods Hall, Massachusetts) initially identified Clubiona pallidula,and Charles D. Dondale (Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Ottawa,Ontario) provided biogeographic information on this species. Thanks to Wiscon-sin Department of Natural Resources for permission to perform fieldwork onthese sites. This research was supported by a grant from the Zoological Societyof Milwaukee.LITERATURE CITEDAngradi, T. R., S. M. Hagan, and K. W. Able. 2001. Vegetation type and the intertidalmacroinvertebrate fauna of a brackish marsh: Phragmites vs. Spartina. Wet-lands 21: 75-92.Benoit, L. K. and R. A. Askins. 1999. Impact of the spread of Phragmites on thedistribution of birds in Connecticut tidal marshes. Wetlands 19: 194-208.Blossey, B. 2003. Cornell University. “Phragmites: common reed. Problem and controlmethods.” www.invasiveplants.net/phragmites/phrag/problem.htm. (August 8,2003).Buckle, D. J., D. Carroll, R. L. Crawford, and V. D. Roth. 2001. Linyphiidae andPimoidae of America north of Mexico: Checklist, synonymy, and literature. Part2, pp. 89-191. In P. Paquin and D. J. Buckle (eds.), Contributions à la connaissancedes Araignées (Araneae) d’Amérique du Nord. Fabreries, Supplément 10.Cutler, B. 1987. A revision of the American species of the antlike jumping spidergenus Synageles (Araneae, Salticidae). J. Arachnol. 15: 321-348.Ditlhogo, M. K. M, R. James, B. R. Laurence, and W. J. Sutherland. 1992. The effectsof conservation management of reed beds. I. The invertebrates. J. Appl. Ecol. 29:265-276.5Draney and Jaskula: Araneae and Opiliones From Typha Spp. And Phragmites AuPublished by ValpoScholar, 2004164 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 37, Nos. 3 & 4Dondale, C. D. and J. H. Redner. 1982. The sac spiders of Canada and Alaska (Araneae:Clubionidae and Anyphaenidae) In The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, part 9.Can. Dept. Agr. Pub. 1724, 194 pp.Fell, P. E., S. P. Weissbach, D.A. Jones, M.A. Fallon, J.A. Zeppieri, E.K. Faison, K.A.Lennon, K.J. Newberry, and L. K. Reddington. 1998. Does invasion of oligo-haline tidal marshes by reed grass, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.affect the availability of prey resources for the mummichog Fundulus Heteroclitus?J. Exp. Marine Biol. Ecol. 222: 59-77.Jaskula, J. M. 2003. Terrestrial invertebrates associated with Phragmites australisand Typha latifolia in three wetlands along Green Bay. M.S. Thesis, Universityof Wisconsin-Green Bay. 71 pp.Krause, L. H., C. Rietsma, and E. Kiviat. 1997. Terrestrial insects associated withLythrum salicaria, Phragmites australis, and Typha angustifolia in a HudsonRiver tidal marsh. Section V: 35 pp. In W. C. Neider and J. R. Waldman (eds.).Final report of the Tibor T. Fellowship Program, 1996. Hudson River Foundation,New York.Levi, H. W. and H. M. Field. 1954. The spiders of Wisconsin. American MidlandNaturalist 51: 440-467.Meyerson, L.A., K. Saltonstall, L. Windham, E. Kiviat, and S. Findlay. 2000. A compari-son of Phragmites australis in freshwater and brackish marsh environments inNorth America. Wetlands Ecol. Manage. 8: 89-103.Roddy, L. R. 1966. New species records of clubionid spiders. T. Am. Microsc. Soc. 85:399- 407.Saltonstall, K. 2002. Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of the common reed,Phragmites australis, into North America. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 2445-2449.6The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 37, No. 2 [2004], Art. 7https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol37/iss2/7

Araneae and Opiliones From \u3ci\u3eTypha\u3c/i\u3e Spp. And \u3ci\u3ePhragmites Australis\u3c/i\u3e Stands of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and an Exotic Spider Species Newly Reported From the U.S. Great Lakes Region

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Michael L Draney

Jeanette M Jaskula

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 Stands of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and an Exotic Spider Species Newly Reported From the U.S. Great Lakes Region

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Araneae and Opiliones From \u3ci\u3eTypha\u3c/i\u3e Spp. And \u3ci\u3ePhragmites Australis\u3c/i\u3e Stands of Green Bay, Lake Michigan, and an Exotic Spider Species Newly Reported From the U.S. Great Lakes Region

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