In recent years, we have witnessed the development and clinical use of gene therapies at an accelerated pace. The option to introduce, silence, or edit genes greatly increases the therapeutic avenues for a variety of diseases, with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) being the vehicle of
choice due to their low immunogenicity, stable expression, and strong
clinical safety record. While the route of delivery has traditionally been
localized, systemic administration via the blood is an option in cases
where direct injection is impractical or widespread cell populations are
affected. However, the naturally occurring AAV serotypes have evolved
to broadly infect tissue, an undesirable characteristic for targeting
therapeutics to distinct cells