Research at the South Dakota Experiment Station has been directed toward methods of improving of corn silage making continues to be of interest to farmers and ranchers of South Dakota. The additives researched SDSU include viable and nonviable bacterial inoculants, organic acids, sodium diacetate, an ammonia-molasses-mineral suspension and enzymes

Luther, R. M.

Nothnagel, J.

English

Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange

South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedingsand Research Reports, 1984 Animal Science Reports1984Effect of Enzymes on Corn Silage Quality,Preservation and Utilization by Beef SteersR. M. LutherSouth Dakota State UniversityJ. NothnagelFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1984This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports,1984 by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationLuther, R. M. and Nothnagel, J., "Effect of Enzymes on Corn Silage Quality, Preservation and Utilization by Beef Steers" (1984). SouthDakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1984. Paper 4.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1984/4EFFECT OF ENZYMES ON CORN S I LAGE QUALI TY ,  PRESERVAT I ON AND UT I L I ZAT I ON B Y  BEEF STEERS R .  M .  Luth er and J .  Nothnagel Depar tment of Ani mal and Rang e  Sc i ences · CATTLE 84-3 Cor n ·  f or ag e  < 617. moi stur e >  h arvested f rom t h e  c r op w a s  ensi l ed i n  two exper i ment a l  c on c r et e  s i l os .  was f i l l ed w i th 4600 l b  o f  unt reated f or ag e  and t h e  0011 l b  of f or ag e  treated w i t h  a mi xture of enz ymes t h e  r at e  of . �  l b  p er t on of wet f or ag e .  1 981 corn One si l o  other wi t h  a p p l i ed at Measurement s  t a k en d ur i ng t h e  exper i ment i nc l uded t empera­t ur es and chemi c a l  c h ar ac t er i st i c s  dur i ng f er ment at i on ,  chem i c a l  prof i l es a f t er a 213-day storage p er i od a n d  d i g esti b i l i t y of nutr i en t s  and reten t i on of n i t rogen by b ee f  steer s .  Dry mat ter p r eservat ion was a l so d etermi ned . The resu l t s  of t h e  study wer e :  1 .  Temp er at ures d u r i ng - t h e  3 week s  o f  storage were about the same .f or the untreated as f or enz yme-treated si l age. 2 .  S i l ag e  t r eated w i th a mi xtur e of enz ymes < protei nase amy l ase and gumase > had g eneral l y  h i g h er l act i c  ac i d  l evel s than unt reated s i l ag e  both dur i ng t h e  i n i t i al storage p er i od and at the t i me of f eed i ng .  3 m  Format i on of org an i c  a ci ds was sl i gh t l y  l ower f or enz yme-treated si l ag e  d ur i ng f er mentat i on and a l so at t i me of f eadout . 4 »  There were n o  d i f f er en c es b et ween t h e  e>: per i men t a l  si l ages i n  d i g est i b i l i ty of nutr i en t s .  However , steers - f ed t h e  enz yme-tr eated s i l ag e  r et ai ned l ess n i t rogen .f or produc t i ve purposes than steer s .f ed t h e  unt r eate d  si l ag e .  S a  Dry matt er recovary was 99 . 87. .f or untreated si l ag e  and 97 . 6% T or treated si l ag e .  R&search a t  t h e  South Dakota Experi ment Stat i on has b een d i rected · t oward msthods of i mp r cvi n� of corn si l ag e  qual i ty and preservat i on .  The use of var i ot.1s c ommer c i al add i t i ves i n  si l ag e  ma k i ng c ont i nu�s t o  b e  o f  i nt er est t o  f ar mer s and ranchers of South D a k ot a .  The add i t i ves r esearched at SDSU i nc l ud e  vi ab l e  and nonvi ab l e  bacter i al i nocul ant s , org an i c ac i ds ,  sod i um d i ace­tat e ,  an ammon i a-mol asses-m i neral suspensi on and enz ymes . 2 1  Enz ymes ar e g r ouped among the a d d i t i ves wh i ch appear t o  al ter o r  a i d t h e  si l ag e  f ermentat i on p rocess . Enz yme a d d i t i on s  may i nf l uenc e  t h e  degr ad at i ve p r oc esses wh i ch occ ur d ur i n g t h e  f erment at i on an d subsequen t l y af f ec t  ac i d  f or mat i on .  The pur­p ose of th i s  study was t o  deter m i n e  the ef f ec t  of a m i x ture of enz ymes a app l i ed at stor age on c or n  s i l ag e  f ermentat i on c h ar­acter i st i c s .  Nut r i en t  ut i l i z at i on b y  c at t l e and preservat i on of dry matt er were a l so measured i n  c ompar i sons wh i ch i nc l uded Ltn­treated and enz yme-treated s i l ag e .  Corn f or a g e  f rom t h e  1 98 1  corn c r op was h ar vested w i th a c on ven t i onal f or a g e  c h o p p er . A l t h ough g r a i n c on t en t  of f orage was not determ i ned , the f or ag e  was f r om wel l -eared c or n  p l an t s  a n d  c on t a i ned 6 1 . 4X m o i stur e at t h e  t i me c f  ens i � i ng .  The chopped f or ag e  was w e i g h ed i nt o  a f ee d  m i x i ng wagon equi p p e d  w i th a sca l e and a l l owed t o  m i x f or 1 0  m i n utes . The f or ag e  was tran sf err ed by means of an e l evator to two ex per i mental c on crete s i l os .  One s i l o  was f i l l ed w i t h  unt r eated f or ag e .  The other s i l o  was f i l l ed w i t h  f or ag e  t r eated w i t h  an enz yme product ap p l i ed at a r at e  of . 5  l b  p er ton of wet f or ag e .  The p roduct c ont a i n e d  a m i x ture cf p r ot e i nase , amy l ase and g umase enz ymes . Wei g h i ng and h an d l i ng p r ocedur es were t h e  same f or b oth s i l ag es .  The s i l o  structur es were r e i n f or ced c on c r et e  c u l ver t s  6 f eet h i g h  w i th a · 5-f oct i ns i d e  d i ameter and a 4-i n c h  wal l .  Each s i l o  was e qu i p ped w i t h  a 1 4- i n c h  d oor open i ng the h e i g h t  of t h e  s i l o  an d s i x samp l i ng p or ts .  The samp l i n g p or ts wer e e i ther 1 or 1 1 /2 i nches i n  d i ameter , s i tuat ed i n  the s i l o  wal l 3 f eet 0 above t h e  bottom and sp aced at 60 ang l es .  The s i l os were p l a c ed on a concret e  s l ab equi p p ed w i t h  a " U "  shap ed t r ou g h  for c o l l ec t i on of seepage l i qu i d s .  Pac k i ng was a c c omp l i sh ed by t wo p er sons wal k i ng on t h e  sur f ac e  of t h e  s i l ag e  d ur i ng f i l l i ng .  The s i l os were c overed wi t h  a p l ast i c  c over an d a wooden l i d  p l aced on t h e  p l ast i c  suc h  t h at t h e  l i d f i t  i ns i d e  t h e  s i l o . Cement b l oc ks were p l aced on t h e  l i d � c  p r ov i d e  approx i mat e l y 1 200 l b  of wei g h t . An i nd oor-outdoor thermometer was i nst al l ed through one samp l i ng p er t  w i th a sensor l oc at ed i n  the center of the s i l o . Temperatures of the s i l ag e  were recor ded at 5 p . m . d a i l y  -f cr . :26 d ays af t er ens i l i n g . Samp l es of f or ag e  wer e c o l l ected at ens i l i n g , p l ac ed i n  doub l e  p l ast i c:  b a g s , c l osed w i th a f astener and i mmed i atel y f_ro:r: en f or c hemi c a l  ana l yses . Sampl es of ensi l ag e  were c o l l ec ­ted d a i l y  throu g h  t h e  p ort open i ngs a n d  as t h e  s i l ag e  was re­moved f rom t h e  s i l o  f or f eed i n g .  a Z ymo-Best , Prem i er Mal t  Products I nc . , M i l wa u k ee , W I . b B l a i r Manuf actur i ng Company ,  Bl ai r ,  NE . 2 2  Dry mat ter c on t ent of t h e  f or ag e  at en s i l i ng was d eter ­m i ned by d r y i n g  t r i p l i cate quan t i t i es < 1 00 gr ams > i n  a f or c ed ai r oven at 70 C f or 24 h our s .  A c h em i c a l  s i l ag e  qual i t y p r o­f i l e  was c omp l et ed on a l l rema i n i n g samp l es .  Moi sture and t ot al n i trogen c on t en t  were d et er m i n ed on f r oz en mater i a l f i ne l y  g r ound i n  a r ever s i b l e  h omogen i z er . Moi stur e was deter m i ned b y  t o l uene d i st i l l at i on w i th c or r ec t i ons f or ac i d  conten t . The batter y  of tests perf ormed on the samp l es i nc l uded p H ,  t i trat­a b l  e a c i d i ty ,  ammon i a  n i trogen , l ac t i c  a c i d and organ i c  ac i ds ( ac et i c ,  p r6� i on i c ,  butyr i c ) . Preservat i on of d r y  matter was d et er m i ned on t h e  b a s i s of dry matter en s i l ed versus t h at r emoved f rom the s i l o .  Spoi l ed s i l ag e  was separated f r om t h e  f eedab l e  si l ag e ,  wei g h ed an d samp l ed as t h e  s i l os were emp t i ed . Ut i l i z a t i on of n u t r i ents by c a tt l e  f ed t h e  untreated and enz yme-tr eated si l ag e  was d e t er m i n ed i n  a d i g est i on-n i tr og en b a l ance t r i al . Twel ve steers averag i ng 604 l b  were p l aced i n  i n d i vi dual pens at t h e  A n i mal Sc i enc e  Comp l ex .  The p en s  wer e equ i p p e d  w i th aut omat i c  watere r s  and were s i tuated over c on cr ete sl atted f l oors .  Al l st eer s were f ed unt r eat ed corn s i l ag e  p r oduced l oc a l l y  f or about 2 wee k s .  T h e  steers wer e t h en wei ghed and a l l ot ted t o  the two s i l ag e  t reatments w i th s i x st eer s p er treatment . The ex p er i ment a l  si l ages were f ed an add i t i onal 1 0  d ays and t hen t h e  c att l e  were transf erred f rom t h e  p en s  t o  metabo l i sm cr ates . A n  add i t i on a l  7 d ays were a l l owed f or adj ustment of the catt l e  to the c r ates and a 5-day total c o l l ec t i on d i g est i on-n i t r og en b a l an c e  tr i al was c onduc t ed . The steers were f ed s i l ag e  t w i ce d ai l y  and ref used f eed was wei g h ed and samp l ed t h e  f ol l ow i n g  morn i ng .  A sup p l ement contai n i n g 58 . l X  soybean meal C 44 /.  p r ot e i n > , 29 . 7X g r ou n d  c or n , 2% ground l i mest one ,  6 . 2/. d i c al c i um p h os p h at e  an d 5'Y. trac:e m i n er a l  sal t was f ed at a r ate of 1 . 4  l b  per steer d a i l y .  The supp l ement c ont a i ned 1 0 , 000 I U  of v i t ami n A p er p ound . Feed ref usa l s ,  f ec es a_nd ur i ne c o l l ect i on s  were hand l ed ac:cor d i n g  t o  c onven­t i on a l  p r oc edures . Measures of uti l i z at i on i nc l uded the d i gest­i b i l i ty of dry matter , c: rude p r otei n and organ i c: matter . Ni t r o­gen ret a i ned f or p r oduct i ve p ur poses was rep ort ed as a p er c en t ­age o f  n i trogen c on sumed . Heat p r od uct i on d ur i n g the f ermen t at i on of un tr eated an d enz yme-tr eated s i l ag e  i s  present ed i n  f i gure 1 .  Temperatures at ensi l i ng wer e 72 F .  Peak temperatures o c c urred at day 5 wi th 86 F and 90 F f or t h e  untr eat ed an d enz yme-tr eat ed s i l ag es .  These smal l d i f f eren ces bet ween t h e  s i l ag es wer e ob ser ved dur i n g t h e  r ema i n i ng days of f ermentat i on .  Numer i c a l l y ,  the d i f f erences b etween the s i l ag e  tr eatments wer e sma l l and woul d b e  c o n � i dered w i th i n the range of normal var i at i on .  23 · Sel ected c h em i c a l  c harac t er i st i c s of un treated an d enz yme­treated c or n  s i l ag e  are p r esent e d  i n  t ab l e  1 .  The f ermen t at i on p r oc eeded rather r ap i d l y  as i nd i c a t ed b y  pH ·val ues at or b e l ow 4 shor t l y a f t er storage .  Ammon i a  n i t r og en f or mat i on was var i ab l e w i t h  somewhat h i g h er val ues observed i n  b ot h  s i l ages t owar d the end of t h e  f ermentat i on p er i od .  Compar i ng t h e  t wo s i l ag es i n  l ac t i c  a c i d c on t en t , t h e  enz yme-t reated s i l ag e  h ad h i g h er l evel s than untr eated s i l ag e  i n  1 5  d ays out of a t ot a l  of 24 n Organ i c ac i d  p r od uc t i on was h i g h er f or the t r eat ed s i l ag e  than f or t h e  unt reated s i l ag e  i n  o n l y  9 d ays out of 24 . Chem i c a l  p r of i l es of t h e  ex p er i men t a l  s i l ages at t i me of f ee d i ng are shown i n  t ab l e  2 .  There were on l y  smal l d i f f er en c es b et ween t h e  untr eated an d enz yme-t r eated s i l ag e  f or t h e  c hemi c a l  p a r ameter s measur e d . Lact i c  ac i d  c ontent i n  untreated s i l ag e  was 2 . 964 o f  t h e  d r y  matt er and 3 . 484 i n  enz yme-t r eated s i l ag e  f or a p er c en t a g e  i ncr ease o f  1 9% .  T h e  d a t a  f or l ac t i c ac i d  and org an i c  ac i ds c l ose l y p ar a l l el ed t h at observed d ur i ng t h e  f i r st 3 week s  of storage < tab l e  1 ) . Nutr i en t  ut i l i z at i on and n i t r og e n  b a l an c e  i n  b eef steers are p resen t ed i n  t ab l e  3 .  D i g est i b i l i ty of d r y  matt er , crude p r ot e i n and org an i c  mat t er was essent i al l y t h e  same f or stee r s  f ed unt reated s i l ag e  as f or t hose f ed t h e  enz yme t r eated s i l ag e .  Ni t r og en l osses v i a t h e  uri ne were h i gher f or steer s f ed t h e  enz yme-tr eated s i l ag e .  Th i s  r esu l t ed i n  t h e  n i tr ogen retai ned f or p r oduc t i ve p ur poses of 43 . 22% and 39 . 86% ,  f or untreated and enz yme-tr eated s i l ag e ,  r espec t i ve l y .  Dry mat t er r e c overy val ues are p resented i n  t ab l e 4 .  The r ec overy of dry matt er as f ee d ab l e  s i l ag e  was 99 . 824 f or un­t r eated si l ag e  and 97. 60h f or enz yme-treated s i l ag e .  These d i f f er en c es wer e c aused by t h e  g reater quan t i t y  of spo i l ed and unr ec cver ed s i l ag e  w i t h  the s i l o  conta i n i ng the enz yme-tr eated s i l ag e n  Fur t h er r esearc h  w i l l  b e  r equi red t o  deter m i n e  the magn i tude of l osses i n  enz yme-t r eate d  s i l ag e  stored i n  l ar g er t ower-type s i l os .  2 4  100 90 8 0  J:>:.i 0 Q) l-1 :I .j,J ro l-1 Q) 70 Q. � E-1 60 50 -------------- Untreated � - - - - Enzyme-treated r 0 I. I I 'I (' 'A,\ . .  I - -5 * * -..... ' ,., """, '-.._""' ., \ ' * Observation not record ed I I t 1 0  15  2 0  Days Af t er Ensiling ' .._ "'\  \ \ I 25 ' 30 Figure 1 .  Fermentat ion Temperatures of Untreat ed and Enzyme-Treat ed Corn Silage 25 N ()\ TABLE 1 .  SELECTED CHEM I CAL CHARACTER I ST I CS OF UNTREATED AND ENZYME-TREATED CORN S I LAGE DUR I NG FERMENTAT I ON Yn1�§st�9 §i!se� sn��m§=t��s!�g !i!sa!f Day af t er Ammon i a  b Lac: t i E= Organ i!= Ammon i a  b Lac t i c Or g an i c  . de c en si l i ng p H  n i t r ogen ac i d  ac i d s p H  n i trogen ac1 ac i ds --------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------d 5 . 02 0 . 74 0 . 69 d 0 4 . 69 0 . 6 1  0 . 93 1 . 67d 0 . 56d 1 4 . 2 1  0 . 64 1 .  85 1 . 98d 4 . 40 0 . 9 1  1 . 38 1 u 68d 2 4 . 02 0 . 64 2 . 37 1 .  75d 4 . 08 0 . 68 2 .. 03 1 . 24 3 4 . 08 0 . 65 2 .  1 2  1 . 36 3 . 94 0 . 5 1  2 . 9 1  1 . 59d 4 3 . 82 0 . 64 3 . 66 2 . 06 3 . 86 0 . 77 3 . 46 2 . 88 5 4 . 00 0 . 52 3 . 07 1 .  67 3 . 84 0 . 78 3 . 8 1  1 . 8 1 6 3 . 75 0 . 6 1  4 . 08 1 . 42 3 . 84 0 . 69 3 . 90 1 . 58d 7 3 . 26 0 . 80 4 . 48 1 . 67 4 . 27 0 . 60 1 .  77 1 . 59 8 3 . 32 0 . 75 3 . 96 2 . 03 3 . 22 1 . 05 4 . 79 2 . 04 9 4 . 34 1 . 42 1 . 43 3 . 1 3d 3 . 3 1  0 . 87 5 .. 58 2 . 97 10 3 . 6 1 e 1 . 1 3 1 . 84 2 . 85d 3 . 8 1e 0 . 40 2 . 52 1 . 38d 1 1  6 . 23 .. 95 0 . 36 2 . 33d 5 u 20 1 . 1 1  1 . 43 L 64 1 2  3 . 25 1 . 40 3 . 66 2 . 4 2  3 . 1 7  1 . 09 6 . 29 1 . 35 1 3  3 . 1 4  L 1 4  4 .. 47 1 .  7 1  3 . 1 2  1 . 03 4 .. 8 1  2 . 25 1 4  3 . 6 1 2 . 32 3 . 33 0 . 98 3 . 62 0 .. 86 3 . 22 2 . 02 1 5  3 . 40e 1 . 36 2 . 65 4 . 08d 3 . 6 1  1 .  47 2 . 98 2 . 58 1 6  6 . 83 2 . 28 0 . 23 1 . 44 3 . 68 L 22 5 . 1 7  - 41:;'. ..::. • ud 1 7  3 . 07 1 . 08 5 . 45 2 . 1 8  4 . 60 0 . 48 1 . 55 1 . 06 1 8  3 . 53 1 . 03 4 .. 02 4 . 06 3 . 70 L 1 1  3 ., 40 4 . 0 1 1 9  3 . 46 1 . 89 3 . 1 6  3 .  1 9  3 u 68 L 1 4  4 . 44 1 . 53 20 ..,.. !::'.? 1 .  33 3 . 00 4 . 30d 3 � 32 1 . 0 1 4 . 38 2 .  1 6  ..::. • i:J-e 2 1  5 . 3 1  2 . 50 0 . 73 2 . 67 3 . 69 1 . 38 1 . 57 1 . 45d 22 3 . 34 0 . 90 3 . 30 1 . 6 1 3 . 6 1  1 .  2 1  3 ., 50 i . 87 23 3 . 34 1 . 28 3 .  1 8  2 . 65 3 . 27 1 . 26 4 ., 63 2 . 53 ------- - - - - - - - --- -------------- --------- - ----- - - - - - ---- - - -�--------------- - ----------- - - -. :Treated w i t h  . 5  l b  Z ymo-Best per t on of wet f or age . cPer cent of total n i t r ogen . dPer c ent of t ot a l  d r y  mat t er . eCon t a i ned t r- aces of butyr i c:  ac i d .  Spoi l ed s i l age i n  samp l e .  TABLE 2 .  CHEMI CAL PROF I LES OF UNTREATED AND ENZVME­TREATED CORN S I LAGE AT T I ME OF FEED I NG 899i:t.i�� :t.c•s:t.m•n:t. Unt r eated Enz yme-tr eated si l ag e  s i l ag ea . ----------------------�-----------------------------------------No . of sam15l es 20 2 1  Dry matt er 39 . 94 38 . 85 p H  . 4 . 1 5  4 . 1 0  Ti tratab l e  ac i d i !Yc 1 0 . 90 9 . 25 Ammon i a  n i trog en 1 . 42 1 . 32 E•ci:•n:t. g:f. st:� m@:t.:t.ge. Crude p r ot e i n e . 42 S . 68 Lact i c  a c i d 2 . 96 3 . 48 Vol at i l e  f at t y  ac i ds Acet i c  2 . 04 1 . 6-9 Prop i on i c:  . 44 . 42 Bu t yr i c e f Tota l  2 . 48 2 . 1 1  : Treated w i t h  . 5  l b  Z ymo-Best par ton wet f or ag e .  Tol uene d i st i l l at i on wi t h  ac i d  correct i on .  � Mi l l i l i t ers . l N KOH t o  b r i ng p H  t o  7. Perc en t  of t o t a l  n i t r og en . e . f One samp l e  showed t r ac es . F i ve samp l es showed t r ac es . 2 7  TABLE 3 o  D i l3EST I B I L I TY AND N I TROGEN RETENT I ON W I TH STEERS FED UNTREATED AND ENZYME-TREATED CORN S I LAGE ----------�---------�----- ---------------------------�----------B99iti�g t�§stm�ot Untreat ed Enz yme-Treated s i l ag e  s i l ag e2 ---------=--�--------------- ----------------------.---------"-----==-::-c:>l'-.--..o No . of steers Avg wei g h t , l b  Dry mat t�r c on sump t i on ,  g /d ay Ni t rogen bc:on sump t i on ,  g / d ay Di gest i b i l i ty ,  7. Dry matter Cru d e  p r ote i n Org an i c  matter Ni trogen b a l anc e ,  g /day Feca l  Ur i nary Ret a i ned Per cent n i t r og en r et a i n ed of c onsumed , 7. 6 605 67 1 7  1 1 0 . e 72. 04 63 . 1 4  73 . 5 8  40 . 94 2 1 . 99 47 . 95 43 . 22 6 603 667 1 1 1 L 2  73 . 56 64 .. 30 75 .. 1 5  39 . 73 :26 e 80 44 . 7'2 39 .. 86 '·:Treated w i t h  . 3  l b  Zymo-:Best p er t on o-f wet f or ag e .  1 p ound = 454 g r am s .  TABLE 4 .  PRESERVAT I ON O F  DRY MATTER I N  UNTREATED AND ENZYME-TREATED CORN S ILAGE For age dry matter at stor ag e ,  7. Dry mat t er , stor ed , l bb Dry matt er f or -f eed i ng ,  l b  As a 7. of dry mat t er stored , Dry matt er spo i l ed and n ot recovered , l b  As a 7. of dry matt er stored , 822111�� 1��etm�n1 Unt reated Enz yme-treat ed ' l  · 1  a s 1  age s1 age 38 . 24 1 759 . 0 1 755 a 8 99 . 82 3 . 2 o .  1 8  38 . 89 1 948 . 9 1 902 a 1 97 a 60 46 . 8 :Treated wi th . 5  l b  Z ymo-Best per t on wet f or ag e .  Storage p er i od = 2 1 3  d ay s .  28 

Effect of Enzymes on Corn Silage Quality, Preservation and Utilization by Beef Steers

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&amp;context=sd_cattlefeed_1984

Effect of Enzymes on Corn Silage Quality, Preservation and Utilization by Beef Steers

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