Four medication schemes for adapting stressed feeder calves t o the feedlot were evaluated in a 110-day trial. A total of 160 Hereford, Angus and Hereford x Angus steers (544 lb.) were fed a high-corn silage diet supplemented with the following medications: (1) nonmedicated control, (2) chlortetracyclinesulfamethazine (350 mg/steer of each compound for 28 days, (3) oxytetracycline (2 g/steer) for 10 days, then 1 g/steer for 4 days) and (4) oxytetracycline (2 g/steer for 14 days). Average daily gain, dry matter consumption and feed conversion were similar (P\u3e.05) for calves in all treatments. None of the steers required additional medication during the trial

Luther, Richard M.

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Beef Report, 1986 Animal Science Reports1986Effect of Antibiotics in Adaptation of Growing BeefCalves to the FeedlotRichard M. LutherSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_1986Part of the Meat Science CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Beef Report, 1986 by an authorized administrator of OpenPRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contactmichael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationLuther, Richard M., "Effect of Antibiotics in Adaptation of Growing Beef Calves to the Feedlot" (1986). South Dakota Beef Report,1986. Paper 11.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_1986/11EFPECL' OF AIWIBIOTICS IN ADAPTATION OF GRaWIM; BEEF CALVES TO TBE FEEDLOT Richard M. Luther  Department of Animal and Range Sciences Four medicat ion schemes f o r  adapt ing s t r e s s e d  f e e d e r  ca lves  t o  t h e  f e e d l o t  were eva lua ted  i n  a 110-day t r i a l .  A t o t a l  of 160 Hereford, Angus and Hereford x Angus s t e e r s  (544 l b )  were f ed  a high-corn s i l a g e  d i e t  supplemented w i t h  t h e  fol lowing medicat ions:  (1)  nonmedicated c o n t r o l ,  (2)  c h l o r t e t r a c y c l i n e -  sulfamethazine (350 mg/steer  of each compound f o r  28 days, (3)  oxyte t ra -  c y c l i n e  (2  g / s t e e r )  f o r  10  days, then  1 g / s t e e r  f o r  4 days) and (4)  oxyte t ra -  c y c l i n e  ( 2  g / s t e e r  f o r  1 4  days) .  Average d a i l y  ga in ,  dry m a t t e r  consumption and feed  convers ion  were s i m i l a r  (P>.05) f o r  ca lves  i n  a l l  t rea tments .  None of t h e  s t e e r s  r equ i r ed  a d d i t i o n a l  medicat ion dur ing  t h e  t r i a l .  (Key Words : A n t i b i o t i c s ,  Adaptation, Beef Calves. ) In t roduc t ion  S t r e s s  of weaning and sh ipping  ca lves  i s  f r equen t ly  followed by s i ckness  and d i s e a s e  r equ i r ing  ex tens ive  t reatment  and causing slow ga ins  and/or  dea th  l o s s e s  dur ing  a d a p t a t i o n  t o  t h e  f eed lo t .  Such problems i n  adap t ing  ca lves  t o  t h e  f e e d l o t  a r e  c o s t l y  t o  t h e  feeder .  Experiments conducted a t  t h e  South Dakota Experiment S t a t i o n  demonstrated t h e  v a l u e  of a n t i b i o t i c s  and combinations of a n t i b i o t i c s  and s u l f a  drugs i n  reducing inc idence  of d i s e a s e  and improving e a r l y  f e e d l o t  performance of ca lves  fol lowing weaning and shipping.  Because t h i s  work was conducted s e v e r a l  y e a r s  ago and because of renewed i n t e r e s t  o r  concern about t h e  c u r r e n t  e f f e c t i v e n e s s  of a n t i b i o t i c s ,  a t r i a l  was conducted w i t h  s t r e s s e d  f eede r  ca lves .  The experiment compared t h e  performance of f e e d l o t  c a t t l e  fed  a nonmedicated d i e t  o r  d i e t s  con ta in ing  chlortetracycline-sulfamethazine and oxy te t r acyc l ine .  Procedures A shipment of 171 s t e e r  ca lves  (Hereford, Angus, Hereford x Angus) averaging 580 l b  (pay weight)  was purchased a t  a l i v e s t o c k  auc t ion  i n  wes tern  South Dakota. The c a t t l e  were i n  t r a n s i t  5.5 hours. Upon a r r i v a l  a t  t h e  f e e d l o t ,  they were he ld  an a d d i t i o n a l  8 hours  without  feed o r  water  and weighed e a r l y  t h e  fol lowing morning. The ca lves  averaged 544 l b ,  r e s u l t i n g  i n  a 6.2% sh r ink  based on pay weight.  A t o t a l  of 160 s t e e r s  were s e l e c t e d  from t h e  shipment on weight and a l l o t t e d  t o  20 pens of e i g h t  s t e e r s  each. The ca lves  were i d e n t i f i e d ,  implanted w i t h  ~ a l ~ r o l  (36 mg/steer)  and vacc ina ted  f o r  4-way C l o s t r i d i a  spp.. Bovine Virus  Diar rhea  (BVD) , Bovine Rhinot rachea t i s  (IBR) and para- inf luenza p r i o r  t o  a l lo tment .  Corn s i l a g e  f ed  i n  t h e  t r i a l  was harves ted  from well-eared corn forage  (1983 crop)  and s t o r e d  i n  two conc re t e  s t a v e  s i l o s  (18 x 50 f t ) .  One s i l o  contained un t r ea t ed  s i l a g e  and t h e  o t h e r  was t r e a t e d  wi th  a s i l a g e  add i t i ve .  Four supplemental t r ea tmen t s  were f ed  wi th  each s i l a g e .  The supplement and days of a d a p t a t i o n  feeding  were: Treatment no. -Medication. feeding  l e v e l  and days f ed  1 Nonmedicated c o n t r o l  f o r  110 days AS-7002. 350 mg c h l o r t e t r a c y c l i n e  and 350 mg sulfamethazine pe r  s t e e r  f o r  28 days ~ e r r a m ~ c i n 3 ,  2  g oxy te t r acyc l ine  pe r  s t e e r  f o r  10 days. then  1 g oxy te t r acyc l ine  f o r  4 days Terramycin. 2 g  oxy te t r acyc l ine  pe r  s t e e r  f o r  14  days Composition of t h e  supplements i s  presented  i n  t a b l e  1. Each supplement was formulated t o  con ta in  approximately 35% crude p r o t e i n  (dry b a s i s )  and was f ed  a t  a  r a t e  of 2 l b  p e r  s t e e r  da i ly .  The nonmedicated c o n t r o l  supplement was f ed  from t h e  completion of t h e  medicat ion t rea tments  t o  t h e  end of t h e  t r i a l .  S i l age  was f ed  according t o  a p p e t i t e .  I n i t i a l  weights  were those  of t he  c a t t l e  upon a r r i v a l  a t  t h e  f e e d l o t .  F i n a l  weights  were recorded a f t e r  an overnight  s tand  without  feed  o r  water .  The c a t t l e  were i n d i v i d u a l l y  weighed without  sh r ink  a t  i n t e r v a l s  of 15. 30. 58. 86 and 110 days. S i l a g e  and supplement were ba t ch  mixed and de l ive red  t o  a  fence- l ine  feed  bunk. Weight gain,  feed  consumption and feed  conversion were computed a t  t h e  end of each i n t e r v a l .  Each of t h e  f o u r  t r ea tmen t s  was r e p l i c a t e d  twice wi th  each s i l a g e .  A t h i r d  p a r t i a l  r e p l i c a t i o n  included only t rea tments  2 and 3 wi th  each s i l a g e  f o r  a  t o t a l  of 20 pens of 8 ca lves  each. Samples of s i l a g e  and supplement were c o l l e c t e d  twice weekly, oven d r i e d  and prepared f o r  chemical ana lys i s .  l ~ n t e r n a t i o n a l  Minerals  and Chemical Corporation. Te r re  Haute. I N .  47808. 2 ~ m e r i c a n  Cyanamid Co.. Pr inceton.  NJ, 08540. 3 ~ i f z e r .  Inc. ,  Lee ' s  Summit. MOB 64063. Resu l t s  and Discuss ion  S t a t i s t i c a l  ana lyses  of t h e  f e e d l o t  performance d a t a  showed t h a t  no i n t e r a c t i o n  (P>.05) e x i s t e d  between medicat ion and s i l a g e  t rea tments .  The d a t a  w e r e  t h e r e f o r e  averaged a c r o s s  s i l a g e  t rea tments  and presen ted  a s  f o u r  medicat ion t rea tments .  Feed Consumption. Dry matter i n t a k e s  a r e  presen ted  i n  t a b l e  2. Feeding t h e r a p e u t i c  l e v e l s  of chlortetracycine-sulfamethazine o r  o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e  t h e  f i r s t -  1 4  o r  28 days of a d a p t a t i o n  of c a t t l e  t o  t h e  f e e d l o t  had no e f f e c t  (P>.05) on f eed  consumption. Calves i n  each  medicat ion group consumed amounts of d ry  d i e t  comparable t o  c a l v e s  f ed  t h e  nonmedicated d i e t .  Growth Performance. Body weight ga in  responses  t o  short- term medicat ion a r e  shown i n  t a b l e  3.  Recovery of s h r i n k  through inc reased  gu t  con ten t  c o n t r i b u t e d  t o  h igh  s t e e r  g a i n s  i n  a l l  t rea tment  groups a f t e r  15 days. S t e e r s  f e d  chlortetracycline-sulfamethazine (350 mg each compound/steer d a i l y )  gained t h e  f a s t e s t  (4.90 lb/day)  , whi l e  t h e  s lowes t  g a i n s  (4.28 lb/day)  w e r e  made by s t e e r s  f ed  o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e  a t  2  g  p e r  steer f o r  1 0  days followed by 1 g p e r  steer f o r  4  days. Gains  f o r  t h e  c o n t r o l  and o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e  f e d  a t  2  g  p e r  steer f o r  1 4  days were in t e rmed ia t e .  These weight  g a i n s  w e r e  n o t  d i f f e r e n t  (P>.05) .  A f t e r  an a d d i t i o n a l  2  weeks, gu t  con ten t  ( f i l l )  appeared t o  have s t a b i l i z e d  and weight  g a i n s  g e n e r a l l y  diminished f o r  a l l  t rea tment  groups. Cumulative g a i n s  w e r e  h i g h e r  (2.93 lb/day)  f o r  steers f ed  t h e  chlortetracycine-sulfamethazine combination than  those  f e d  e i t h e r  of t h e  o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e  t r ea tmen t s  (2.53 and 2.58 lb /day)  o r  t h e  c o n t r o l s  (2.51 lb /day) .  A s  t h e  experiment progressed  through t h e  58-, 86- and 110-day i n t e r v a l s ,  g a i n s  f o r  steers t h a t  rece ived  medicated feed  dur ing  t h e  i n i t i a l  1 4  o r  28 days w e r e  s i m i l a r  t o  t hose  f o r  steers i n  t h e  nonmedicated group. While cumulat ive g a i n s  a t  110 days w e r e  h ighe r  (2.42 lb /day)  f o r  t h e  chlortetracycline-sulfamethazine t rea tment ,  d i f f e r e n c e s  i n  growth observed between nonmedicated (2.33 lb/day)  and medicated t r ea tmen t s  (2.32 and 2.33 lb /day)  were no t  s t a t i s t i c a l l y  s i g n i f i c a n t .  Feed Conversion. Feed e f f i c i e n c y  d a t a  r epo r t ed  by weight  pe r iods  and -cumulat ively are shown i n  t a b l e  4. Since t h e r e  were no major  o r  c o n s i s t e n t  d i f f e r ences -  i n  f eed  consumption between t r ea tmen t s ,  feed  convers ion  d a t a  w e r e  p r imar i l y  a  r e f l e c t i o n  of r a t e  of growth. S t e e r s  f e d  t h e  chlortetracycline-sulfamethazine combination tended t o  b e  t h e  most e f f i c i e n t .  However, none of t h e  measures of feed  e f f i c i e n c y  were d i f f e r e n t  (P>.05) .  The c a l v e s  a v a i l a b l e  f o r  t h i s  s tudy had been weaned and appeared t o  be  accustomed t o  e a t i n g  from a bunk p r i o r  t o  shipment. The animals  w e r e  somewhat s t r e s s e d  from shipment and handl ing  upon a r r i v a l  a t  t h e  f e e d l o t  b u t  w e r e  a l lowed t o  rest i n i t i a l l y  under good environmental c o n d i t i o n s  and c a r e f u l l y  monitored a t  a l l  t i m e s  f o r  s i c k n e s s  and comfort. None of t h e  steers r equ i r ed  a d d i t i o n a l  medicat ion dur ing  t h e  t r i a l .  The apparen t  l a c k  of response t o  medicat ion e a r l y  i n  adapt ing  c a l v e s  t o  t h e  f e e d l o t  may have been due t o  t h e  good c o n d i t i o n  of t h e  ca lves ,  t h e i r  e a r l y  h igh  feed  i n t a k e s  and r a t h e r  i d e a l  cond i t i ons  under  which t h e  experiment was conducted. TABLE 1 . PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF THE SUPPLEMENTS Supplement mix tures  C h l o r t e t r a -  cy c l  ine-  s u l  fametha- Non- z i n e  (350 mg medicated each compound Oxy te t r acyc l i ne  I n g r e d i e n t  c o n t r o l  d a i l y )  2 g/day 1 g/day Soybean meal (44% P) Ground corn  Ground l imes tone  Dicalc ium phosphate  Trace  mine ra l  sa l t  Vitamin a premixa Aureo S-700b Terramycin-50c a Conta ins  30.000 I U  of v i t a m i n  A p e r  gram of premix (Hoffman-LaRoche. Nutley.  N J .  07110).  Conta ins  35 g of c h l o r t e t r a c y c l i n e  and 35 g of su l famethaz ine  p e r  pound of product .  Conta ins  50 g o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e  p e r  pound of product .  TABLE 2. DRY FEED INTAKE BY WEIGH PERIOD AND CUMULATIVELY Treatment 1 2 3 4 Ch lo r t e t r a -  cyc l ine-  sulfametha- z i n e a  (350 mg ~ x y t e t r a c ~ c l i n e b  Non- each compound (2  g / s t e e r / d a y  medicated d a i l y  f o r  f o r  1 0  days. (2  g / s t e e r / day  Item c o n t r o l  28 days) 1 g f o r  4 days)  f o r  1 4  days)  Dry f eed  i n t a k e .  l b c  15  days  12.4 12.5 12.3 12.5  15 days (30) 14.6 (13.5) 15.5 (14.0) 14.6 (13.4) 15.1 (13.5) 28 days  (58) 17.0 (15.2) 17.5 (15.7) 17.6 (15.4) 17.7 (15.7) 28 days  (86) 18.6 (16.3) 18.7 (16.7) 18.9  (16.6) 18.6 (16.6) 24 days 19.0 19.2 19.2 18.9  Overa l l .  110 days (16.9) (17.2) (17.1) (17.1) a Conta ins  35 g c h l o r t e t r a c y c l i n e  and 35 g su l famethaz ine  p e r  pound. Conta ins  50 g o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e  p e r  pound. C Values  i n  p a r e n t h e s i s  a r e  cumulat ive .  TABLE 3. FEEDLOT GAINS BY WEIGH PERIODS AND CUMULATIVELY Treatment 1 2 3 4 Chlor te t ra -  cy c l  ine- sulfametha- z inea  (350 mg 0xy te t r acyc l ineb  Non- each compound (2 g / s t ee r /day  medicated d a i l y  f o r  f o r  10 days. (2 g / s t ee r /day  Item c o n t r o l  28 days 1 g f o r  4 days) f o r  14 days) Number of animals 32 48 4 8 32 I n i t .  w t . .  l b  546.5 543.2 543.4 543.4 F i n a l  w t . ,  l b  802.8 809.1 798.6 800.1 Avg d a i l y  ga in ,  l b C  15 days 4.50 4.90 4.28 4.55 15 days (30) .52 (2.51) .81 (2.93) .78 (2.53) .60 (2.58) 28 days (58) 3.08 (2.79) 2.99 (2.92) 3.15 (2.83) 3.12 (2.84) 28 days (86) 2.03 (2,54) 2.01 (2.62) 1.85 (2.51) 2.05 (2.58) 24 days 1.57 1.68 1.63 1.44 Overa l l ,  110 days (2.33) (2.42) (2 -32) (2.33) a Contains 35 g c h l o r t e t r a c y c l i n e  and 35 g sulfamethazine pe r  pound. b Contains  50 g oxy te t r acyc l ine  pe r  pound. Values i n  pa ren thes i s  a r e  cumulative. TABLE 4. FEED EFFICIENCY BY WEIGH PERIOD AND CUMULATIVELY Treatment 1 2 3 4 Chlor te t ra -  cyc l  ine- sulfametha- z inea  (350 mg ~ x y t e t r a c ~ c l i n e b  Non- each compound (2 g / s t ee r /day  medicated d a i l y  f o r  f o r  10 days. (2 g / s t ee r /day  Item c o n t r o l  28 days) 1 g f o r  4 days) f o r  14 days) Feed pe r  cwt. ga inc  15 days 27 9 25 9 289 27 6 15 days (30) 2155 (538) 2140 (478) 2234 (531) 3113 (536) 28 days (58) 557 (545) 589 (537) 558 (545) 569 (553) 28 days (86) 936 (641) 952 (635) 1033 (660) 915 (644) 24 days 1244 117 1 1189 13 25 Overal l .  110 days (7 25 (713) (739) (734) a Contains 35 g c h l o r t e t r a c y c l i n e  adn 35 g sulfamethazine p e r  pound. Contains 50 g oxy te t r acyc l ine  per  pound. Values i n  pa ren thes i s  a r e  cumulative. 

Effect of Antibiotics in Adaptation of Growing Beef Calves to the Feedlot

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Effect of Antibiotics in Adaptation of Growing Beef Calves to the Feedlot

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