A two-year study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different protein sources on the performance of feeder cattle. During year 1 (Y1), 128 steers (506 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allocated to 16 pens in a completely randomized design. Each pen was assigned to one of four treatment diets: 1) 20% soybean meal and corn (SBM); 2) 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS); 3) 20% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS); or 4) 20% blood meal, oil and corn (BM). In Y1, steers were fed a diet that consisted of 74% alfalfa/grass hay, 4% molasses and 2% supplement for the first 28 d and a diet that consisted of 50% alfalfa/grass hay, cracked corn, 4% molasses and 2% supplement for the remaining 56 d. During year 2 (Y2), 160 steers (535 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allotted to 16 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the four treatment diets used in Y1. The steers received the 50% alfalfa/grass hay based grower diet throughout the entire 57-d trial. Body weight was recorded prior to feeding at the start of the trial and every 28 d for both years. In Y1, ADG, DMI and G:F did not differ due to diet for the first 28 d and over the entire trial period. During the first 28 d of Y2, ADG, DMI and G:F was not affected by treatment; however, cumulative G:F of steers fed BM and WDGS were greater (P \u3c 0.05) than steers fed SBM or DDGS. In conclusion, feeding BM and WDGS during the growing phase resulted in the most efficient gains when steers were started on a higher energy diet. In addition, distillers grains with solubles was an effective alternative to soybean meal in growing diets

Mateo, Kristina S.

Rops, Bradley D.

Tjardes, Kent E.

Wright, Cody L.

English

Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange

South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Beef Report, 2004 Animal Science Reports2004Evaluation of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains withSolubles, Dry Distillers Grans with Solubles andBlood Meal to Growing SteersKristina S. MateoSouth Dakota State UniversityKent E. TjardesSouth Dakota State UniversityCody L. WrightSouth Dakota State UniversityBradley D. RopsSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_2004Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Beef Report, 2004 by an authorized administrator of OpenPRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contactmichael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationMateo, Kristina S.; Tjardes, Kent E.; Wright, Cody L.; and Rops, Bradley D., "Evaluation of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains withSolubles, Dry Distillers Grans with Solubles and Blood Meal to Growing Steers" (2004). South Dakota Beef Report, 2004. Paper 3.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_2004/3Evaluation of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles, Dry Distillers Grains with Solubles and Blood Meal to Growing Steers  Kristina S. Mateo1, Kent E. Tjardes2, Cody L. Wright2 and Bradley D. Rops3, 4Department of Animal and Range Sciences  BEEF 2004 – 02  Summary 1234A two-year study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different protein sources on the performance of feeder cattle. During year 1 (Y1), 128 steers (506 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allocated to 16 pens in a completely randomized design. Each pen was assigned to one of four treatment diets: 1) 20% soybean meal and corn (SBM); 2) 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS); 3) 20% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS); or 4) 20% blood meal, oil and corn (BM). In Y1, steers were fed a diet that consisted of 74% alfalfa/grass hay, 4% molasses and 2% supplement for the first 28 d and a diet that consisted of 50% alfalfa/grass hay, cracked corn, 4% molasses and 2% supplement for the remaining 56 d. During year 2 (Y2), 160 steers (535 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allotted to 16 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the four treatment diets used in Y1. The steers received the 50% alfalfa/grass hay based grower diet throughout the entire 57-d trial. Body weight was recorded prior to feeding at the start of the trial and every 28 d for both years. In Y1, ADG, DMI and G:F did not differ due to diet for the first 28 d and over the entire trial period. During the first 28 d of Y2, ADG, DMI and G:F was not affected by treatment; however, cumulative G:F of steers fed BM and WDGS were greater (P < 0.05) than steers fed SBM or DDGS. In conclusion, feeding BM and WDGS during the growing phase resulted in the most efficient gains when steers were started on a higher energy diet. In addition, distillers grains with solubles was an effective alternative to soybean meal in growing diets.                                                  1 Graduate Assistant 2 Assistant Professor 3 Research Assistant 4 The authors thank the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council for their financial support of this research.  Introduction  Feed intake of newly arrived calves is often low during the first two weeks of the feedlot receiving period (Fluharty and Loerch, 1995). Reduced intake has implications on how receiving diets should be formulated, and therefore, shipped or stressed cattle should be provided with a diet they will readily accept. Since DMI is usually low during the initial weeks of the feedlot receiving period, higher concentrations of dietary CP would be required to offset the effects of low DMI (Fluharty and Loerch, 1995). Eck et al. (1988) reported that ruminal degradability of protein has shown to affect performance of calves after arrival at the feedlot. Results of their study showed that incoming feedlot cattle for the first 28 days should receive a diet containing at least 12.5% CP and that at least 60% of the total dietary protein should be high-quality rumen escape protein.  Distillers grains with solubles (DG), a product of the dry milling industry, are excellent feed sources for feedlot cattle. They are normally available for use in feedlot diets in two forms: dried distillers with solubles (DDGS) and wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). The chemical composition of WDGS and DDGS typically does not differ except for its DM content (WDGS, 25-45%; DDGS, 90-95%). Distillers grains contain 10-15% fat, 40-45% NDF, 30-35% CP and 5% ash (NRC, 1996). Reported values for undegradable intake protein (UIP) as percent of CP range from 47-57.   This study was designed to determine the effect of feeding different protein sources (soybean meal, blood meal, DDGS and WDGS) on the intake and performance of feeder cattle.  8  Materials and Methods  During Y1, 128 steers (507 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allocated to 16 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of four treatment diets. Diets contained 1) 20% soybean meal and corn (SBM), 2) 20% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), 3) 20% wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS), or 4) 20% ring-dried blood meal, oil and corn (BM). Steers were fed a backgrounding diet that consisted of 74% alfalfa/grass hay, 4% molasses and 2% supplement for the first 28 d (Table 1) and a grower diet  that consisted of 50% alfalfa/grass hay, 4% molasses, 2% supplement  and cracked corn for the remaining 56 d (Table 2). The experimental period for Y1 lasted 84 days. During Y2, 160 steers (536 ± 40 lb) were weighed and randomly allotted to 16 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups used in Y1. In contrast to Y1, steers were fed the 50% hay grower diets throughout the 57-d experimental period (Table 2).  Body weight was recorded prior to feeding at the start of the experiment and every 28 days until the end of the experimental period for Y1 and Y2. All steers were vaccinated (respiratory and clostridial) and dewormed on d 0 and implanted with Ralgro at d 28.  Feed ingredients and treatment diets were sampled weekly, frozen immediately and later analyzed for DM (AOAC, 1995), CP (Macro-Kjeldahl N; AOAC, 1995), NDF, ADF (Goering and Van Soest, 1970), ash (AOAC, 1995; Table 3) and gross energy. Fecal samples were collected on d 28 and 85 in Y1, and d 28 and 84 in Y2, frozen immediately and later analyzed for DM, N, NDF and gross energy. Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, N, NDF and energy was determined using acid insoluble ash (Van Keulen and Young, 1977) as the internal marker.   Data were analyzed for a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. When the model was significant (P < 0.05), treatment means were separated using Fisher’s LSD.  Results  In Y1, ADG, DMI and G:F was not affected by treatment (P > 0.05) during the first 28 d when steers were fed the lower energy diets (Table 4). After the percentage of corn in the diet was increased, ADG, DMI and G:F was still not different due to treatment from d 28 to 56, d 56 to 84, and over the entire feeding period.   In Y2 (Table 6), DMI, ADG and G:F ratio during the first 28 d were not affected by treatment. From d 28 to 57, steers fed WDGS had greater (P < 0.05) ADG compared to SBM fed steers. Steers fed WDGS were more efficient (P < 0.05) than steers fed the other diets. Over the entire feeding period in Y2, steers fed BM and WDGS had greater (P < 0.05) G:F compared to steers fed SBM, but did not differ from steers fed DDGS.   In Y1, apparent total tract digestibility of DM, OM, N and NDF of diets containing DDGS, WDGS and BM did not differ between treatments on d 28 and 84 (Table 5). Similar to Y1, no differences in the apparent total tract digestibility of DM, OM, N and NDF were found in steers fed SBM, DDGS, WDGS or BM on d 28 and 57 in Y2 (Table 7).  During d 28 in Y1 (Table 5) and Y2 (Table 7), NEm and NEg of DDGS, WDGS and BM diets were greater (P < 0.05) than the SBM diet.  Implications  Results from this study show that feeding protein source over the entire feeding period that were higher in by-pass protein in growing diets did not consistently improve steer performance. However, distillers grains with solubles (wet or dry) was an effective alternative protein source to SBM in grower rations. 9 Literature Cited  AOAC, 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chem., Arlington, VA. Eck, T. P., S. J. Bartle, R. L. Preston, R. T. Brandt, Jr., and C. R. Richardson. 1988. Protein source level for incoming feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 66:1871-1876. Fluharty, F. L. and S. C. Loerch. 1995. Effects of protein concentration and protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1585-1594. Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications. Agric. Handbook No. 379. ARS, USDA, Washington, D.C. NRC. 1996. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 7th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Van Keulen J. and B. A. Young. 1977. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. J. Anim Sci. 44:282-287    Tables   Table 1. Composition of backgrounding diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) fed to starter calves during the first 28 d in Y1 Item, %DM SBM  DDGS WDGS BM Alfalfa Hay 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 Grass Hay 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0 DDGS -- 20.0 -- -- WDGS -- -- 20.0 -- Cracked Corn 10.0 -- -- 13.8 SBM 10.0 -- -- -- Blood Meal -- -- -- 5.2 Wet Molasses 4.0 4.0 -- 4.0 Dried Molasses -- -- 4.0 -- Soybean Oil -- -- -- 1.0 Supplementa 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 aProvides: ground corn, 1.118%; trace mineralized salt, 0.856%; Rumensin 80, 0.016%, Vitamin   A, 0.002%; CuSO4, 0.006%.    10  Table 2. Composition of grower diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) fed to steers during Y1 (d 56-84) and Y2 (d 0-57d) Item, %DM SBM  DDGS WDGS BM Alfalfa Hay 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 Grass Hay 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 DDGS -- 20.0 -- -- WDGS -- -- 20.0 -- Cracked Corn 34.0 24.0 24.0 38.0 SBM 10.0 -- -- -- Blood Meal -- -- -- 5.0 Wet Molasses 4.0 4.0 -- 4.0 Dried Molasses -- -- 4.0 -- Soybean Oil -- -- -- 1.0 Supplementa 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 aProvides: ground corn, 1.118%; trace mineralized salt, 0.856%; Rumensin 80, 0.016%, Vitamin A, 0.002%; CuSO4, 0.006%.    Table 3. Chemical composition of the diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) fed to steers during the backgrounding and growing period Item SBM DDGS WDGS BM Backgrounding Diet, Y1    DM, % 90.5 90.6 66.8 89.5    OM, %  90.6 90.9 91.3 91.1    CP, %  16.7 16.8 17.6 17.2    NDF, %  46.7 54.8 56.3 47.1    ADF, %  28.1 31.3 31.8 27.9    UIP, %CP* 33.3 45.4 38.2 45.6 Growing Diets, Y1    DM, % 85.5 86.3 63.7 84.4    OM, % 91.2 91.4 92.1 91.9    CP, % 16.8 16.3 17.8 17.2    NDF, % 34.5 40.8 45.8 34.0    ADF, % 20.6 22.1 23.3 19.7    UIP, %CP* 34.4 47.6 39.3 47.4 Growing Diets, Y2    DM, % 85.4 85.3 62.1 84.2    OM, % 91.7 92.2 92.3 92.5    CP, % 16.5 16.1 16.7 16.3    NDF, % 35.7 43.3 45.0 34.6    ADF, % 21.1 23.9 24.6 20.2    UIP, % CP* 34.7 45.6 39.4 45.7 *Calculated based on NRC (1996) values.   11  Table 4. Performance data of steers fed diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) during the backgrounding and growing period (Y1) Item SBM DDGS WDGS BM SEM Initial Weight, lb 502 505 508 509 7 day 0-28         ADG, lb/d 1.91 2.06 2.03 2.08 0.11    DMI, lb/d 12.03 12.09 11.54 12.35 0.38    Gain:Feed 0.159 0.170 0.176 0.169 0.009    Feed:Gain 6.34 5.34 5.71 5.98 0.32 day 28-56         ADG, lb/d 3.07 2.78 2.66 2.71 0.23    DMI, lb/d 16.67 16.8 15.89 17.39 0.68    Gain:Feed 0.183 0.165 0.168 0.156 0.011    Feed:Gain 5.53 6.27 5.98 6.43 0.42 day 56-84         ADG, lb/d 2.98 2.65 2.85 3.09 0.20    DMI, lb/d 19.4 19.31 18.77 20.84 1.30    Gain:Feed 0.158 0.138 0.151 0.150 0.013    Feed:Gain 6.55 7.33 6.79 6.8 0.60 Final Weight, lb 721 712 717 727 10 Cummulative (d 0-84)         ADG, lb/day 2.65 2.49 2.51 2.62 0.10    DMI, lb/day 15.99 16.03 15.36 16.81 0.73    Gain:Feed 0.166 0.156 0.163 0.157 0.005    Feed:Gain 6.03 6.42 6.14 6.42 0.21   Table 5. Apparent total tract digestibility and energy concentration of the diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) fed to steers during the backgrounding and growing period (Y1) Item SBM DDGS WDGS BM SEM  -----------------------------------  Day 28  ----------------------------------- Apparent total tract digestibility        DM, % 45.4 55.7 52.4 51.7 2.7    OM, % 46.4 57.0 53.7 53.0 2.7    N, % 47.1 61.0 61.4 56.1 3.6    NDF, % 47.3 57.9 54.5 53.4 2.6      Energy concentration of the diets        NEm, Mcal/lb DM 0.386a 0.490b 0.504b 0.522b 0.023    NEg, Mcal/lb DM 0.141a 0.240b 0.250b 0.263b 0.023        -----------------------------------  Day 84  ----------------------------------- Apparent total tract digestibility        DM, % 69.5 68.5 66.3 74.5 2.3    OM, % 71.0 70.0 67.8 76.3 2.3    N, % 58.5 66.3 67.1 74.7 2.3    NDF, % 70.9 73.1 70.0 71.2 2.9       Energy concentration of the diets        NEm, Mcal/lb DM 0.671 0.653 0.522 0.721 0.023    NEg, Mcal/lb DM 0.404 0.390 0.390 0.449 0.023 a,bMeans within the same row with different subscripts differ (P < 0.05).   12  Table 6. Performance data of steers fed diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) during Y2 Item SBM DDGS WDGS BM SEM Initial Weight, lb 537 536 531 538 7 day 0-28         ADG, lb/d 2.24 2.31 2.51 2.69 0.19    DMI, lb/d 15.60 15.89 15.65 15.46 0.32    Gain:Feed 0.144 0.145 0.160 0.174 0.010    Feed:Gain 7.12 7.03 6.28 5.83 0.46 day 28-57        ADG, lb/d 2.86a 3.07ab 3.30b 3.09ab 0.08   DMI, lb/d 19.68 19.36 17.84 18.74 0.48   Gain:Feed 0.146a 0.158ab 0.186c 0.165b 0.005    Feed:Gain 6.88 6.33ab 5.42c 6.08b 0.17 Final Weight, lb 682 689 696 703 9 Cummulative (day 0-57)        ADG, lb/d 2.55 2.68 2.90 2.88 0.1   DMI, lb/d 17.53 17.54 16.69 17.02 0.34   Gain:Feed 0.145a 0.153a 0.174b 0.170b 0.005   Feed:Gain 6.93a 6.56a 5.77b 5.92b 0.22 a,b,cMeans within the same row with different subscripts differ (P < 0.05).    Table 7. Apparent total tract digestibility of the diets that contained soybean meal (SBM), dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and blood meal (BM) fed to steers during the growing period (Y2) Item SBM DDGS WDGS BM SEM  -----------------------------------  Day 28  ----------------------------------- Apparent total tract digestibility       DM, % 72.2 69.8 68.8 73.7 2.5   OM, % 73.9 71.3 70.4 75.4 2.6   N, % 69.0 66.1 68.6 71.9 2.1   NDF, % 70.2 69.8 72.6 70.5 2.5       Energy concentration of the diets       NEm, Mcal/lb DM 0.685a 0.744b 0.776b 0.762b 0.014   NEg, Mcal/lb DM 0.417a 0.467b 0.499b 0.485b 0.014        -----------------------------------  Day 57  ----------------------------------- Apparent total tract digestibility       DM, % 63.5 61.4 62.4 62.6 2.3   OM, % 64.6 62.6 63.8 63.7 2.4   N, % 61.7 54.4 63.5 61.8 1.9   NDF, % 60.7 63.3 67.8 60.3 2.5       Energy concentration of the diets       NEm, Mcal/lb DM 0.658 0.694 0.685 0.712 0.014   NEg, Mcal/lb DM 0.395 0.422 0.417 0.440 0.014     13 

Evaluation of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles, Dry Distillers Grans with Solubles and Blood Meal to Growing Steers

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Evaluation of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles, Dry Distillers Grans with Solubles and Blood Meal to Growing Steers

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