The objective of this study was to evaluate commercially available sources of supplemental protein in diets for growing and finishing lambs. Supplements were selected to differ in protein in diets for growing and finishing lambs. Supplements were selected to differ in protein solubility and amino acid profile and were expected to be degraded at different rates in the rumen to furnish protein post-ruminally varying in dietary and bacterial origin. If the principles concerning these parameters reported by other investigators would be applicable, response in terms of growth and feed utilization would be a measure of the value of the supplements for productive purposes

Embry, L. B.

Luther, R. M.

Palmer, L. F.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1981 Animal Science Reports1981Protein Supplementation as Related to Sources ofProtein for Growing-Finishing LambsL. F. PalmerSouth Dakota State UniversityL. F. PalmerL. B. EmbryR. M. LutherFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_sheepday_1981This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1981 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationPalmer, L. F.; Palmer, L. F.; Embry, L. B.; and Luther, R. M., "Protein Supplementation as Related to Sources of Protein for Growing-Finishing Lambs" (1981). South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1981. Paper 8.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_sheepday_1981/81f'll SHEEP DAY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION AS RELATED TO SOURCES OF PROTEIN FOR GROWING-FINISH ING LAMBS L. F. Pal m er ,  L. B. Em bry and R. M. Luther  Depart me n t  o f  A n i m al Sc i e n ce Experi m e n t  Stat i o n  Summary So u t h  Dakota State U n i vers i t y  S H E E P  81-8 Two hundred f or ty cros sbr ed ewe and we ther lambs ranging from 55 to 1 00 lb . were a l lot ted in to f ive we ight group s averaging 8 1 . 6 , 7 1 . 9 , 7 0 . 2 ,  7 0 . 0 and 65 . 6  pounds .  Wi th in e ach weight group (rep li c a t ion ) , the l ambs were r andomly a llot ted to s ix supplement a l  treatmen t s  (contro l , soybean meal , corn glu ten mea l , urea , urea- soybean mea l  and urea- corn glu ten mea l )  to g ive r a t ions vary ing in p ro t e in solub i l i ty and amino acid  p ro f ile . Control  rat ions contained 1 1 % prot e in ,  wh i le pro tein con tent for rat ions of  supp lemen ted lamb s con tained about 1 3% p ro t e in ( dry ba s is ) . Lamb s were f ed from 50 days ( heavier weight grou p )  to 9 9  days ( l ight er we ight group ) to reach an average weight of  ap proxima tely 1 1 0  lb . a t  whi ch t ime they wer e marke ted . Supp lements were fed a t  a ra t e  o f  1 0% o f  the t o t a l  dry mat ter intake with the o ther 9 0 %  c ons i s t ing of  ground ear corn as  the basal feed . Resu l t s ob t a ined throughou t the trial  indicated a s igni f i can t ly h i gher (P< . 05 )  r a t e  of ga in for anima l s  supplemen ted wi th soybean meal , corn glu ten mea l , urea-soybean meal and urea- corn glu ten mea l  when comp ared to the c on tro l group . Urea- sup plemen ted lambs ga ined at a lower ra te , bu t no in i t ia l  period of lowered perf ormance dur ing adap t a t ion to urea wa s ob served . Anima ls f ed the control d ie t  consumed les s  dry ma t t er (P< . 05 )  than tho s e  f ed protein- supp lement ed d ie t s .  Feed consump t ion was s imi lar f or a l l  supp le­men ted group s .  Ther ef ore , f eed e f f ic i ency was primar i ly a ref lec t ion o f  rat e o f  gain . Soybean mea l  i s  connnonly cons idered to be o f  h igher qual i ty p ro t ein on bas i s  o f  amino acid compos i t ion than corn glu ten mea l .  I t  i s  more readi ly degraded in the rumen than corn glu ten mea l .  However , as supplemen t s  to ear corn for gr owing and f inish ing l amb s , the two high protein ingr ed i en t s  appea red abou t equ a l .  Urea a s  the only supplement a l  pro te in to ear corn wa s o f  ques t ionab le value in th i s  exper iment .  Us ing u rea to p rovid'e abou t one-ha l f  o f  the supplemen t a l  p r o t e in w i th soybean mea l  or corn glu ten meal did no t a f fe c t  per formance o f  the lambs . However , the bene f i t s  from u r e a  under these cond i t ions were no t determined s ince soybean mea l  or corn glu ten mea l  were not fed at these lower levels  w i thou t ure a .  Prepared f o r  Sheep Day , June 5 ,  1 98 1 . 34  • • • • • - 2 -Int roduct ion Numerous experimen t s  have been conduc t ed during past years t o  determine p ro t e in requ iremen t s  of ruminant s  under var ious diet ary cond i tions and with d i f f eren t  types and level s o f  p rodu c t ion . Requirement levels o f  various nu trient s  have been es t ab l i shed whi ch appear to mee t  need s under p ract ical f eed ing cond i ti ons . Research involving p r o t e in sup p lement a t ion ha s shown tha t a large fra c t ion o f  the p ro t e in available to the ruminant i s  o f  bacterial origin regardle s s  o f  the die tary s ource . However , not all p ro t e in sources appear t o  b e  o f  equal value t o  t h e  ruminan t . S tu d ie s  have ind i a t ed tha t amino acid compos i t ion , rate of d egrada t ion in the rumen and the availab i l i ty o f  carbohydrates  in t h e  d i e t  a f f e c t  bacter ial pro t e in synthes is and t h e  amount and qual i t y  of protein pres ent ed to the animal . Na tural sou rces o f  p r o t e ins ( soybean meal , cot tonseed meal , linseed meal , corn glut en mea l )  have been shown to b e  degraded a t  dif ferent rat e s  in the rumen and reported to a f fe c t  u t i l i z a t ion of p ro t e in b y  the ruminant .  The obj e c t ive o f  this s tudy was t o  evaluate  commerc ially avai lable sources of supp lemental p ro t e in in d ie t s  f or grow ing and f inishing lamb s . Supp lemen t s  were s elec t ed to dif f er in pro t e in solub i l i ty and amino acid p rof ile and wer e  exp ec t ed t o  be degraded at dif f erent rates  in the rumen to furn i sh p ro t ein pos t- ruminally vary ing in dietary and bac t er ial orig i n .  If the p rinciples concerning the s e  p arameters rep or ted by o ther inves t iga t ors wou ld be applicable , the respons e in terms of growth and feed u t i l i zat ion would be a measur e  o f  the value of the supp lemen t s  for p rodu c t ive purpos es . Procedures Two hundred for ty cros sbr ed ewe and wether lambs were used in th i s  exper i ­men t . They were selec ted f rom a larger group purcha s ed a t  a lo ca l  lives tock auc t ion about  45 day s before the beg inning of the exper iment . Dur ing this t ime , the lamb s were sheared and brought to a full feed wi th a ground ear corn rat ion . The lambs ranged f rom 55 to 1 00 lb . and were d iv ided into f iv e  weight groups (rep li cation) averaging 8 1 . 6 , 7 1 . 9 ,  7 0 . 2 ,  70 . 0 and 65 . 6  pounds . Lamb s wi thin each weight group wer e randomly allo t t ed to s ix experimental t rea tment s  with s ix we ther and two ewe lambs per treatmen t . They were impl an t ed wi th Ra lgro ( 1 2  mg . zeranol ) and vacc inated f or p revent ion o f  overea t i ng d is ease . The f inishing d i e t  con s i s ted o f  90 % ground ear corn and 1 0 %  sup p lement on a dry ma t ter bas i s .  S ix d i f f eren t  sup plemen t s ( table 1 )  wer e  fed as fo l lows : 1 .  Cont rol supp lemen t ( c orn grain ) 2 .  Soybean meal supplement 3 .  Corn glu t en meal supplement 4 .  Urea supp lement 5 .  Urea-soybean mea l  supp lemen t  6 .  Urea- corn glu ten meal supp lement • 35  - 3 -Tab le 1 .  Percentage Comp o s i t ion o f  the Sup p lement s a Urea- Urea-Soy- Corn soy- corn bean glut en bean glu ten Ingred ients Control  meal mea l  Urea meal meal Ground corn 8 1 . 0 1 9 . 4 3 8 . 8  7 2 . 6 4 5 . 4  5 4 . 7  Soybean mea l  ( 4 4 %  c r ude p ro t ein) 63 . 8  3 1 . 9 Corn glu t en meal ( 60 %  c rude p ro tein) 4 3 . 5  2 1 . 8  Urea ( 46% n i t rogen) 7 . 9  4 . 0  4 . 0  Ground l imes tone 1 1 .  0 1 0 . 8 1 0 .  7 9 . 4  1 0 .  0 1 0 .  0 Dicalc ium phospha t e  3 . 0 1 .  0 2 . 0 2 . 6 2 . 6 2 . 7 Ca lc ium su lfate  2 . 1 1 .  1 1 . 1 Po tas s ium chloride . 4  . 7  Trace mi1:15ral sal t 5 . 0  5 . 0 5 . 0  5 . 0  5 . 0 5 . 0  Vi t amin A Ant ib i o t icsc Pro t e in con t en t , % 9 . 5 2 30 . 3  3 1 . 7 3 1 . 6  32 . 0  32 . 4  a Supp lement s  were fed a t  a rate o f  1 0% of the total  ration on a dry ma t5er b as is .  contained 330 IU of vi t amin A per pound o f  supp lement . Eac h  supplement c Each supplement conta ined 1 1  mg . o f  chlor te t racyc l ine p er pound o f  supp lemen t . Ra t ions wi th 90% ground ear c orn and 1 0 %  supplement (dry bas i s )  resulted in prot ein d i e tary levels for the con t rol rat ion o f  1 0 . 8 % ,  soybean meal , 1 2 . 9% ,  corn gluten mea l  and urea , 1 3 . 0% and urea- soybean mea l  and urea- corn gluten meal , 1 3 . 1 % .  Feed o ff ered onc e da i ly was adj u s t ed dai ly t o  prov ide a full feed with the des igna ted ra t io o f  ground ear corn and supplement . The ear corn wa s ground through a . 5- inch scr een in a hammer m il l .  The supplement s we re made int o  . 25- inch d iame ter p el l e t s  and top-dr es sed to the ground ear c o rn . The lamb s were we ighed a t  3-week intervals to mon i t or per formance . Each rep l i c a t ion was terminated when the lambs with in each rep l i ca ti on averaged approx ima t ely 1 1 0 pounds . An ent ire rep licat ion of the s ix supp lemental trea tment s  was marke ted a t  the s ame t ime and car cas s data were not collec ted . Al l f ive rep lica t ions were weighed together for the las t t ime a t  4 3  days o f  f eed ing . The f i rs t  rep l i c a t ion was market ed af ter 50 day s  of f eed ing , one af ter 78 days , two af ter 85 days and the las t rep l i ca ti on af t e r  99 days . Resu l t s  Da t a  collec ted were analyzed s ta t i st ically us ing leas t s qu ares proc ed ur e s . Weight group s ( r ep licati ons ) showed s i gnifican t  d i f f er ences for weigh t  gai n  and feed consump t ion . The heavier lambs consume d  more feed and gai ned at a fast er rat e . However , there were no ef fec t s  of wei ght  groups on the response  to the  var ious prote in supp lemen t s .  Theref ore , re su lt s  for  p ro t e in 36 • -• • • • - 4 -supp lemen tat i on are presented averaged acros s weight groups . Values presen t ed ( tab le 2 )  a re averages for the f ive pens wi thin suppl ement trea tmen t s . The s e  values d i f f er only s light ly f rom wei gh ted averages based on lamb days . Weight Gain Ac cumulated average dai ly gains are p res ent ed for 2 1 , 43  and 99 days ( t able 2 ) . At the firs t we i gh ing a f t er 2 1  days , f a s t e r  gains were ob tained from all  the p ro te in supp lemen t s  in compari son to the nonsupp lemented control . Lower rat e s  o f  gain were ob t ained at 4 3  and 99 days . Wea ther condi t ions were more favorab le during the early part of  the exper iment , whi ch perhaps expl ains in part the dec rea s ing gain at the later dates . A reduct ion in rate of  gain i s  also commonly as so c iated with increas ing f atness  in f inishing lamb s . Whi le there was an advan tage for p ro te in-supp lemented group s at each per iod shown , i t  became l e s s  p ronounced with increas ing t ime on the exp eri�ent .  There were only smal l  d i f ferences be tween lambs f ed soybean meal o r  corn g lu ten mea l  on bas i s  o f  wei gh t  gain . Us ing urea to f urnish about one-hal f of the supplemental pro t e in w i th soybean mea l  or corn glu t en meal did not appear to a f f e c t  wei ght  gain . However , urea as the only supp lement al p ro tein to ear corn ra t ions resu l ted in the lowe s t  rate o f  ga in among prote in­supp lemented lamb s and on ly s ligh t ly above the nonsupp lement ed con t rol group f or the 99-day exper imen t . The re su l t s  from urea did no t appear at t ribu tab le t o  reduced p e r formance f requen t ly ob s erved during an ini t ia l adap t a t ion to urea . An impor tant factor in the ear ly responses to p rotein supplemen tat ion wi th only small  d i f f erences between urea and the other supp lement s cou ld have been the rat ion and level  of feed ing at beg inn ing of the experiment . All lamb s had been adap t ed to a full  f eed of  the ear corn rat ion bu t rec e ived no supplemental  protein p r ior to this  t ime . Feed Consumpt ion Acc umulated average daily f eed consump t ion a t  2 1 , 43  and 99  days i s  shown in t able 2 .  The lamb s were at a full feed at the beg inning of the exp eriment and showed only small di f ferences between supp lement group s  for the f i r s t  2 1  day s . The improvemen t  i n  weight gain no t ed during t h i s  t ime , ther e fore , cou ld no t be a resu l t  of  d i f ferences in feed int ake . Wi th increas ing we ight and t ime on exper imen t , there was an increase in feed consump t ion . Pro t e in-supplement ed lambs showed more increas e than the control group . D i f f eren ce s  be tween the various supp lemen t s , inc luding urea , were sma ll at 43  and 9 9  day s . Feed Ef f i c iency The con t rol group o f  lamb s wh ich gained a t  a lower ra te  had h i gher f eed requ irement s  than prote in-supp lemen ted lamb s , even though they consumed le s s  f eed . The only ex cep t ion wa s in compari son to the urea- supp lemen ted group a t  99  days where f eed requ i rement s  were abou t  the s ame as for  the con t r o l  group . 3 7  Tab le 2 .  Feed lot Performance o f  Finishing Lamb s Fed D i f ferent Pro t e in Supp lemen t s  wi th Ground Ear Corn (D ecember 1 9 ,  1 97 8 ,  to March 2 6 , 1 9 7 9 )  Soybean Corn g lu ten Urea- Urea- corn Item Cont rol  mea l  mea l  Urea soybean mea l  glu t en mea l  No . o f  anima l sa 4 0  3 9  3 8  3 9  3 8  3 9  Ini t ia l  wt . ,  lb . 7 1 .  7 7 1 . 5  7 2 .  2 7 2 . 0 7 1 . 7 7 2 . 3 Final wt . ,  lb . 1 0 5 .  6 1 1 1 .  8 1 1 1 . 2 1 0 7  . 0  1 1 1 . 5 1 1 2  . 5  Accumulated average daily ga in , lb . 2 1  d ays  . 4 7 7  . 6 1 3  . 6 1 9  . 584 . 6 1 4  . 6 2 9  43 days . 4 63 b . 568 . 56 3  . 53 5 b . 5 7  lb . 55 \ 9 9  days . 4 2 9  . 5 1 6c . 50 5c . 45 3  c . 5 1 1  . 506 w 00 lJ1 Ac c umulated average  da i ly feed , lb . (d ry )  2 1  d ays  2 . 4 2  2 . 4 7 2 . 4 6 2 . 4 9 2 . 50 2 . 46 4 3  days 2 . 63 b 2 . 74 2 .  7 2  2 . 6 \ 2 . 7 3b 2 .  7 2  9 9  days 2 . 66 2 . 8 7 c 2 . 8 7 c 2 . 7 8 c 2 . 8 1 c 2 . 8 7 c Feed / ga in ra t io (dry)  21  days 507 4 03 3 9 7  4 2 6  4 0 7  3 9 1  4 3  days 568  482  483  499  4 7 8  4 9 0  9 9  days 6 2 0  5 5 6  568  6 1 4 550  567  � Ini t i a l ly 40 l amb s per t re atment . , c  Means w i thin rows fol lowed by d if f eren t  let ters are s igni f ic ant ly d i f f erent (P< . 05 )  • • • , • • • - 6 -S in ce feed consump t ion wa s s imilar for a l l  p rotein-supp lemented group s ,  f ee d  e f f ic iency would be primari ly a r e f l ec t i on of  d i f f erences in ra te of  ga in . Soybean meal and corn glu ten meal were about equa l on basis  o f  feed e f f i ciency as they were f or r a t e  of  gain . Us ing urea to p rovide about one-hal f  o f  the sup p lemen tal protein with these two ingred i ent s did no t appear to  af fec t f eed e f f ic i ency . Over the 99-d ay experiment , urea d id not improve feed e f f ic iency over the cont rol group . .  The small advant age in weight gain for urea in comp a r ison to the control group wa s o f f  set  by a h igher f eed c onsump t ion • 3 9  

Protein Supplementation as Related to Sources of Protein for Growing-Finishing Lambs

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Protein Supplementation as Related to Sources of Protein for Growing-Finishing Lambs

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