Chronic pain is increasingly prevalent and costly and will continue to be with the increasing mean age of America’s population. It is important to identify interventions addressing pain-related biopsychosocial aspects. The purpose of the current study was to examine if a single session of specific neurofeedback (NF) protocols had an effect on subjective fear and physiological fear-avoidance behaviors in relation to pain-related stimuli. Correlational analyses revealed that FPQ-III minor pain scores were negatively associated with total fixation duration while looking at pain-related pictures. One-way ANOVAs revealed differences approaching significance for those trained on Left-Hemisphere NF protocols compared to those in Sham training for total fixation duration, moderate effect sizes were found. Statistically significant group differences were found for those trained on Right-Hemisphere protocols compared to those trained on Left-Hemisphere protocols for first fixation durations. Findings support research that implicates NF training as a neuromodulation technique for the subjective pain experience
