In this circular, created by the Agricultural Extension Service at South Dakota State College, it addresses the importance and uses of the potato through the guidance of the Agronomy department during the year of 1922

Valentine, G.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeExtension Circulars SDSU Extension1-1922The Importance and Uses of the PotatoG. ValentineFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_circPart of the Agriculture CommonsThis Circular is brought to you for free and open access by the SDSU Extension at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Extension Circulars by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE:Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationValentine, G., "The Importance and Uses of the Potato" (1922). Extension Circulars. Paper 100.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_circ/100Extension Circ1)J.2.r No. 100. THE D.Il?ORTLNCE_ AllD � OF THE POTATO by George H. Valentine, Assist�nt Agronofily SpeciGlist. A. Poto.to Grovring CoLntrics. The country grov,Ji.ng mo:i.."C pate.toes than 2.ny other Gccording to census figures is Gcrr:10.,ny. Five other c oun tries including United S tc:. tc s he.. vc -Z'. c o::1p2.rl1.. ti ve yield QS follo l,fS: ! _____ ____ __ ----- ---Germany - 1,681,900,000 bu. t_-· - - - _· · -- -----�=-�1 Russi2 � 862,800,000 bu. I - · t ________ i France - 489,300,000 bu. c ----�'· AustriQ - 456.500,000 bu. j __ ·_ _ =.J . {( JtQ_i�nd - __ 373, 900, 000 bu. t· United St�tcs - 356,600,000 bu. These figures given wcrJ from·census rc�orts before the Y!orld \"!2.r but from census figures of 1921 the r�nk of the pot�to producing countries is different. Ho�cvcr, the census figures of some Europco..n countries, Russin for c:ca111plc, 2.rc very incomplete. The rc:-nk of the six lc2.ding n2.tions in pot2.to production 2.ccord­ing to 1921 census is o..s follows: Gcrm2.ny, J?ol:rnd, Uni tcd St2.tcs, :l?r2.ncc, CzcchoslovE'..ki.2., r-_nd C.:-'.nc.d2.. Cooperative Extension �o�k in Agriculture and Hore Economics, TI. F. Kumlicn, Director. Distributed in furthor�ncc of Lets of Congress of lKD,y 8 Lnd June 30, 1914. I I I -----------�-----�------------------ ·-------- i (lfup shovifing 2.pproxi1�k� te locc.. ti ons of potc:1. to producing sectione. Ecch dot is intended to represent Gbout 1000 2..crcs.) E. PotQtocs in the United StQtes. Pot£'..tocs 2-rc gi-·own in every stc,tc of the Union. The po tc. to pl2..nt is one which hz-�s bee 0E1c .::'..dc..ptcd. to 2. wide v�ri2,tion in conditions. The five le2.ding st�tcs �ccording to Jthc 1920 census 2.rc New York, iiichig�n, Disconsin, iiinncsot�, c.,nd Pcnnsvlv�ni2. in o::cdcr n2.Dcd. South .D2.kot2. rc..nl:G in sixteenth plc.ce c..s co:ap2..rcd to 2:.ll other st�-tcs · in the Union. Our str'.tc :cc.nl<s very '\?ell co:i·:11.:x::',J.."cd to its lX)Si tion in the potc.,to industry 2.ccording to the c�nsus of 1910. South D�tot� r�nkcd in 31st pl2.cc �ccording to the 1910 census. Thc:;rcfo}:'c, we ri12,y cx:pcc t further ["'_,dvc--,nccs for South D�l:ot� in U1i s industry h.:-',vin� c linbcd. fror.1 31st to 16th �Jl2-cc in ten ye::.� •. C. Potctocs in South Dckat�. E2.stcrn South Dnkot[', is r:::,pidly developing into � p-Jt2. to gr.� wing sec ti on. This dcvclopi:1011t is Glso very recent. The tJtcl p�t�to �crcGgc of tho st�tc in 1919 W['.,S ri:bout 58,000 ci,crcs \lhilc in 1921 we find th['_,t thu tot.:::-,1 2crc2.gc is o..buut 80 ,000 ccrcs ;.;r .:::.n in­crce,scd c�crc[',gc ,;;f o..bout 38 1Jcr cent in twc ycr.-.l"s. The 2-ccoap�·.nying n.:�,p gives sonc idc2., of the inpcl"t�.ncc of the crop in ccrt::-�in districts cf the .st�tc. �['.cl::. (X) on the. 1:12..p re pre sen ts 1000 c..crc s of l)O tc� tc cs in th0 scv..::rc.l·countics �ccorcling to the 1920 census. No single c:JuEty ... �.rest of tl10 :ilissouri ;r-j_ V(;l"' h2..d c.n r:-..c:ce;:::,gc of 1000 2,Crcs Vvhon t:1.i s CCPSUS V:/2.S -C['JC-.;ll oO we l12..vc o.::1i ttcc the; west ri vcr lJ.::-.rt of tllc ste,t.i frol:1 the m�p. I -3-The 2.ccompanying r112.p gives sor.1e idec::� of -the imi)ortance of the CTOlJ in certain districts of the stE�tc. Ec:,Ch C:) Oh the m2-p rei:):cesents 1000 2.c1"es of :;;oto.tocs in the scver2,l counties according to the 1920 census. No single county ucst of the l�ssouri river h�d an �crc2,gc of 1000 �cres whc"i1 this census wc�s t2,kcn so we h::',VC omi ttcd the nest river i:2.2."t of the str:tc from the m�p. (�:bl ��erSo-�TBi�::-l�����a�� R����1 \ worth I Edmunds I I Day � / I I I x ---- � \ · t • I ;--�--------!- · ·-·-- -i ! Grant I ) Pott erl !. Faulk !' Spink ,-C-1�-r- - kTc�;i�;J 1, ' ! a. '"! ton J·- ·---. \' ./ '---;-------�- r-T---- -1 x I xx i xxx- �euelj . . Sully f Hyde/ Hand l rH�ii� r XXXXII 1 I -- ------ -· I xx ! '� H�-:he�----1 I Beadle t·-�------: _____ ! xx'xxxxl \ 0 l I _ I !Kingsbury) Brook- i � ��--'-- 1.,......... __ l ____  I --- t--� __ ; ing"._ --l "'�uffa_ Jerauld! San- !Ivti.ner I Lake ! Moodf � -i------l born l I XX ! X l ) ; . l- �--- T-:......--1--�-·--T ___ c_l __ _____ 1 / Brule I Aur- / �av'. ��;;_l Mc- ·! Minne- -I ._,. /· ora I_ 1.so1;1 · Cook l haha l I ! ! XX ) re ·j)rc sc:n ts 1000 ::_·.crcs) - - T--�-- --- �- . --- - ----. 1Douglas . H t , . · i ; • . :'---.... , u cm.n- !Turner: Lin.. '--......._ __ � - son /' I 1 Figures froc officicl census 1920. Charles --... ...__. : co n ·. . l"B�;- , -Y��k�'i. -- _i ___  _ \ Hor:nne \ ton I ClayJ �n- · I :. ;-J..�J ! 1.0 --�: Th-2 ten colmtics h2..vin0 tl1c 1:-�n:;cst 2.,cr,:..:t,bc in th . .:; st2..tc �ccording to the 1920 census arc r�nkcd �s follows: 1. Brookings, 2. Deuel, 3. CotLington, ,:1. Brovrn, 5 . .i\i.ngs­bury, 6. ]linnehshR, 7. Hanlin, 8. Cl�rk1 9. Lctc, 10. S;ink. Bcc�use of the difference in �re� of the counti2s of the state c.nothcr cor:.11):-i.rison is m�dc giving th1..: r2.nk of counties hc.',ying the i�rcC'-tcst c.cre;c.,gc ·)ur scctionoL)£Xld which is as follo..-rn: 1. Brookings, 2. Deuel, 3. Codington, �. H��lin, 5. L�kc, 6. Kingsbury, 7. Einnchc,ho.., 8. Clc-,rk 1 9. :Bronn, 10. Spink. Thus we c�n sec from the above th�t the e�st-ccntr�l porti0n of the st�t� is distinctly the pot2to section. D .  I ]: " Vvhat the :i? o tato i s  Mad e .. of , - 4-A larg e number of inve s t i gators  have det ermined  the chem-i cal c ompos i t i on of the p o tat o .  An10ng the ear l i es t of known inve s t i gat ors  ar e Pear s on v;ho r ep orted i n  1 7 95 1 1 :E:xperimen t s  and Obs ervati ons  o n  the C on s t i tuent :oarts o f  the l)o tato . R o o t  r t  .. A la.;r,ge numbe r of inv e s t iga t or s  r e�q oJ:' ted  the r e s ult s of the ir  analys i s  dur ing the n ineteenth c entury . The appr oximat e chemi cal - c ompo s i tion of a number of var i et i es of p otat o e s  i s : Fi br e  Ash Other lvl2, t er i a ls V{at er Pr otein  Star ch The }?e r centage of wat e r  usual ly ran;� ea be tween 70  and 80 p er cen t , the extreme s be ing 6 5  and 85 per cent . The per · c en t  dry :natter i n  p o tat oes  i s  1 2. :tger than any r o o t  c roi) ,  as can ·be s e en f r om the f e ll owi ng percentaf�es  o f  dry matter j_n  2, few o the r  c rops : Whi t e Turnip s 7 t o  9% Carrots  1 0  t o  1 ?% ?..utabagas 9 to 1 4% Parsnips  10  to  1 8% Mang els  g t o  16% POTATOES 20 to 30% Sugar beets  1 2  ·t o 2 4}� U s e s  .£f the 5otat o .  The potat o  has thr ee · imp or tant uses ; f irst  as human fo od �  s ec ond 21.s s t o cl<: fe ed, and thi rd in manufacb.�. red  �) roc�u_ct s . The· u s e  of }) O ta t o e s  as human f o od  i s  the most  im�'.1 orta,nt , and only the bet t er grade s ar e u s e d  f o r thi s purpo s e . Th e smal l and cul l  potatoes  are used f or st ock feed . Only in years of  v ery poor pr i c e s  and very g o od yi elds w i ll la.1rr: e potat oe s  be fed  t o  l ive s t o c k . For  manufactur i �g a ce� tain  s tabl e amount is  u s ed, pr inc ipal ly go od  grade s �  S tarch i s  the chi ef manufactured art i cl e  in  thi s coun try , whi l e - in Eur op e i ndustr i al alcohol i s  a very imp ortant pr oduct . The pr op er a1-:iounts  of f o od nu tri en ts  in  a rat i on f or a human be ing are : pr o te in , 18  per c ent ; carbohyctrat1;;s . 7 5  , e r c cnt ; and fat , ? :p ercent . · I t  w i l l  be s e en that the :;,_·r n t2,t o  do cs  not  fully supp ly thes e  nutr i ents , and the addi t i on of o ther f o ods , r i ch in - fat and prot ein , is ne eded to make a bal anc ed rat i on f o :r inan • As s t ock fe ed , po t,3,t o e s are 1 i t  tl e a�·)�1 rec  i ated in thi s c ountry . Exp e r iments  show , hovJ ev er , that they furn i sh a valuable and nutr i t i ous  f e ed f or all kinds  of s to c k .  Four hundred  p01..tnds of potat oe s are equival ent t o  100 pounds of c�rn , s o  that when c o rn i s  valued at 80,<t . p otato e s  are vr nrth 20p;' fo1� f e eding . I - 5-At f irs t • p o tato e s  should be f ed in  srhal l a1no1.mts  and grad­ually increased  t o  the maximum amou·nt . I'otat o es ar e a lmo s t  as imp ortant . as a c ondi t i on e r  8, S they ar c as a f e ed � For  hor � e s , she ep · and c at tle , p o tat o e s  should be  s l i c ed ,  ( to av o i d  the danser t o  the animal s "fr om choking ) 2�n d f ed r av; ,,, The maximum amoun t per , day f or hor s es � s  10 pounds ; f or she ep , 3- 4 p ounds ; f or mi lch  c ov-s ,  2 5  pounds ; for  beef cat t l e , 1 5  p ounds . F or hogs and chi cken s p otato e s  should be  b o i l ed f or th e be st  re sults , and they s hould be  f ed in  smal l -amoun t s .. For  · gtowing animal s potat o e s  are not  very g o od .  There i s  a lack  of pr o te in and an exc e s s  of s tarch whi ch t ends to lay on fat , an advafltage only in fat tening an imal s .  Summary : The s ix countri e s  l eading i n  phtato produc t i on ac c ording t o  1 921 ·f igur es  c.S e G ermany , Poland , Uni t ed Stat e s , Franc e C zeckosl ovaki� , and Canada . The f ive  s t ates l eading in  po tat o �ro dact i on ac cording to 1 921 yearbo o�  of th e Uni ted States  Departmen t of . Agr icul tur e are New York, Mi chigan . Wi sconsin , Mi nne s o ta ,  and Pennsylvan ia . The ten  c oui, t i. e s  of South Dakota hav i ng t h e  greate s t acreage  in  potat oe s  according t b  the 1920 census ar e Br o oki ngs,  Deuel , C odington ; J3r own ,· King sbury , Mi nn ehaha , Hamlin , Clark , Lake and Sp inlc .  The potato  i s · c omp o sed  o f  about ? 5% wat er , 2 � 5% pro t e in , 1 9 , 87% s t.ii.rch 1 33% f ibre , and 1% ash . 'rhe po t2.t o  has ·thr e e · imp or tan t  us e s ; f ir s t  as human f o od ,  s ec ond �3 s t ock  f e ed ,  and thi rd in  manufac tured pr oducts . References : Year 13o ok · - - · uni.t ed Stat es Depar tment  of Agr i cultur e 1 921 ,  1 909 , 1 91 0 .  tt Thf Potat o " by Samue l Fras er -. "Pc tato Culture 1 1 , by Max F .  Abel l ,  Ohi o Extens i on Serv i c e .  

The Importance and Uses of the Potato

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The Importance and Uses of the Potato

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