Many workers have reported that cultures of molds grown on feedstuffs produce poisonous metabolites,  mycotoxins , which depress growth of farm animals and may cause high mortality

Carlson, C. W.

Chah, C. C.

Palmer, I. S.

Semeniuk, G.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1972 Animal Science Reports1972Studies on the Stimulation of Poultry Growth bySoybeans Molded with Species of AspergillusC. C. ChahSouth Dakota State UniversityC. W. CarlsonSouth Dakota State UniversityG. SemeniukSouth Dakota State UniversityI. S. PalmerSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_poultry_1972This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationChah, C. C.; Carlson, C. W.; Semeniuk, G.; and Palmer, I. S., "Studies on the Stimulation of Poultry Growth by Soybeans Molded withSpecies of Aspergillus" (1972). South Dakota Poultry Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1972. Paper 13.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_poultry_1972/13South Dakota State UniversityBrookings, South DakotaDepartment of Animal Science A.S. Series 72-19Poultry SectionStudies on the Stimulation of Poultry Growth bySoybeans Molded with Species of AspergillusC. C. Chah^, C. W. Carlson^, G. Semeniuk^ and I. S. Palmer^Many workers have reported that cultures of molds grown on feedstuffs producepoisonous metabolites, "mycotoxins", which depress growth of farm animals andmay cause high mortality.Recent investigations in our laboratory, however, revealed that only 42% of392 strains of Aspergillus were toxigenic. Some of the tested cultures exertedpositive effects on growth when grown on soybeans or wheat and fed to chicks andmice.Three of several experiments conducted to obtain further information on thosecultures beneficial to chick growth will be discussed here. One-day-old GoldenGiant male broiler chicks were used as experimental animals and uninoculated controlsoybeans were prepared for each study for comparison with the cultured soybeans.The control or molded soybeans were mixed with a premix in amounts to yield 15,17 and 19% protein diets. Appropriate amounts of Cerelose (glucose monohydrate)were added to lower protein rations to maintain diet density. The experimentaldiets thus prepared were calculated to be adequate with respect to the essentialamino acids, energy levels, minerals and vitamins required for chicks.Mean body weights at 4 weeks of age are summarized in table 1 according tothe respective trial. Although weights were very similar between treatments,experiment 1 illustrated a response to the 17% protein levels. Growth responseswith 19% protein were observed for 28 A. oryzae. However, in the second and thirdexperiments, each of the tested cultures allowed the chicks to grow faster thancontrols regardless of protein levels in the diets. Such responses were morepronounced with the 15% protein diets than with the 17 and 19% protein diets.Analysis of variance of the data showed highly significant (P > 0.01) differencesbetween control and test diets. Subsequent data on protein and amino acid analysesof the cultured soybeans used in these experiments (table 2) revealed that thosegrowth stimulating preparations were consistently higher in protein content andin essential amino acids compared to the controls. In view of the nutritionalsignificance of amino acid combinations, such higher values of available aminoacids in the test soybeans were assumed to be largely responsible for the stimulationof chick growth.^ Graduate Assistant.^ Professor and Leader, Poultry Research and Extension.3 Professor, Plant Science Department.4 Associate Professor, Station Biochemistry Department.28- 2 -Table 1. Effect of Cultured Soybeans on 4-Week Chick Weights'(gms)Experiment 128 44Protein level Control A. oryzae A. sydowi Mean15% 476.7 511.8 484.7 491.117% 555.1 547.6 571.3 558.0*19% 539.9 582.0 527.0 549.6^^3mean 523.9 547.1 527.7 532.9Experiment 24 24 28Protein level Control A. clavatus A. oryzae A. oryzae Mean15% 441.4 451.1 459.5 441.5 440.917% 434.1 452.8 482.2 467.2 459.1*19% 477.7 484.8 488.1 483.9 483.6*mean 441.1 462.9** 476.6** 464.2** 461.2Experiment 37 17-14, 302 33Protein level Control A. flavus A. flavus A. sydowi Mean15% 418.2 516.8 495.8 491.3 480.517% 456.8 517.9 538.8 494.3 502.0*19% 512.2 552.2 570.6 547.8 545.7*mean 462.4 529.0** 535.1** 511.1** 509.4Each value represents the average of 3 replicates of 10 chicks.* P < .05.** P < .01.29- 3 -Table 2. Protein and Essential Amino Acids in Cultured SoybeansExperiment 128 4Amino acids Control A. oryzae A. sydowiProtein, % 42.81 43.78 43.99Lysine® 0.079 0.088 0.092Methionine® 0.019 0.020 0.022Arginine^ 0.068 0.077 0.079Leucine® 0.100 0.127 0.138Phenylalanine^ 0.064 0.068 0.075Experiment 24 24 28Amino acids Control A. clavatus A. oryzae A. oryzaeProtein, % 43.02 45.74 46.29 46.57Lysine^ 0.060 0.082 0.090 0.088Methionine® 0.017 0.023 0.019 0.023Arginine® 0.071 0.087 0.086 0.095Leucine^ 0.123 0.112 0.138 0.147Phenylalanine® 0.054 0.069 0.081 0.072Experiment 37 17 33Amino acids Control A. flavus A-14 A. sydowiProtein, % 40.90 43.68 43.22 45.44Lysine^ 0.076 0.092 0.089 0.077Methionine^ 0.018 0.022 0.019 0.023Arginine^ 0.080 0.090 0.089 0.077Leucine® 0.110 0.138 0.117 0.134Phenylalanine® 0.059 0.076 0.078 0.077^ Measured by Beckman Auto Analysis, m M/g protein.30

Studies on the Stimulation of Poultry Growth by Soybeans Molded with Species of Aspergillus

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Studies on the Stimulation of Poultry Growth by Soybeans Molded with Species of Aspergillus

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