Results of numerous experiments have shown that diethylstilbestrol at 10 mg. daily in the feed of implanted at 30 to 36 mg. improves weight gains and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. More recently it has been reported that feeding more than 10 mg. daily to heavier cattle results in further stimulation of weight gains and feed efficiency. Feeding of 20 mg. per head daily of diethylstilbestrol is now cleared for feedlot cattle above 750 lb

Embry, L. B.

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedingsand Research Reports, 1971 Animal Science Reports1971Levels of Diethylstilbestrol and Types of ProteinSupplements in Ground Ear Corn Diets forFinishing CattleL. B. EmbrySouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1971Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports,1971 by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationEmbry, L. B., "Levels of Diethylstilbestrol and Types of Protein Supplements in Ground Ear Corn Diets for Finishing Cattle" (1971).South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1971. Paper 8.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1971/8S outh Dakota S tate University Brookings S outh Dakota Department of Animal Science Agricultural Experiment S tation A.S .  Series 71-22 Levels of Diethylstilbes trol and Types of Protein Supplements in Ground Ear Corn Die ts for Finishing Cattle L .  B. Embry Results of  numerous experiments have shown that diethyls tilbes trol at 10 mg. daily in the feed or implanted at 30 to  36  mg . improves weigh t  gains and feed e fficiency of feedlot cattle. More recently it has been reported that feeding more than 10 mg. daily to heavier cattle results in further stimulation of weight gains and feed efficiency. Feeding of 20 mg. per head daily of diethylstilb es trol is now cleared f or feedlot cattle ab ove 750 lb . The response to diethylstilbes trol appears t o  b e  obtained wi th mos t  types of rations , although the degree may depend on the nutritional adequacy and energy content. There is s ome evidence that the value of urea in comparis on to preformed protein such as s oybean meal f or growing and finishing cattle is more favorable in the presence of diethyls tilbes trol .• Ground ear corn properly supplemented in protein , minerals and vitamin A f orms a rather simple and efficient diet f or finishing cat tle . Corn grain is lower in protein than most  other feed grains , and the cob is l ower in protein than mos t  commonly used roughages . Both the cob and grain are low in quali ty o f  protein as measured by amino acid requirements of  nonruminants. I t  would therefore appear that the value of urea in comparis on to s oybean meal and the b enefits of other supplements could be more readily determined with ground ear corn than with other commonly fed diets for cattle. This experiment was designed to compare s oybean meal , urea and a urea-dehydrated alfalfa mixture as protein supplements to ground ear c orn. Diethylstilbes trol was f ed at O, 10 and 20 mg. per head daily with each of the protein supplements. Procedures One hundred eight s teers were purchased f or the experiment .  After about 1 month following arrival , they were allotted into 18 pens of 6 head each on basis of weight. Experimental treatments consis ted of s oybean meal , urea or urea-dehydrated alfalfa meal as protein supplements to a diet of ground ear corn. Each protein supplement was fed wi th 0 ,  10 or 20 mg. of diethylstilb es trol per head daily making up nine experimental treatments. Each of the treatments was replicated two times . The cattle were full-fed ground ear c orn once daily in outside paved pens . The protein supplements were formulated to  contain 38% protein and were fed at 2 lb. per head daily. Ingredient composition of the protein supplement is shown in table 1 .  The experiment was terminated after 170 days for one replicati on and 177 days for the other. Carcass data were obtained and individual carcasses were weighed following about 48 hours in the cooler . Prepared f or the Fifteenth Annual Cattle Feeders Day , October 1 ,  1 971. 2 5  - 2 -Results Results for each level of  die thyls tilb es trol with each of the protein supple­ments are shown in tab le 2 .  Results for diethylstilbes trol with all protein supplements are shown in table 3 and for protein supplements at all diethylstil­b es trol treatments in tab le 4 .  Levels o f  Diethylstilbes trol The data in tab le 2 indicate that rate of gain when steers were fed either 10 or 20 mg . of diethyls tilbes trol was not affected to any appreciable extent by the type of protein supplement fed with ground ear corn . Initial weight was not likely a factor in the response between the two levels of diethyls tilbestro l ,  since the initial weight shown i s  a shrunk weight and the average weight o f  the cattle at the first 4-week weigh period was 786 pounds . The average daily gain for all control s teers was 2 . 33 lb . with 1 , 04 5  lb . feed per 100 lb . gain ( table 3) . Steers fed 10 mg . diethyls tilbes trol gained 0 . 33 lb . more daily (14 . 2%) . They consumed 1 . 18 lb . more ground ear corn daily than control s teers and required 7 . 5% less feed per unit of gain . Rate of gain , feed intake and feed efficiency were about the same for the 10 and 20 mg . levels of diethyls tilb es trol in this experiment .  There was a good improvement from the 10 mg . level and feedlot performance was good for the ground ear corn diet for the weigh ts of cattle and number of  days involved .  Since the cattle were fed the same number of days , those fed diethyls til­bes trol were heavier at s laughter and had heavier carcasses . Dressing percent was slightly higher for the 20 mg . level of die thylstilbes trol .  Carcass shrink during the 48-hour chill was 9 or 10 lb . for all groups and the percent shrink varied only from 1 . 40 to 1 . 48% . Carcasses from cattle fed diethyls tilbes trol were rated slightly more firm,  had less fat thickness and a larger loin eye . There were only very small dif fer­ences between the 10 and 20 mg . levels of diethylstilbes trol in these character­istics . Other carcass characteris tics lis ted in tab le 3 did not appear to be affected by the diethyls tilbes trol treatments . Type of Protein S upplement Results of the experiment as aff ected by type of protein supplement are shown in table 4 .  Average gain was about the same for each of the protein supple­ments . Feed consumption was less for the s teers fed the urea-corn supplement and they had the lowes t feed requirements . However ,  these differences were not large . I t  would appear for thes e  results that a simple corn-urea mixture supple­mented with mineral and vitamin A was essentially equal to soybean meal as a protein supplement with the ground ear corn die t . The urea-corn supplement was not improved by adding dehydrated alfalfa at 22 . 8% of the supple ment fed at 2 lb . per head daily . Only in case of the group fed urea without diethylstilbes trol was the rate of gain not at least equal to the gain made by s teers fed the soybean meal supplement or the supplement of urea and dehydrated alfalfa meal. Data on carcass characteris tics shown in table 4 do not show any appreciable differences as affected by type of protein supplements . 26 - 3 -Summary The average improvements in rate of gain and feed e fficiency from feeding 10 mg . diethylstilbestrol daily to steers fed a ground ear corn finishing diet were 14. 2 and 7. 5% ,  respectively . There appeared to be no advantage of increasing the level of diethyls tilbes trol to 20 mg. daily and the relative positions of  the 0 ,  10  and 20 mg . levels did not change appreciably during the course of  the experiment . A benefit from the higher level has b een reported by some researchers . Other research is planned where diets will b e  fed that are expected to result in higher rates of gain than ob tained in this experiment . Carcasses from s teers fed diethyls tilbes trol were rated sligh tly more firm ,  had less fat thickness  and a larger loin eye , but there were esssentially no dif­ferences between the 10 and 20 mg . levels . Other carcass characteristics measured did not appear to be affected by the diethyls tilbes trol treatments . Carcasses were heavier from diethylstilbes trol-fed steers , reflecting the more rapid rates of gain. Feedlot performance and carcass characteris tics were about the same for s teers fed soybean meal , urea-corn or urea-corn-dehydrated alfalfa meal supple­ments . Only when the simple com-urea mixture supplemented wi th vi tamin A and minerals was fed without diethyls tilbettrol did feedlot performance fail to at leas t equal that obtained from the other supplements . 27 Table 1 .  Protein Supplement Composition Soybean meal Corn-urea Corn-urea-dehydrated s u22lement s u212lernent SUEElernent Daily level diethylstil- 0 10 20 0 10 20 0 10 20 bestrol m .  % % % % % % % % % Soybean meal (44%) 86 . 00 85 . 75 85 . 50 Ground corn grain ( 9% )  -- -- -- 74 . 80 74 . 5 5  74 . 30 52 . 70 52 . 45 52 . 20 Urea ( 281%) -- -- -- 11. 20 11. 20 11. 20 10 . 50 10 . 50 10 . 50 Dehydrated alfalfa -- -- -- -- -- -- 22 . 80 22 . 80 22 . 80 meal ( 17%) Ground limes tone 4 .00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 .00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 Dicalcium phosphate 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 .00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 4 . 00 Trace mineral salt 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 6 . 00 Diethylstilbes trol -- 0 . 25 0 . 50 -- 0 . 25 0 . 50 -- 0 . 25 0 . 50 i'J premix (5 mg . DES/lb . .!::-CXl supplement) I Vitamin A premix < 30 , ooo I. u. I g • ) 33 gm. 33 gm. 33 gm. 33 gm . 33 gm. 33 gm. 33 gm. 33 gm. 33 gm. N lD Table 2 .  Type of Protein Supplement with Various Levels of Diethylstilbes trol (DES) (May 26 , 1970 to November 20 , 1970 - 177 Days) Type of supplement Level of DES , mg . /day Number of animals !nit . shrunk wt . , lb . Final shrunk wt . ,  lb . Avg . daily gain , lb . Avg . daily feed , lb . Corn Supplement Total Feed/ 100 lb . gain , lb . Corn Supplement Total Hot carcass wt . ,  lb . Cold carcass wt . ,  lb . Dressing percent Conformationa Marblingb Carcass gradea Colorc Firmnessd Kidney fat , % Maturitye Fat thickness ,  cm. Loin eye area, sq . in . Abs cessed livers 0 12 690 1098 2 . 35 23 . 00 1 . 99 24 . 99 979  85 1064 657 649 59 . 8  20 . 4  5 . 1  18 . 7  4 . 5  45 . 0  3 . 1  2 3 . 0  1 . 54 10 . 89 1 Soybean meal 10 12 680 1138 2 . 64 24 . 18 1 . 99 26 . 17 919 75 994 673 663 59 . 0  20 . 4  4 .9 18 . 8  4 . 5 5 . 3  2 . 9  22 . 9  1 . 81 10 . 78 2 20 12 691 1142 2 . 59 23 . 89 1 . 99 25 . 88 921 76 997 686 6 76 60 . 0  20 . 3  4 .9 18 . 8  4 . 8  5 . 5  2 . 9  22 . 7  1 . 74  12 . 0 1  0 a Good = 1 7 ;  Choice • 20 . Graded to one-third grade . b Slight = 4 ;  small = 5 ;  modes t = 6 .  c Cherry red = 4 ;  light cherry red = 5 .  d Moderate firm = 5 ;  firm = 6 .  Urea-corn 0 10 20 12 12 12 687 6 76 688 1074 1153 1152 2 . 28 2 . 76 2 . 68 21 . 30 23 .14  23 . 51 1 . 99 1 . 99 1 . 99 23 . 29 25 . 13 25 . 50 9 34 840 877 87 72 74  1021 9 1� 951 6 25 686 690 615 676  680 58 . 1  59 . 4  59 . 3  19 . 8  20 . 5  20 . 6  4 . 6 4 . 8 4 . 6  18 . 5  18 . 9  18 . 5  4 . 7  4 . 7  5 . 0 5 .4 5 . 5 5 . 2  3 . 1  2 . 5  2 . 9  2 2 . 9  22 . 8  23 . 0  1 . 33 1 . 66 1 .  76  11 . 36 11 . 66 11 . 4 8  5 1 2 e A+ maturity = 22 ; A maturity = 23  (Higher number represents younger carcass) .  Urea-corn-dehydrated alfalfa 0 10 20 12 12 12 686 690 682 1099 1137 1147 2 . 38 2 . 57 2 . 67 23 . 04 23 . 5 7  2 3 . 9 8  1 . 99 1 .99 1 . 99 25 . 03 25 . 56 25 . 9 7  966 9 16 897 83 77 74 1049 993 971 651 672 688 641 663 679 59 . 2  59 . 2  60 . 0  20 . 7  20 . 1  20 . 4  4 . 8  5 . 2  5 . 0  18 . 6  19 . 2  18 . 8  4 . 8  5 . 0  5 . 0  5 . 2  5 . 4  5 . 7  3 . 2  2 . 9  3 . 1  2 3 . 0  23 . 0  22 . 7  1 . 61 1 . 68 1 .  72 11 . 12 11 . 61 11 . 82 0 1 2 Vt - 6 -Table 3 .  Levels o f  Diethyls tilbes tral With Ground Ear Corn Diet (May 26 , 19 70-November 20 , 19 70 - 177 Days) DES Control 10 mg. /day Number of animals 36 36 Ini t .  shrunk wt . , lb . 688 680 Final shrunk wt . ,  lb . 1090 1143 Avg . daily gain , lb . 2 . 33 2 . 66 Avg .  daily feed , lb . Corn 22 . 45 23 . 63 Supplement 1 . 99 1 . 99 Total 24 . 44 2 5 . 6 2  Feed/ 100 lb . gain , lb . Corn 960 892 Supplement 85 75 Total 1045 967 Hot carcass wt . , lb . 644 677  Cold carcass w t .  , lb . 635 6 6 7  Dressing percent 59 . 0  59 . 2  Conformation a 20 . 3  20 . 3  Marblingb 4 . 8  4 . 7  Carcass gradea 18 . 6  19 . 0  Colorc 4 . 7  4 . 7  Firmnessd 5 . 2  5 . 4 Kidney fat , % 3 . 1  2 . 8  Maturitye 2 3 . 0  2 2 . 9  Fat thickness , cm. 1 . 49 1 . 72 Loin eye area , sq . in .  11 . 12 11 . 35 Abscessed livers 6 4 a Good = 17 ; Choice = 20 . Graded to one-third grade . b Slight = 4 ;  small = 5 ;  modes t = 6 .  c Cherry red = 4 ;  ligh t  cherry red = 5 .  d Moderate firm = 5 ;  firm = 6 .  e A+ maturity = 2 2 ;  A maturity = 2 3 .  3 0  DES 20 mg. /day 36 6 87 114 7 2 . 6 5  23 . 76 1 . 99 25 . 75 898 75 9 7 3  688 678 59 . 8  20 . 4  4 . 8 18 . 7  4 . 9 5 . 5  3 . 0  2 2 . 8  1 .  74 11 . 77 4 - 7 -Table 4 .  Type of Protein Supplement With Ground Ear Corn Diets (May 26 , 19 70-November 20 , 1970 - 177  Days) Soybean Urea-meal corn Number of animals 36 36 Ini t . shrunk wt . ,  lb . 687 6 84 Final shrunk wt . , lb . 1126 1126 Avg . daily gain , lb . 2 . 53 2 . 57 Avg . daily feed , lb . Corn 23 . 69 2 2 . 6 5  Supplement 1 . 99 1 . 99 Total 25 . 6 8  24 . 64 Feed/100 lb . gain, lb . Corn 940 884 Supplement 79 78 Total 1019 9 6 2  Hot carcass wt . ,  lb . 672  667  Cold carcass wt . , lb . 663 657 Dressing percent 59 . 6  58 . 9  Conformation a 20 . 4  20 . 3  Marblingb 5 . 0  4 . 7 Carcass gradea 1 8 . 9  18 . 6  Colorc 4 . 6 4 . 8 Firmnessd 5 . 3  5 . 4 Kidney fat , % 3 . 0  2 . 8  Maturitye 2 2 . 9  2 2 . 9  Fat thickness ,  cm . •  1 .  70 1 . 58 Loin eye area,  sq . in . 11 . 23 11 . 50 Abscessed livers 5 8 a Good = 17 ; Choice = 20 . Graded to one-third grade . b S light = 4 ;  small = 5 ;  modes t = 6 .  c Cherry red = 4 ;  light cherry red = 5 .  d Moderate firm = 5 ;  firm = 6 .  e A+ maturity = 22 ; A maturity = 23 . 3 1  Urea-corn­dehyd rated alfalfa 36 6 86 1128 2 . 54 23 . 5 3  1 . 99 25 . 5 2  9 26 7 8  1004 670  661 59 . 5  20 . 4  5 . 0  18 . 9  4 . 9 5 . 4 3 . 1  2 2 . 9  1 . 6 7  11 . 5 2  6 

Levels of Diethylstilbestrol and Types of Protein Supplements in Ground Ear Corn Diets for Finishing Cattle

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Levels of Diethylstilbestrol and Types of Protein Supplements in Ground Ear Corn Diets for Finishing Cattle

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