Since 1946 when the first antibiotics were discovered, extensive research has been conducted to study their growth promoting effect in many animal species. Animals fed diets containing antibiotics was often more striking when protein deficient diets were used. The objective of this experiment was the measurement of the effect of aureomycin on growth rate of growing pigs fed diets of different protein levels

Balios, John

Libal, George W.

Wahlstrom, Richard C.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1978 Animal Science Reports1978Effect of Antibiotics on the Growth of GrowingPigs Fed Different Levels of ProteinJohn BaliosSouth Dakota State UniversityGeorge W. LibalRichard C. WahlstromFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1978This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1978 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationBalios, John; Libal, George W.; and Wahlstrom, Richard C., "Effect of Antibiotics on the Growth of Growing Pigs Fed Different Levelsof Protein" (1978). South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1978. Paper 4.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1978/4SWI N E  DAY EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS ON THE GROWTH OF GROWING PIGS FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROTEIN John Balios, George W. Libal, and Richard C. Wahlstrom Department of Animal Science Swine Section South Dakota State University A.S. Series 78-11 Since 1946 when the first antibiotics were discovered, extens ive research has been conducted to study their growth promoting ef fect in many animal species . Animals fed diets containing antibiotics generally grow more rapidly . Enhancement of growth by antibioti cs was of ten more striking when protein defic ient diets were used . The objective of this experiment was the measurement of the effect of aureomycin on growth rate of growing pigs fed diets of  dif ferent protein levels .  Experimental Procedure Eighty-eight p igs of an average we ight of about 4 1  lb . were allotted to eight treatments each replicated three time s .  They were allotted 4 p igs per pen in the f irst and second replications and 3 pigs per pen in the third replication . The pigs were hous ed in a completely enclosed , slatted floor building and feed and water were provided ad libitum. The compos ition of the corn-soybean meal supplemented diets is shown in table 1 .  The e ight treatments used were 1 0 ,  1 2 ,  1 4  and 1 6 %  crude protein with and without antibiotic (aureomyc in) . The experiment was terminated when the average weight of the p igs in each pen reached 2 20 pounds . At the end of the experiment , all male animals were slaughtered and carcass measurements were taken for comparisons . Results Table 2 summarizes the results of average daily gain by periods and on an accumulative basis . There was a signif icant dif ference in daily gains during all periods . Gains increased as dietary protein increased during the first two periods but peaked at 14% protein in the third period and at 1 2 %  protein in the last period . Although there were no s ignif icant dif ferences among pigs fed the 12 , 14 and 1 6% protein with and without aureomycin , pigs fed the 10%  protein diet with aureomycin gained s ignif icantly faster than tho se pigs fed the same diet without aureomycin , with the exception of the last period.  Accumulative gains added little to the information obtained from the per period gain . P igs f ed the 1 0% protein diet with aureomycin had an overall rate of gain approximately 1 5 %  greater than p igs fed the 10% protein diet without aureomycin . 1 4  - 2 -The results are in agreement with research with other a greater re sponse to antibiotics at lower protein levels . of  protein as low as 10% even with antibiotics resulted in that would not be economical .  animals ,  showing However , levels gains and feed/gain Feed/gain data are shown in table 3 .  Significantly more feed was required by p igs fed the low protein diets . During the f irst 8 weeks , p igs fed aureo­mycin required s ignif icantly les s  feed at all levels of protein. During the last 8 weeks of the experiment , there was either no dif ference or the control p igs were slightly more efficient . However ,  overall f eed efficiency was s ignif icantly improved when aureomyc in was included in the diet . Feed/ gain for the entire experiment was 4 . 29 ,  3 . 42 ,  3 . 20 and 2 . 93 lb . for p igs fed 10 , 12 , 14 and 16% protein diets with aureomycin and 4 . 74 ,  3 . 5 3 ,  3 . 2 7 and 3 . 1 7  for those diets without aureomycin . Finally , table 4 shows the carcass characteristics . Dre ss ing percent increased as the protein level in the diet increased. Pigs fed the 14 and 1 6 %  protein diets containing aureomyc in had a slightly higher dressing percentage . Length was very s imilar in all treatments . Backfat increased and loin eye area decreased as dietary pro tein decreased . Aureomycin did not appear to have any e ffect on carcas s backfat , but loin eye s ize was larger at all protein levels when aureomycin was included in the diet . Sunnnary Eighty-eight p igs of  an average weight of 4 1  lb . were used in this exp eri­ment . The eight treatments were 10 , 1 2 ,  14 and 1 6 %  dietary prote in with and without aureomycin . The results indicated that there was a s ignif icant dif fer­ence in daily gains , with gains increasing as the protein level increas ed . There was no signif icant dif ference in daily gains among p igs treated with aureomycin vs . the controls at any level of protein with the exception of the 10%  protein diet . Pigs treated with aureomycin required less f eed per pound of gain at all levels of protein with differences more pronounced at the low level of dietary protein . No signif icant differences were noted in carcass characteristics , although there was a trend of less backf at and a larger loin eye s ize among p igs f ed aureomycin , especially at the low protein levels . Dressing percentage and loin eye area increased and backf at decreased as dietary protein increas ed.  15 - 3 -Table 1 .  Compos it ion of Experimental Diets (%)  Protein level , % 1 0  1 2  1 4  1 6  Treatment no . a 1,2 3 , 4  5 , 6  7,8 Corn 9 3 . 7 88 . 7  83 . 6  78 . 6  Soybean meal , 48% 3 . 2 8 . 4 1 3 . 5  1 8 . 6 Dicalcium phosphate 1 . 6  1 . 5  1 . 5  1 . 4  Limestone . 8  . 8  . 8  . 8  Trace mineral salt , . 4  . 4  . 4  . 4  1 %  z inc Premixb . 2  . 2  . 2  . 2  a Premix o f  diet s 1 ,  3 ,  5 and 7 had aureomycin t o  supply 5 0  grams per ton. b Supplied per lb . of diet : vitamin E ,  2 . 5  IU; vitamin K, 1 5 mg; niacin , 8 mg; choline , 5 0  25 milligrams . vitamin A,  1500 IU; vitamin D ,  1 5 0  IU; Protein level , % Antibiot ic + Trt . no . la 0- 4 wk . b . 94 4-8 wk . b . 98 8- 12 wk . b • 83 1 2-marketb . 9 3 0- 4 wk . b • 94 0-8 wk. b • 96 0- 1 2  wk. b . 9 1 0-marketb . 93 a S ignif icant mg; riboflavin, 1 . 25 mg; pantothenic acid , mg; vitamin B1 2 , 5 mcg and aureomycin , Table 2 .  Average Daily Gains , Lb . 10  1 2  1 4  1 6  + + + 2a 3 4 5 6 7 By Periods . 84 1 . 1 4  1 . 15 1 .  46 1 . 34 1 .  5 6  . 85 1 .  49 1 . 4 1 1 .  76 1 .  80 2 . 02 . 70 1 . 5 9 1 .  6 1  1 .  78 1 . 82 1 .  73  . 9 3 1 . 84 1 .  89 1 . 85 1 .  68 1. 64 Accumulative . 84 1 . 1 4 1 .  15 1 . 46 1 .  34 1 . 56 . 81 1 .  3 1  1 . 2 7  1 . 6 1  1 . 5 7  1 .  79 • 78 1.  3 7  1 .  39 1 . 66 1 . 65 1 .  7 7  . 81 1 . 49 1 . 50 1 .  69 1 . 6 6 1 .  73  dif ferences among treatments due to ant ibiotic (P< . 05 ) .  8 1 . 5 5 1 . 98 1 .  78 1 .  73 1 . 55 1 .  76 1 .  7 7  1 .  7 6  b Significant differences among treatments due to protein level (P< . 05 ) .  1 6 - 4 -Table 3 .  Feed/Gain Protein 1 0  1 2  1 4  1 6  level , % Ant ibiotic + + + + Trt . no . la 2a 3 4 5 6 7 8 � Periods 0-4 wk. 3 . 35 4 . 1 6 3 . 03 3 . 1 7  2 . 64 2 . 7 6  2 . 43 2 . 5 1  4-8 wk . 4 . 1 7  4 .  75 3 . 1 6 3 . 45 3 . 06 3 . 14 2 . 38 2 . 86 8- 12 wk . 4 . 79 6 . 22 3 . 7 9  3 . 78  3 .  7 2  3 . 5 6 3 . 52 3 . 83 12-market 4 . 9 3 4 . 5 6 3 . 65 3 . 63 3 . 86 3 . 54 3 . 96 3 . 94 Accumulativea 0-4 wk . 3 . 35 4 . 1 6  3 . 03 3 . 1 7  2 . 64 2 . 76 2 . 43 2 . 5 1  0-8 wk . 3 .  7 7  4 . 47 3 . 1 0 3 . 32 2 . 87 2 . 98 2 . 39 2 . 70 0- 12 wk . 4 . 06 4 . 95 3 . 33 3 . 50 3 . 1 7  3 . 1 9  2 . 76 3 . 08 0-market 4 . 29 4 . 74  3 . 42 3 . 53 3 . 20 3 . 27 2 . 9 3 3 . 1 7  a Significant d if ferences among treatments (P< . 0 1 ) . Table 4 .  Carcas s Characteristics Protein level ,  % 1 0  1 2  1 4  1 6  Ant ibiotic + + + + Treatment no . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dressing percent 7 2 . 5  7 3 . 9 7 4 . 1 75 . 1 7 6 . 9  74 . 6  76 . 9  7 6 . 0  Carcass length ,  in . 3 1 . 5  32 . 7  3 1 . 4  3 1 . 3  3 1 . 6  3 1 . 4  3 1 . 5  3 1 .  7 Backfat , in . a 1 .  67  1 .  7 4  1 . 33 1 . 40 1 . 38 1 .  35 1 .  33 1 . 30 Loin eye area, 3 . 45 3 . 24 4 . 30 4 . 28 4 . 98 4 . 48 5 . 37 5 . 1 8 s q .  in . a Backfat values are average of three measurements ,  1st rib , las t rib and last lumbar . 1 7  

Effect of Antibiotics on the Growth of Growing Pigs Fed Different Levels of Protein

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Effect of Antibiotics on the Growth of Growing Pigs Fed Different Levels of Protein

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