The objectives of the trial reported here were:                                                                                                                                                        1. To compare the performance of pigs fed rations with the same proportions of grain and supplement but with the grain corn in one rations and wheat in another ration. 2. To assess the possible feeding value of wheat\u27s greater protein content by use of an all wheat ration in which there was a lower level of supplemental protein. 3. To assess the value of lysine in wheat rations by the effition of lysine to the same ration as used for comparison 2 (above)

Dittman, A. E.

McCarty, J. W.

Wahlstrom, R. C.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1970 Animal Science Reports1970Wheat in Swine Finishing RationsJ. W. McCartySouth Dakota State UniversityR. C. WahlstromA. E. DittmanFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1970Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1970 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationMcCarty, J. W.; Wahlstrom, R. C.; and Dittman, A. E., "Wheat in Swine Finishing Rations" (1970). South Dakota Swine Field DayProceedings and Research Reports, 1970. Paper 12.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1970/12South Dakot a  S tate Univers ity Brookings , South Dakota Department of  Animal Science Agricultural Experiment S tation Wheat in Swine Finishing Rations A . S .  Series 70- 39 J .  W .  McCarty , R .  C .  Wah lst rom and A .  E .  Dit tman Wheat , becaus e of  its re latively h igh protein content as compared to o ther cereal grains , is attractive as the grain in rations for growing-finish ing swine . As compared to corn , wheat is approximate ly equal in energy value , diges tib ility and palatab i lity . Like corn , wheat is also de fi cient in speci fic amino acids , notab ly lysine . The ob j ectives of  the trial reported here ·were : 1 .  To compare the performance of  pigs fed rations wi th the same proportions of grain and supplement b ut wi th the grain corn in one rati on and wheat in another rat ion . 2 .  To assess the possib le feeding value of  wheat ' s  greater p rotein content by us e of  an all wheat ration in wh ich there was a lower level of  supplemental protein . 3 .  To asses s  the value of  lys ine in wheat rations by the addition of lysine to the same ration as used for comparis on 2 ( ab ove) . �erimental P rocedures One hundred twenty- eight crossb red b arrows and gilts , all by one s ire , were allotted to two replicates of four treatments on the basis of litter , sex and wei ght . Each of the 16-pig groups was grown out in gras s-alfal fa pas ture lots approximately one-half acre in size . Equipment in each lot included a portab le shel ter , self-feeder and automatic watering fountain . Experimental rations ( compos ition is shown in tab le 1) were se lf-fed . These rations were all ground mixtures of grain , protein and sup plements containing s imilar levels of minerals , vi tamins and antib iotic . They represented the fol­lowing ration treatments :  1 .  Corn , control 2 .  Wheat , high protein 3 .  wbeat , low protein 4. Wheat , low protein and supplemental lys ine Grower rations were fed until pigs wi thin lots averaged approximately 125 lb . ,  and f inisher rations were fed from 125 lb . to f inal weights . Barrows were removed from the experiment at weigh ts not less than 205 lb . and trucked 160 miles to a packing plant where carcass data were collected . Gilts were removed and live b ack fat prob es taken at we ights near 200 lb . 3 8  - 2 -Resul ts and Dis cuss ion Performance data for this trial have been summari zed for p ig gains and feed us e ,  efficiency and cos ts in tab le 2 and for carcass data in tab le 3 .  Thes e data show that the control corn ration ( treatment 1) p roduced greater daily gains , wi th more efficient feed use ,  and at a lower cos t per uni t  of gain than was true for any of the all-whe at rations ( treatments 2 ,  3 and 4) . Barrow carcass data do not indicate any clear dif ferential results due to treatment , except that carcas s es for control pigs tended to have somewhat more backfat than for pigs on other t reatments . Wheat or Corn Treatments 1 and 2 differed only in the grain portion of the rations . Based on calculated analysis for protei n ,  the wheat rati on contained 3% more crude protein than the corn ration . P igs fed wheat gained sligh tly less rapidly than those fed corn but were 8 . 6 %  les s  effi cient in feed use . The price dif ferential between corn and wheat was great enough that feed cos ts for the whe at rat ion were almos t two cents per pound of gain greater than f or the corn ration . Clearly , consideration of crude prote in content alone is not suffi cient when comparing thes e two rations wh ich were supplemented equally . Considerat ion of treatment 3 as compared to  ei ther treatment 1 or 2 in th is trial demons trates further that crude protein con tent is not the bes t  meas ure of ration feeding value . Bas ed on calculated crude protein , the control corn rat i on and treatment 3 were simi lar nutri tionally . Howeve r ,  pigs on treatment 3 gained 9 %  less rapi dly and were 17% les s  efficient than the control pigs . Feed cos ts were proportionately greater for t reatment 3 pigs . Wheat Wi th Added Lys ine Wheat is known to be deficient parti cularly in the ess ential amino acid lys ine . The re lative importance of lys ine is demons trated by treatment 4 .  Treatments 3 and 4 di f fered only in the addi tion of lys ine for treatment 4. Pigs on this treatment performed at a somewhat higher level in all respects than those on treatment 3 .  Addi tional lys ine imp roved b o th gains and feed efficiency b ut at a cos t per pound o f  gain greater than when wheat was us ed as the grain in treatment 2 .  Thes e treatment comparis ons ind icate that lys ine was limi ting in the rations us ed , but other nutrient cons t i tuents or amino acid b alance may be also involved .  S umma� Bas ed on the treatments imposed in this trial , pigs s elf-fed a supp lemented corn ration gained more rapidly , wi th gre ater feed efficiency , and at less cos t  than pigs on three other rat ions us ing wheat as the grain . Substi tuting wheat for corn--with each ration s upplement ed the same--p roduced similar pig gains , but feed efficiency and cos ts were less des irab le than for p igs on the corn rations,. Wheat rations formulated to have protein contents similar to corn rat ions resulted in less des i rab le overall p ig performance than for the con trol corn rat ion . Daily gains were s imilar but not feed effi ci ency . The pri ce different ial between corn and wheat was too great for economic al use of wheat as the grain . 3 9  - 3 -Supplemental lys ine at the level us ed in this trial was no t s ufficient to produce pig performance equal to that using corn rations . Barrow carcass data showed little evidence of influence from ration treatment wi th the pos s ib le exception that those fed the corn rat ions tended to have somewh at more b ackfat than was true for the other t reatments . 40 -I= f-' Tab le 1 . Comp os ition of Experimental Rations (For 1 , 000 lb . of complete , ground mixture) Treatment 1 2 3 4 IngredieI_'lts Grower _ Finisher Grower Finisher Grower Finisher Grower --Finisher Shelled corn Wheat Soybean oil meal ( 44%) Dicalcium phosphate Ground limes tone Trace mineral salt (0 . 8  to 1 . 0 %  zinc) Vitamin-antib iotic p remixa Lysine (50%)  Calculated protein content , Chemical analyses Protein , % Calcium , % Phosphorus , % % 79 7 178  10 8 5 2 . 5  15 . 0  16 . 06 0 . 5 5  0 . 49 885 79 7 9 2  178  9 10 7 8 5 5 2 . 5  2 . 5 12 . 0  17 . 4  12 . 75 19 . 6 8  0 . 50 0 . 55 0 . 4 2  0 . 6 1  885 884 9 75 9 2  90 9 11 11 7 8 7 5 5 5 2 . 5  2 . 5  2 . 5  - -- --14 . 6  14 . 6  11 . 7 17 . 25 17 . 31 15 . 6 2  0 . 4 7  0 . 5 3 0 . 4 7  0 . 59 0 . 6 1  0 . 6 4  ·- -----a Each pound of premix provided : 2 gm . oxy te tracycline , 600 , 000 U . S . P .  units vitamin A ,  400 mg . rib oflavin , 1 , 000 mg . d-pantothenic acid , 3 , 000 mg . niacin , 23 , 044 mg . choline 3 mg . vi tamin B 12 activi ty . ---------- - - --- ---� -884 9 75 90 11 11 8 7 5 5 2 . 5  2 . 5  4 . 0  4 . 0  14 . 6  11 . 7 17 . 8 7 16 . 4 7 0 . 6 2 0 . 56 0 . 6 1  0 . 59 - - ---60 I . U .  vi tamin D3 , chloride , and � + N Tab le 2 .  Performance Summary for Pigs Fed Corn or Wheat Treatment Lot number Numb er pigs Avg . initial weight , lb . Avg . final weight , lb . Avg . daily gain , lb . Feed required per lb . gain , lb . Avg . daily feed consump tion , lb . Feed cos t  per lb . gain , cents Feed cos t / ton feed , $ a Grower Finisher 1 Corn ( control)_ 1 5 16 16 66 66 208 213 1 . 86 1 . 89 2 . 7 3 2 . 6 4  5 . 0 7  5 . 00 8 . 1  7 . 8  6 2 .  9 2  5 7 . 79 2 High J.l.!Otein 2 8 16 16 6 7  6 5  208 209 1 . 83 1 . 81 2 . 88 2 . 9 4  5 . 26 5 . 32 9 . 8  10 . 0  7 1 . 5 3  66 . 35 Growing-Finishing Rations · --Wheat rations 3 4 Low protein , Low prot�in lys ine added 3 7 4 6 16 16 16 16 66 6 7  6 8  6 7  216 209 212 211 1 .  73 1 .  70 1 .  74 1 . 80 3 . 0 7  3 . 4 2 3 . 0 8  2 . 90 5 . 31 5 . 82 5 . 36 5 . 2 7 9 . 8  11 . 0  10 . 5  9 . 9  6 7  . 04 71 . 04 6 2 . 6 7 66 . 6 7  --- ·---· ----- --- -- ·---- ---------·----·---------------a Total feed costs are b ased on the following ingredient pri ces : Corn , $ 2 . 2 5 / cwt . ( $ 1 . 26/b u . ) ;  wheat , $ 2 . 79 / cwt . ( $ 1 . 6 7 /bu . ) ; soybean oil meal , $ 5 . 30 /cwt . ;  dicalcium phosphate , $5 . 20 /cwt . : ground limes tone , $ 1 . 4 5 / cw t . ; trace mineral s alt , $ 2 . 6 5 / cwt . ; vi tamin-antibiotic premix , $0 . 42/lb . ; lys ine , $1 . 00 / lb . ; grinding , $ 2 . 50 / ton ; and mixing ,  $ 2 . 0 5 / ton .  \JI Tab le 3 .  Treatment Lot number Number carcass es Final age , days Final weight , lb . Cold carcas s weight , lb . Carcas s : leng th , in . Carcass : backfat , in . Loin eye are a ,  sq . in . Percent ham and loin Percent lean cuts -+= w Carcass Data Summary for Pigs Fed Corn or Wheat Growing-Finish ing Rations 1 2 Corn (control ) High protein 1 5 2 8 8 8 8 8 147 146 146 151 214 221 217 2 20 156 162 152 156 29 . 8  29 . 6  30 . 2 31 . 3  1 . 5 3 1 . 5 2 1 . 37 1 . 44 5 . 1 7 4 . 6 5 5 . 08 4 . 6 3  42 . 6  42 . 7  45 . 3  4 3 . 4  60 . 0  59 . 7  6 2 . 8  60 . 6  Wheat rat ions 3 Low protein 3 7 8 8 156 152 2 26 218 160 156 30 . 7 29 . 8  1 . 39 1 . 46 4 . 69 4 . 60 4 3 . 1  42 . 2  60 . 7 59 . 3  4 Low protein , lysine added 4 6 8 8 15 3 149 219 2 2 3  157 158 29 . 9  30 . 1  1 . 44 1 . 45 5 . 18 4 . 7 7 44 . 0  4 3 . 1  6 1 . 5  60 . 5  °' 

Wheat in Swine Finishing Rations

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Wheat in Swine Finishing Rations

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