Cereal grains are particularly low in lysine, one of the essential amino acids, and a protein supplement must be fed with grains to supply additional lysine as well as other amino acids. The purpose of the experiment reported herein was to study the performance of growing and finishing pigs when fed rations of different protein content with and without additional lysine supplementation

Fredrikson, J. F.

Libal, G. W.

Wahlstrom, R. C.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1970 Animal Science Reports1970Protein and Lysine Levels in Growing-FinishingSwine RationsR. C. WahlstromSouth Dakota State UniversityG. W. LibalJ. F. FredriksonFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1970Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1970 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationWahlstrom, R. C.; Libal, G. W.; and Fredrikson, J. F., "Protein and Lysine Levels in Growing-Finishing Swine Rations" (1970). SouthDakota Swine Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1970. Paper 7.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_swine_1970/7South Dakot a  S tate Universi ty Brookings , South Dakota Department of Animal S cience Agricultural Experiment S tation A . S .  Series 70-34 Pro tein and Lysine Levels in Growing-Finishing Swine Rations R. C .  Wahlstrom ,  G .  W .  Lib al and J .  F .  Fredriks on Although we speak in terms o f  protein content of the ration , swine actu ally require amino acids , not protein , for op timum performance . Thus , a ration con­taining 14% protein could be composed o f  ingredients that would give it  an amino acid content equal to  ano ther ration con t aining 16% protein . Cereal grains are particularly low in lys ine , one o f  the essential amino acids , and a protein s upplement mus t  be fed wi th grains to supply add i tional lys ine as well as other amino acids . The purpose of the exp eriment reported herein was to s tudy the performance of growing and finish ing pigs when fed rations of di fferent protein content wi th and wi thout additional lys ine supp lementation . Experiment a]. Procedure One hundred twenty weanling pigs were divided into three replicate groups on the b asis of weight and sex . Each replicate was then allotted into five treatment groups of 8 pigs each wi th equal numbers of gilts and b arrows . Thus , three lots of pigs received each o f  the ration treatments wh ich were : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The a level rations 110 lb . 16% protein ration (high pro tein) 14% protein ration (medium p ro te in) 14% protein ration plus 0.15% L-lysine 12% protein ration (low pro tein ) 12% protein ration plus 0.15% L-lysine lysine supplementation increased the lysine content of those rations t o  equ ivalent to that in the rations containing 2% add i tional p ro tein . All were decreased 2% in p ro tein con tent when the pigs weighed approximately Composition of the rations is shown in t ab le 1. Average ini tial weights of p igs in the three replicates varied from approxi­mately 30 to 47 lb . wi th treatment averages of the three rep li cates being about 39 lb . The pigs were weighed off of the experiment when they reached an ave rage weight of from 200 to 210 lb . except for five pigs in treatment 4 and two pigs in treatment 5 that h ad not reached 200 lb . when the experiment was terminate d .  Carcass data were ob t ained after the carcass es h ad been cooled for approximately 24 hours . Data collected were carcass length , b ackfat , percent ham and loin and area of the loin eye mus cle . Results Growth performance dat a  are summari zed in tab le 2 and carcass data in tab le 3. Pigs in treatment 1 (h igh protein ration) and those on t reatments 2 and 3 (medium pro tein ration wi thout and with lys ine , respect ively) h ad identical average daily gains (1.54 lb . per day) . The low protein ration , treatment 4, was clearly de ficient in protein as the pigs h ad an average daily gain of only 1.16 lb . per day .  2 2  - 2 -Pigs fed the low protein ration plus lys ine , treatment 5, gained 1.35 lb . per day whi ch was 0.19 lb . per day fas ter than thos e pigs fed this ration wi thout lysine but was 0.19 lb . per day slower than those pigs fed the medium protein ration with the same lysine content ( treatment 2). This would indicate that the low protein ration was deficient in lys ine content and also in some other amino acid ( s ) . Feed requi red per pound of gain was s omewhat variab le b e tween treatments although the low protein ration , treatment 4, required considerab ly more feed p er uni t  of gain . Feed : gain ratios were 3.46, 3.56, 3.31, 4.03 and 3.57 for treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively . Carcass es of pigs fed the high protein ration or the medium protein rations did not differ in the characteris ti cs measured . Carcasses of pigs fed the low protein ration wi thout supplemental lys ine had s ligh tly more backfat , almost one square inch less loin eye area and about 1% les s ham and loin . Loin eye area and ham-loin percentage of carcasses from pigs fed the low protein ration plus lysine were somewhat greater than those fed this ration wi thout lys ine but smaller than those from pigs fed the medium or high protein ration . Pigs fed low protein rations , 12% to 110 lb . and 10% from 110 lb . to  market weigh t , gained s lower , required more feed per uni t  of gain and produced carcasses with smaller loin eye areas and les s  percentage of ham and loin . Supplementing th is low protein ration wi th lysine improved gain, feed:gain ratio and carcass characteris tics , but performance did no t equal that o f  pigs fed h igher pro tein rat ions . Tab le 1. Composition of Rations ( Percent) Ground yellow corn Soyb ean meal , 44% Dicalc ium phosphate Ground limes tone Trace mine ral salt Vi tamin-antib iotic premixa -- -- ------ --To 110 lb . 1:6-·--14----12-76.0 21.0 1. 7 0.5 0.5 0.25 82.0 15.0 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.25 87.5 9.4 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.25 110 lb . to market -14--- 12 10 82.5 15.0 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.25 88.0 9.4 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.25 - --93. 2 4.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.25 a Provided 1,500 I . U .  vi tamin A ,  150 I . U .  vi tamin D, 1 mg . riboflavin , 2.5 mg . calcium p antothenate , 7.5 mg . niacin , 50 mg . choline , 5 rnc g .  vit amin B12 and 5 mg . oxyte tracycline per lb . of ration . 23 No . Avg .  Avg . Avg . Avg . - 3 -Tab le 2 .  Growth Performance of Pigs Fed High , Medium and Low Protein Rations , Wi th and Without Lysine Medium High Nedi um pro tein Low Low p rotein protein protein +o . 15% protein +0 . 15% ( 16-14%) ( 14-12%) lysine ( 12-10 % )  lys ine of pigsa 24  23  24  24 24  ini tial wt . , lb . b 38 . 6  39 . 1  38 . 5  38 . 2  38 . 9  final wt . ,  lb . 202 . 7  201 . 6  204 . 1  183 . 4  19 8 .  7 daily gain , lb . 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 . 54 1 . 16 1 . 35 feed cons . I day , lb . 5 . 34 5 . 49 5 . 09 4 . 6 7 4 . 84 Feed : gain ratio 3 . 46 3 . 56 3 . 31 4 . 0 3  3 . 5 7  a Three repli cates of 8 pigs each per treatment . One pig died on medium protein . b Average ini tial weigh ts were 4 7 . 3 ,  39 . 2  and 29 . 3  lb . for repli cates 1 ,  2 and 3 ,  respectively . No . Cold Avg .  Avg .  Avg . Avg . Table 3 .  Carcass Data o f  Pigs Fed High , Medium an d  Low Protein Rations , Wi th and Without Lys ine Medium Low · High Medium protein Low protein protein pro te in +o . 15�� pro tein +0 . 15% ( 16- 14%) ( 14-12%) lysine ( 12-10%)  lysine of carcass es 24 2 3  2 4  19 2 2  carcass wt . , lb . 146 . 7  145 . 8  1 4 8 . 0  1 38 . 3  144 . 8  carcass length , in . 30 . 2 30 . 2  30 . 4  30 . 0  30 . 8  carcass b ack fat , in . 1 . 35 1 .  37  1 . 34 1 . 4 2 1 . 37 h am-loin , % 38 . 1  38 . 0  38 . 0  3 7  . 1  37 . 4  loin eye area , 3 . 8  3. 7 3 . 9  2 . 9 3 . 4  sq . in . 24 

Protein and Lysine Levels in Growing-Finishing Swine Rations

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Protein and Lysine Levels in Growing-Finishing Swine Rations

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