The object of this experiment was to study the value of an experimental biological additive as an enhancer of the chemical composition and feeding value of corn silage. Growing lambs were used to measure the effect of treatment on digestibility and nitrogen retention

Luther, Richard M.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings andResearch Reports, 1985 Animal Science Reports1985Preliminary Studies with Lambs on the Utilizationof Corn Silage Treated with a Biological AdditiveRichard M. LutherSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_sheepday_1985This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985 byan authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationLuther, Richard M., "Preliminary Studies with Lambs on the Utilization of Corn Silage Treated with a Biological Additive" (1985).South Dakota Sheep Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1985. Paper 3.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_sheepday_1985/3PRELIMINARY STUDIES WITH LAMBS ON THE UTILIZATION OF CORN SILAGE TREATED WITH A BIOLOGICAL ADDITIVEa RIC HARD M. LUT H ER Departmen t of  Anima l and Range S c i ences  Agr icul tural Exper iment Stat ion Sununary SHEEP 8S-3 Corn forage was inocu lated with an exper imental  b io log ical  add it ive and s tored in S S -gal lon s t e e l  b arre l s . The tre ated corn s il ag e  was compared to  untre ated corn s il ag e  in t erms of chem ical  charac t er is t ic s , nut r ient ut i l izat ion by l amb s and pres ervat ion o f  dry mat t er . S i l age treated with the b io log ical  add it ive  had h igher t it ratab l e  ac id ity , a t t r ibut ab le mos t ly to  a t rend toward h igher l ac t ic , ace t i c  and prop ion ic ac id conten t s . Greater  quan t i t ies  o f  carbohyd rate appe ared to b e  ut i l ized i n  the format ion o f  t re at ed s il ag e . F ermentat ion e f f ic iency t ended t o  favor the treated s i l ag e  as ind ic a t ed by a wider l ac t ic t o  ace t i c  ac id rat io . Alcoho l produc t ion was a l s o  lower i n  the t re at ed s i l ag e  than in the unt re a t ed s il ag e . There were no d i fferenc e s  b e tween untreat ed and t reated s i l ag e  in d iges t ib i l ity  of d ry mat ter , c rude p ro te in or org an i c  mat ter . Lambs fed the treated s i l ag e  retained s l ight ly more n i t rogen for produc t ive purpo s e s  than l amb s f e d  the untreated s i l ag e . Recovery o f  fe edab l e  dry mat t e r  was h igh for both s i l ages , amount ing to  97 . 8% for the untreated s il ag e  and 9 8 . 8% for the inoculated s i l ag e . The overal l evaluat ion ind icated that the expe r imental  b io log ical  add it ive may have prov ided a sma l l improvemen t  in  s i l ag e  qua l ity . Add it iona l rese arch with this  add it ive wil l  b e  conduc t ed ut i l izing farm s ca l e  tower s i l o s . (Key Word s : Corn s il ag e , S i l ag e  add it ive s , S il ag e  preservat ion ) . Introduct ion Intere s t  cont inues  in the u se of b io log ical  produc t s  to enhance the qual ity  and pre s e rvat ion of s il ag e . A numbe r  of comme rc ial produc t s  rang ing f rom org an i c  ac id s , nitrogen c ompound s ,  enzyme s and viab l e  microorgan isms have eme rged o n  today ' s  s i l ag e  add it ive marke t .  Sc ien t i s t s  are cont inu ing t o  res e arch the co s t  e f fe c t ivene s s and conservat ion e f f ic iency of the s e  compound s .  P repared for Sheep Day , June 6 ,  1 98S . a Exper iment a l  produ c t  o f  Ceva Laborato r ie s , Overland P ark , KS , a D ivis ion o f  Sanof i  Sante  Animale , Paris , Franc e . 11 M icrob io log ical add it ives  such as Lactob ac i l lus  acidoph ilus and 1.· plantarum have g iven var iab l e  resul t s  when app l ied as inoculat ions t o  corn and l egume forag e . Inocul a t ion o f  corn s i l ag e  a t  the South Dako t a  Experiment S tat ion has gene ra l ly resu l t ed i n  h igher qua l ity  s il ag e  i n  t erms of t o t a l  acid ity and concentrat ion of l act ic acid with s l ight ly  improved dry mat t e r  recovery compared to untreated s il ag e . Feed lot  performance has been s imil ar for untreat ed and t re a t ed s i l ag e s . Anima l s  fed inoculated s i l ag e  retained more abs orbed nitrogen than tho se fed untreat ed s il ag e , ind icat ing a po t ent ial  for increas ed depo s it ion o f  pro tein in body t i s sue . The object o f  this exper iment was t o  s tudy the value o f  an experiment a l  b io log ica l  add it ive as an enhancer o f  the chemical compo s it ion and f e ed ing value of corn s i l ag e . Growing lambs were used to  me asure the e f fect of treatment on d ig e s t ib i l ity  and nitrogen r e t ent ion.  Procedures  Corn forage from the  1 9 83 corn crop was harves t ed b ef or e  fro s t  on Sep t embe r  2 0 , 1 9 83 . The f or ag e  contained 3 2 . S% d ry mat t er at ens il ing and was e levated into a K e l ly-Ryan m ix ing wagonb equ ipped with a s ca l e .  We ighed forag e  was d ispensed  into S S-ga l lon s t e e l  barre l s  ( s il o s ) equ ipped with a p l as t ic l iner and p acked by walk ing on the forag e  surface dur ing f il l ing . Each barre l or s il o  had a l id wh ich fas t ened securely  in p l ace with a r ing- lock f as t ener . The s i los  were t ared for we ight and then rewe ighed after  be ing f il led with forag e . Twe lve s i los  were f il led with untreated forag e . Another 1 1  s i los  we re f il l ed with corn forag e  treated with an experiment a l  s i l ag e  b io log ica l add it ivec at  the rate  o f  1 kg add it ive p e r  t on of wet forag e . The add it ive was app l ie d  t o  a we ighed quantity  of forag e , mixed in the mix ing wagon and d i s pensed into the s i los . The s i los  were s tored in an unheated bu ild ing and opened for f e ed ing af t er 1 98 d ays o f  s torag e . Twe lve l amb s ave rag ing 7 3 . 8  ( tr ia l  I ) and 86 . 6  lb . ( trial  II) were used in two t o t a l  co l lect ion d ig es t ion and nitrogen bal ance trials . The l amb s were she ared , e ar t agged , d ewormed and vaccinat ed aga inst  ove reat ing d i s e as e  p r ior to the s tart o f  the tr ial . The l ambs were p l aced in ind iv idual pens and fed the s il ag es for about 2 weeks . Then , the l ambs we re trans f e rred to  me t abo l i sm crates for an adju s tment period . E ach t r ia l  cons i s t ed o f  S days dur ing wh ich s amp l e s  o f  feed s  f e d  and f e ed refusa l s  and a l iquo t s  o f  feces and ur ine we re co l lect ed for chemica l ana lys is .  The s il ag e  was fed to appe t i t e  and . 3  kg of a supp lement top dres sed  to the s il ag e . S i l ag e  and supp l ement were fed once daily . The supplement was composed  of 1 7 . 3% g round corn , 80 . 3% soyb e an me al ( 48% pro t e in)  and 2 . 4% g round l ime s tone . Vitamin A was included in the supp lement to  supp ly l SOO IU vitamin to e ach lamb daily . D ig e s t ion co ef f icients were ca lcu la t ed for dry mat ter , crude p ro te in and organic mat t e r . Nitrogen u t i l izat ion was repor ted as feca l , ur inary and ret ained nit rogen . � Blair Manufactur ing Company , Blair , NE . Experiment a l  product o f  Ceva Laborator ie s , Ove r land Park , KS , a D ivis ion o f  Sano f i  Sante Anima l e , Par is , France . 12 Chemica l analys i s  o f  s i l ag e  s amp les  co l lect ed a t  ens i l ing and a t  f e ed ing fo l lowed a pro f il e  rou t inely u s e d  a t  t h i s  l aboratory . Measurement s  included pH , dry mat t e r  ( t o luene d i s t i l lat ion) , alcoho l conten t , lact ic acid , carbohydrate conten t , t o t al nitrogen , t i tratab l e  acid ity and vo l a t i l e  f a t t y  acids . The pro f i l e s  were u s e d  t o  me asure chem ical changes  brought about by the b io log ica l add it ive dur ing fermentat ion and sub sequent s torage . Al l data  were subject ed t o  s t at i s t ical ana lys i s . Dry mat ter  pres ervat ion was d e termined by compar ing the total forag e  dry mat t er ens i l ed with the d ry mat t er o f  the s i l ag e  removed from the s i l o . Spo i l ed s i l age was carefu l ly s ep arated from the f e edab l e  s il ag e  as  e ach s i lo was opened . Res u l t s  Chemica l Charact eris t ics Chem ical charact er i s t ics of the experiment a l  s i l ages  at the t ime o f  feed ing are p re s en t ed i n  t ab le 1 .  The s il ag e s  contained about 3 5% dry mat ter  and a low pH of 3 . 5 .  S il ag e  treated with the inoculan t  had more acid measured as t i tratab l e  acid ity  ( P < . 0 1 ) than unt re at ed s il age . The crude p ro t e in con t en t  on a dry mat te r  b as i s  was 7 . 1 2% for the untreatd s il ag e  and 7 . 85% for the inoculated s il ag e . However , d ifferences o f  thi s  magnitude were obs erved b etween the two tre atments  a t  the t ime o f  ens i l ing . Ammoniaca l n i t rogen , a measure o f  pro t e in degradat ion , was not me asured in th i s  expe r iment , but n i t rogen lo s s e s  were b e l ieved t o  be minima l . Lact ic acid concentrat ions were about 9%  h igher for the inocul ated s i l ag e . However , the values were not s t at i s t ical ly s ign i f ican t . Vo lat i l e  fatty  acids , ace t ic ( no t  s igni f ican t ) and p rop ionic (P= . 06 )  al s o  t ended t o  b e  h igher i n  the inoculated s i l ag e . Butyric acid , an ind icator o f  low qua l ity  s i l ag e , was no t d e t ect ed in the treated s il ag e . The f ermentat ion e f f iciency t ended to  f avor the inoculated s i l ag e  as  ind ica ted by a wider rat io of  l act ic to  ace t ic acid , a l though this d id not d iffer  s igni f ican t ly . Fermentat ion o f  carbohydrates  was me asured t o  r e l at e  the proce s s  o f  acid f ormat ion t o  l eve l s  o f  the s e  compound s i n  the s il ag e s . So lub le total  carbohydrat e and reducing s ug ars as  a percent ag e  o f  tho s e  ens i led t ended t o  b e  lower ( no t  s igni f ican t )  i n  inoculated s il ag e  than i n  untreated s i l ag e . Thi s  sugg e s t s  an e f f ect o f  the inoculan t  on carbohydrate  d egradat ion . The extens ive u s e  o f  carbohydrat e in acid format ion is support ed by the h igher total  acid ity ( P < . 01 ) , l act ic ( no t  s ignif ican t ) and vo l at i l e  f a t t y  acid values ( prop ionic , P= . 06 )  obs e rved in the inocu l a t ed s i l ag e . In the chemical react ions o f  s il ag e  format ion , alcoho l s , me thano l ,  e thano l and o thers may b e  obs erved . To tal  a lcoho l product ion was lowered ( P < . 0 5 )  in th i s  s tudy by the inocu l a t ion treatmen t . This  is cons id ered a d e s irab l e  effect . 13 D ig e s t ib i l ity and Nitrogen Ut i l iza t ion Resu l ts of two d iges t ion s tudies  with lamb s  are pres ent ed in t ab l e  2 .  D iges t ib il ity o f  dry mat t e r , crude pro t ein and organ ic mat t e r  in the inocu lated s i l age t end ed to  be s l ight ly lower than in the untreated s i l ag e . The d if ferences , however ,  were sma l l  and not s t a t i s t ica l ly s ignif ican t .  Nitrogen ut i l izat ion b y  lamb s  fed the exp e r imental  s i l ages  i s  pre s en t ed in t ab l e  3 .  Lambs fed  the inocu lated s il age consumed s l ight ly more n i t rogen than lambs fed the untreated . The d if fe rence o f  about 1 g per  day was s tat i s t ica l ly s igni f ican t but o f  l i t t le pract ica l impor t ance . Lambs fed the inocu lated s il ag e  had higher feca l  nitrogen l eve l s  in bo th t r i a l s  ( tr ia l  I ,  not s igni f ican t; t r ia l  I I , P= . 09 ) . However , they retained 20% more nitrogen ( 6 . 9  vs 5 . 7 g ,  P= . 1 2 ) in trial  I and 5% more n i t rogen ( 9 . 3 vs 8 . 9 g ,  not s ignif ican t )  in t r ia l  I I  than l ambs fed the unt re at ed s il ag e . Nitrogen ret ained as a percent age of n i trogen consumed t end ed t o  f avor the inoculated s i l ag e  treatment , but the d i f fe rence was not s igni f ican t . Dry Mat t er Recove ry Recovery o f  dry mat t er in untreated s i l ag e  was 9 7 . 8% compared t o  9 8 . 8% in inocu lated s il age ( t ab l e  4 ) . S ince the s il ag e  was s tor ed in nearly air- t ight experiment a l  s i los , the s e  h igh dry mat t e r  recove ry value s are rout ine ly obs e rved . Spo i l ag e  lo s se s  were conf ined t o  a sma l l  area on the top surface of the s i l ag e  in the s i lo . 1 4  TABLE 1 .  LEAST- SQUARES MEANS F OR CHEMICAL CHARACTERI STIC S OF CORN SILAGE AT TIME OF FEEDING Add it ive tre atment Untreated Treat eda Numbe r  o f  s amp les  Dry  mat ter , %b pH Titratab l e  ac id i tyc Annnonia n i t rogen Percent in dry mat t er Crude pro t e in Lac t ic ac id Vo l at i l e  fatty ac ids Ace t ic P rop ionic Butyric Tot a l  Lac t ic ac id : acetic  ac id Res idual carbohydrat e , percent o f  carbohydrate s toredd To t a l  c arbohydrat e Reduc ing sug ar A lcoho l s e 1 9  3 4 .  7 2  3 . 5 1  1 0 . 08 ND 7 . 1 2  3.98 . 5 9 5  . 1 6 8  . 0 05  • 7 6 8  6 . 83 47.6 85 . 8  . 7 0 54  1 9  3 5 .03  3 . 5 2  1 1 .2 5** ND 7 .85** 4 . 3 2  . 6 0 5  . 2 1 5 + None . 82 1  7 . 5 0  42.8 7 7  .7 . 5 90 2* a Expe r imental  product o f  C eva Laborator ie s , Ove rland Park ,  KS , a D iv i s ion o f  Sano f i  San t e  Animal e; app l ied at  1 kg/ t on forag e . b To luene d i s t i l lat ion with ac id correct ion . c M i l l i l i t ers  o f  . IN KOH t o  raise  pH to  7 .  d Extrac t ed with co ld wat e r. e Me thano l ,  e thano l ,  2 -propano l. ND = not de t erm ined. S t at i s t ic a l  d i f ferenc e be tween s il ag e  treatmen t s : * = P <.0 5; ** = P <.0 1 ;  + = P=.06 . 1 5 TABLE 2. DIGESTIBILITY OF DRY MATTER , CRUDE PROTEIN AND ORGANIC MATTER IN UNTREATED AND TREATED& CORN SILAGE Trial Add it ive treatment no. Untreated Treated a No. o f  an ima l s  I 6 6 II 6 6 Dry mat ter  intake , g / day I 8 9 9.3 5 9 26 .5 2  II 1 23 5  .44 1 226 .85 D ige s t ib i l i t y , % D ry mat t e r  I 7 5.5 2 7 3  .6 0 II 7 4.0 2 7 2.94 C rude p ro te in I 7 8.9 5 7 8.5 9 II 7 6 .2 9  7 5.57 Organ i c  mat ter I 7 7 .53 75 .6 9 II 7 5.80 7 4.86 8 Experiment a l  produc t of C eva Laborator ie s , Overl and P ark , KS , a D iv i s ion o f  Sanof i  San t e  Animale , Par i s , F rance;  app l ied a t  rate o f  1 kg/ ton forag e. 1 6 TABLE 3.  NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LAMBS FED UNTREATED OR TREATEDa CORN SILAGE Tr ial Add it ive treatmen t  no. Un treat ed Treateda No. o f  an ima l s  I 6 6 II  6 6 Nitrogen consumed , g/ d ay I 23 .82 2 5.1 4** I I  3 0  .27 3 1 .1 5** Fecal  n i t rogen , g I 5.03 5 .3 8 II 7 .18 7 .6 1 ++ Urinary n i t rog en I 1 3.07 1 2.8 9 II  1 4.23 1 4.2 1 To t a l  n i t rogen los s , g I 1 8.09 1 8.27 I I  2 1 .41 2 1 .82 Nitrogen retained , g I 5 .7 2 6 .86 + I I  8.86 9.3 3  Nitrogen ret a ined as I 2 4.07 27 .2 9+++ percent of consumed I I  2 9.2 8 2 9.9 4 a Experiment a l  produc t o f  Ceva Laborator ie s ,  Overl and P ark , KS , a D iv i s ion o f  Sanof i  San t e  An ima l e , Pari s , France; app l ied at  rate  o f  1 kg / ton forag e. S t at i s t ic al d ifferenc e  be tween s il ag e  treatmen t s : ** = P <.0 1; + = P=.1 2; ++ = P=.09; +++ = P=.2 3 .  TABLE 4 .  DRY MATTER REC OVERY O F  UNTREATED AND TREATEDa CORN SILAGE No. o f  s i l o s  Forag e  s tored , lb. S i l ag e  fed , lb. As percent o f  forag e  s tored S il ag e  spo il ed , lb. As percent of forag e  s tored Add it ive treatment Untreated Treated a 1 2  1 1  3 442 2 890 3 3 6 6  2 8 5 5  9 7 .7 8  98.7 9 7 6  3 5  2.2 2  1 . 2 1  a Experimental  produc t o f  C eva Laborator ies , Overland Park , KS , D iv i s ion of Sanof i  Sant e Anima l e , Pari s , Franc e; appl ied  at  rat e  of 1 kg/ ton forage. 1 7 

Preliminary Studies with Lambs on the Utilization of Corn Silage Treated with a Biological Additive

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=sd_sheepday_1985

Preliminary Studies with Lambs on the Utilization of Corn Silage Treated with a Biological Additive

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