The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent large hay package storage retained the initial forage quality by measurement of seven quality parameters over an extended period. The Hesston 60 and Haybuster 1800 were used as examples of hay packaging systems for study

Johnson, C.

Kamstra, L. D.

Schrempp, R.

Turnquist, P.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedingsand Research Reports, 1974 Animal Science Reports1974Quality Measurement of Hay Stored by Large HayPackaging SystemsL. D. KamstraSouth Dakota State UniversityR. SchremppP. TurnquistC. JohnsonFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1974Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports,1974 by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For moreinformation, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationKamstra, L. D.; Schrempp, R.; Turnquist, P.; and Johnson, C., "Quality Measurement of Hay Stored by Large Hay Packaging Systems"(1974). South Dakota Cattle Feeders Field Day Proceedings and Research Reports, 1974. Paper 3.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_cattlefeed_1974/3South Dakota S tate University Brookings , South Dakota Department of Animal Science A gricultural Experiment S tation A.S. Series 74-2 Quality Measurement of Hay S tored by Large Hay Packaging Systems L. D. Kamstra , R. Schrempp , P. Turnquist and C. Johnson Introduction Large hay packaging systems are becoming increasingly popular as a means o f  storing hay c onveniently with a minimum amount o f  labor. I t  has been noted that as much as 28% o f  the hay c rop may be lost during the number of sequential opera­tions involved in traditional hay making. The "one-man operation" packaging systems may allow harvesting at higher than normal moisture levels {approximately 30%) which reduces the chances o f  leaf loss and weathering during drying in a field. It  follows ,  however , that quality loss during storage migh t be a greater p roblem wi th forage stacked at higher moisture levels. S uch loss o f  quality may b e  diffi­cult to determine by visual observation only , except for mold and/or color changes. The purp ose of this study was to determine to what extent large hay package storage retained the initial forage quality by measurement of seven quality parame­ters over an exten ded period. The Hesston 60 and Haybuster 1800 were use d as examples of hay packing systems fo r study. Mat erials and Methods Seventy-three samples of alfalfa forage were taken in different locations from three Hesston stacks locat ed on the Richards Farm near Ipswich during three collection periods (June 6 ,  1972; Oct. 10, 1972 and May 5, 1973). A similar sampling (407 samples) w as made from th ree Hesston stacks at the Richards Farm and th ree Haybus ter stacks at the Pasture Research Center at Norbeck on June 13 , 1973; July 12 , 1973 and October 19 , 1973 . The quality measurements--m oisture , c rude pro tein (CP) , ash , n eutral-detergent fiber (NDF) , acid-detergent fiber (ADF) , acid-detergent lignin (ADL) , Crampton and Maynard cellulose (CMC) and in vit ro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD)--were made on all samples c ollected over this 2 year period. Using a multiple regression equation , quality components were compare d as independent variables to in vit ro dry matter digestibility as a dependen t variable to determine which single or combination of quality components exerts the gr eatest influence on digestibility. P revious research has shown laboratory digestibility to be highly relat ed to actual digestibility trials. Results and Discussion It  w as sh own that nearly 40% o f  the variation in digestibility could be accounted for by the two quality c omponents , acid-detergent lignin and neutral-detergent fiber (table 1). This w ould suggest that of the quality components measured these two appear Prepared for the Eigh teenth Annual Beef C at tle Feeders Day ,  November 1 ,  1974. 7 - 2 -to have the most influence on animal utilization of forage material .  Neutral­detergent fiber can be an indirect measure of plant cell contents, whereas lignin is a measure of plant encrustation. It has long been known that as the lignin content of a plant increases digestibility decreases, since lignin encrustation inhibits digestibility by rumen microorganisms. Using only three quality components, neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility in equation form, a single value or quality index was developed. The values for all samples taken from the stacks are repre­sented in the index and compared to a hay "standard" of known quality. A regres­sion equation was obtained using all values which contributed significantly to the regr ession . A summary of hay quality parameter measurements of each stack is shown in table 2. The data �re used in the Stepwise-Forward Multiple Regression method of selection of quality parameters for an index equation . This procedure involved the use of the dependent variable (IVDMD) and seven independent variables (ADF, NDF, ADL, CP, CMC, ash and moisture) . The proportion of the variability contributed by each independent variable is explained in table 1. The regression equation obtained using all values which contribute significantly to the regression was Y = 86.4 - 0.75 (ADL,%) - 0.34 (NDF,%) + 1.37 (moisture,%) + 0.31 (crude protein,%) - 0.54 (ash,%) . A more simplified equation, Y = 87.8 - 1.33 (ADL) - 0.258 (NDF) , is more practical and would be justified since ADL and NDF explained 39.3% of the total variability accounted for by all quality parameters measured (49.0%). If the simpler equation was used, an example would be as follows: 1. Substitute values into equation of a known standard of choice to obtain a comparison for quality index--for example, immature alfalfa having values of 3.0 and 37.0% ADL and NDF, respectively y 87.8 - 1.33 (3.0) - 0.258 (37.0) y = 87.8 - 13.54 y = 74.26 74•26 100 = 100 74.26 x 2. Substituting mean values of ADL and NDF obtained from stack 1 on the first (a) and third (b) collection dates, we obtain a. Stack 1, collection 1 y 87.8 - 1. 33 (7.0) - 0.258 (55.7) y = 87.8 - 23.7 y = 64. 1 8 - 3 -b. S tack 1, collection 3 y = 87.8 - 1.33 ( 10.0) - 0.258 (70.0) y = 87.8 - 3 1.36 y = 56.44 3. Nutritive value index (NV!) values relative to the standard forage were then calculated NV! 64. 1 x 100 = 86.3 a. = 74 .26 b. NV! = 56.44 x 100 = 76.0 74 .26 IVDMD values decreased approximat ely 22.5, 13.5, and 10. 1 percentage units during a period of 1 year storag e  in stacks 1, 2, and 3, respectively. NV! values for collections 1, 2, and 3 in stacks 1, 2, and 3 decreased approximately 10.3, 13.0, and 10.5 nutritive value units, respectively. The results of the NV! calculations above indicate a reduction of 10.3 nutritive value uni ts in the first year of storage in stack 1. IVDMD during this same period indicated a reduc tion of 22.5 percentage units in the same stack. Table 1. S tepwise-Forward Multiple Regression of S even Chemical Components on In Vitro Dry Mat ter Digestibility Independent Proportion Total variable a exElain ed e!Elain ed % % ADLb 30. 1 30. 1 NDFb 9.2 39.3 Moistur e  6.4 45 . 7  Crude protein 1.4 47. 1 Ashb 1.6 48.7 CMC 0.3 49.0 ADFb o.o 49.0 Total for all seven variables 49.0 a Each indepen den t  variable was regressed on IVDMD. bADL = acid-de terg en t lignin, NDF = neutral-de tergent fib er, CMC = Crampton and M aynard cellulose and ADF = acid-detergent fiber. 9 Table 2. Average Composi tion of Nine Stacks and Three Collection Dates Stk. Date ADFa NDF ADL CMC CP rvmm Mois ture Ash 1 6-15-72 40.27 55.65 7 .04 33.43 12.87 72 .66 35.80 11.90 1 10-10-72 44.22 62.08 8.28 33.91 13.31 63.94 11.70 12.28 1 5- 2-73 46. 11 70. 38 10.02 45.06 1 3.09 50 .1 3 7.90 9.94 2 6-15-72 36.98 49.93 6. 86 31.14 22.10 67. 69 31.80 13. 38 2 10-10-72 4 3. 91 59.90 7.88 34 .08 21.35 68.47 11.40 13.11 2 5- 2-73 44.57 70.13 10. 30 39 .15 1 3. 37 54.23 7.60 9.58 3 6-15-72 39.93 56.22 6.42 34 .13 12.16 65.67 29.00 12. 37 3 10-10-72 4 3.23 62.08 7.76 36 .11 12. 77 57. 56 11.33 12 .41 3 5- 2-73 44.50 70. 55 9.51 43.60 12.48 55.56 8.02 9.61 4 6-13-73 27.96 49.94 8.29 23.31 17.97 66. 28 34 .20 11. 15 4 7-12-73 3 3.76 50.88 10.65 23.37 18.52 61.47 18. 83 11. 61 f-1 4 10-19-7 3 31.29 53.94 8.07 23.70 18.22 6 3. 99 9.90 11. 91 0 � 5 6-13-73 29 .16 53.03 7.22 23.73 17.92 64.24 29.50 10. 89 5 7-12-73 3 3.86 52.19 12.29 24.09 18. 76 61. 30 16.00 11.10 5 10-19-72 31. 30 53.75 7.55 23.64 17 .85 63.19 9. 80 11. 36 6 6-13-73 30.53 55.24 7.79 25.34 17. 76 64.14 32. 30 10. 81 6 7-12-73 35. 32 53.95 9.90 25.67 18 .01 61.00 12.17 11.46 6 10-19-73 3 3.00 52.03 8.09 26 .52 17.66 62.88 9.10 11. 25 7 6-13-73 32.48 52.81 7. 77 27.18 17.42 62.41 39 .90 12.05 7 7-12-7 3 37.42 54. 39 9.17 26.25 16.68 58.12 12 .8 3 13.88 7 10-19-73 36.44 52.59 7.89 27.92 16.47 57.97 9. 70 13.10 8 6-13-73 32. 32 53.28 7.95 28.38 16 .19 62.82 40.10 11.98 8 7-12-73 37.35 55.11 9.05 26.57 16 .58 56.87 13.42 16.82 8 10-19-73 36. 38 55.54 8.00 28.44 16.64 59.59 9.67 12.44 9 6-13-73 3 3.52 54. 72 7.64 28.11 17.13 63.40 39 .80 11.29 9 7-12-73 36.52 56.69 8.74 26. 36 17.08 57. 77 11. 30 15.43 9· 10-19-73 34 .89 55.21 7.40 27.49 16.95 61.60 8.90 11.67 aADF = acid-detergen t fiber, NDF = neutral-detergent fiber, CMC = Crampton and Maynard cellulose, ADL = acid-detergen t lignin, CP = crude protein and IVDMD = i� vitro dry matter gestibili ty. - 5 -Summary and Conclusions A Nutritive V alue Index System has been p ropose d for alfalfa hay stored by large hay packaging systems which uses three quality component measurements. I t  was formulated by d etermin ation of the contribution o f  various quality c omponents to the variability of in vitro digestibility of forage stored by the Hesston and Haybuster packaging systems. The index system is only in its formative stages and will require usage with forage stored for longer periods than 1 year and with othe r  forage species. Mixed p rairie hay stacks are presently being sampled for analysis. 11 

Quality Measurement of Hay Stored by Large Hay Packaging Systems

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Quality Measurement of Hay Stored by Large Hay Packaging Systems

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