This is the first annual progress report of the South East South Dakota Experiment Station in Beresford, South Dakota. This annual progress report includes research on the following topics: Brief History of SESD Experiment Farm, Introduction, Fertility and Cultural Practice Experiments, Corn Yield Tests, Sorghum and Soybean Testing, Small Grain Variety Testing, Grasses and Legumes, Crop Diseases

Bonnemann, J.J.

Fisher, K.D.

Franzke, C.J.

Kingsley, Q.S.

English

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• • 1 f 7. L-- 1 Agronomy Pamphlet #70 ANNUAL PR03RESS REPORT SOUTH EAST SOUTH DAKOTA EXP'--.&�� Beresford, South Dakot :" lg�, hllli i � ·sur ;fer seve:- l � s jµOT u UJat, 9.!nent ,Pilirt af Sot;d:h lluoti- l'lav. bHn !n1..t!.re1tod in -�att:ln .:l:!ij: !n ':.nit J'ffh�n <1f thP tt.i� k -rury Jr;�ci �e "ft! ,� 1111 the Experiment Station and the Extension Service in discuss� jects that could be studied advantageously for this area. · reality, a group of progressive farmers in the area banded December 1961 the Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Association, an association which has been duly incorporated under the laws of the State of South Dakota • ' The bylaws indicate this is a non•profit corporation formed for the purpose of promoting research in Southeastern South Dakota. The organization is authorized to sell $25 memberships in this corporation and certificates of interest for the purpose of raising money to promote the work. Constant, dili­gent work by the members concluded in 1960 after sufficient funds were raised to purchase the Strubble farm. Memberships are still available to those desiring them. Appropriations by the 1961 Legislature to South Dakota State College started the wheels rolling at the new South East South Dakota Experiment Farm. Work started inlmediately, equipment was moved from the research farm at Menno, land layout, soil sampling and planting of crops followed in proper sequence. THE SCUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA EXPERIMENTAL FARM BOARD Officers Count)! Address ��ley Larsen, President Union Beresford John Walker, Vice President Turner Parker B�rnard Uthe, Secr-etary Lincoln Canton E.rcil Bcwles, Treasurer Lincoln Centerville Ch-,rles Ahrens Chas. Mix Wagner Ervin Clelland Clay Vermillion Carl Wright Clay Volin Leon Jorgenson Hutchinson Freeman Calvin Mettler Hutchinson Menno Eric Thormodsgaard Lincoln Hudson Lawrence Swanson Lincoln Canton Leonard Dailey Union Jefferson William DeJong Yankton Volin Jake F:re-ir,ks()n, Supel'ioUlndent. SESO Experiment Fann. This report was prepared by the staff members of South Dakota State College as indicated in each section. and assembled by Q. S. Kingsley, Agronomy Department. '" .... INTRODUCTION The purpose of this area of the farm is to provide facilities for research to obtain solutions of local problems in crop production and soil management. Experiments involving fertilizers, plant disease control, Crop management, soil fertility and crop variety testing have been started. The agronomic phases of experimentation at this new farm are located on the south quarter of land in areas most suited for experimental work. Two fertility experiments were put into full operation in 1961, plus preparatory work for others which needed a previous cropping to initiate proper sequence of either crop o;-- residue. Much caution is necessary in starting new experiments, and any misjudgement at this time is costly both in time lost and loss of land due to fertility treatment. Areas being utilized for plant breeding studies are located east of the farm buildings. This piece of land is separated into areas of approximately 4.2 acres each. A modified rotation is used here where oats is planted following the plant breeding program. Any surplus from these crops will be used in the cattle feeding programs in the future. 11l!l ��a" �.eci by thi:a p.ltllphi� from April l through October 31. A total of l.&-l in� JJ n.ln u l du:rlng "thi� period, and the most of it fell at i.nt..Brval= .m n moi-nu: s fWiJd.l.d 1:ty "tlie crops. The temperatures during July .u.d "'J.9\lEt \"r5U hi.q:fl ch.1.rlnt;- -the da�. but cooled sufficiently at night for pl�ft 5 to .at,hl\r-:n t.t. Small grain and corn responded well to these conditions, and the yields were gooc. Some disease was noticed in the small grain, but generally the grain wa. bright and the test weights were above average. Corn yields averaged about 80 bushel and the moisture per cent was close to 25 per cent in early October when it was harvested. Approximately 2-t - 3 acres are devoted each year to experimental work on corn. This involves the testing of single cross, three way cross and double cross hybrids. The work is directed toward the development of new adapted hybrids for the area. This work is being carried out by D. B. Shank and D. W. Beatty. NOTE: This is a progress report and therfore the results presented are not necessarily complete nor conclusive. Any interpretation given is strictly tentative because additional data resulting from continuation of these experiments may result in conclusions different than those of any one year. TABLE OF CONTENTS Brief History of SESD Experiment Farm Introduction Fertility and Cultural Practice Experiments Corn Yield Tests Sorghum and Soybean Testing Small Grain Variety Testing Grasses and Legumes Crop Diseases Page l 2 3 5 6 7 8 8 .. Objectives of Experiment FERTILITY AND aJLTURAL PRACTICE EXPERIMENTS Q. S. Kingsley Experiment #1 1. How much will fertilizer increase net profit? 2. Which rotation brings in the greatest net cash return? Table 1. Crop Income for 1961 SESD Experiment Farm. C'Gst of Costcf 3 -rotal Net Crop Bu/A. �ce (2) Valu! of _bu. Grain (.: ti 'oft Seed fertilizer Q:>st* Re� , 'l .* Corn 0-0-0 72.l 50-20-0 79.9 Oats 0-0-0 36.8 30-15-0 54.2 Soybeans0 .. 0-0 22.9 75# 18-46-0 29.2 Sorghum 0-0-0 69. 5 50-20-0 78.2 $ .87(1)$62.73 69.59 .62 22.82 33.62 2.28 52.21 66.58 .eo 55.60 62.56 $20.31 $2.55 $22.86 20.91 2.55 $8.05 31.51 7.44 2.80 10.24 8.38 2.80 5.10 11.18 14.26 3.45 17.71 14.98 3.45 4.60 23.03 14.74 1.20 15.94 15.51 1.20 8.05 24.76 {l) Number 2 corn at 15.5% moisture (2) December 15, 1961, Farmers Coop Elevator, Brookings, s. Dak. * Does not include cost of land use. $39.87 38.08 12.58 17.34 34.50 43.55 39.66 37.80 This experiment is &et up to operate as a rotation, but until the experiment has made one complete cycle it will be reported on yearly basi�. The cost of machine operation is based on average custom rates throughtout the state, which would include labor, fuel, breakd�wn and so on. It may be well to point out, do not reach a definite conclusion on one year•s data. The above table brings to light a few interesting things which a rota­tion whould help prove or disprove. Which crop should receive the fertilizer, and which should be used to take out the residual fertility? The data indi­cates fertilization of the oats and take out the residual with corn or sorghum. Experiment #2 Objective of Experiment 1. If drilling the fertilizer with the oats is better than broadcasting it? 2. What are the optimum fertilizer rates and ratios for corn and oats? 3. Study residual effect of corn fertilizer on oats and oats fertilizer on corn. '� le ,1 Table 2. Fertilizer Rates and Ratios on Corn. Fertility Rate 0-0-0 40-0-0 40-60-0 80-0-0 80-60-0 120-60-0 Bu/acre 64.l 76.5 81.6 01.1 77.6 86.0 Corn % Protein 8 .. 44 10.46 10.72 10.88 10.87 10.90 The leveling off of yields at 40-60-0 indicates a yearly application of lower amount are more economical. Yield increases above this rate do not off set the cost of the fertilizer. The oats to be planted on this land in 1962 will be used to pick up the residual fertility left by the corn crop. Table 3. Fertilizer Rates and Ratios on Oats. Fertilizer Broadcast Versus Fertilizer Drilled with Seed. fertility Rate Broadcast Drilled with Seed Bu/acre Bu/acre 0-0-0 29.6 20-0-0 33.2 44.0 20-�0 41.l 37.8 40-20-0 41.5 44.8 40-40-0 36.8 51.4 60-40-0 46.2 46.7 Differences between methods of fertilizer application are rather striking. The 20-20-0 broadcast application increased yields over the drilled application, but the other rates favor the drilling of fertilizer with the seed. This experiment is placed on a somewhat poorly drained soil, and that in con­junction with evidence of burned straw pile bottom will necessitate completion of the experiment before a definite analysis can be made. The amount of mois-­ture received was adequate > but Red Leaf infection occuring on the oats reduced yields considerably. This experiment rotates onto a new site each year. Table 4. Effect of Commercial Fertilizer on Yield of Oats, S.E. Research farm, 1961. F. E. Shubeck Pounds per acre of; 'il-e.iQ in. N P205 K20 Bu/acre 0 40 0 72.7 9 40 0 55.0 9 40 20 67.9 34 0 0 48.3 34 17 0 71.0 34 34 0 68.l 0 0 0 53.l 5 The fertilizers, Table 4, were applied in the following forms: nitrogen as i1111 a011lonium nitrate, P O  as treble superphosphate and Kn O as muriate of potash. 'IIP The fertilizer was �r�adcast in the spring after the teed bed was prepared. C.Orn preceded the oats experiment. A sizeable increase in oats yield was obtained over the check plots by the ,;ipp Lie.:it11.c.11 "OT 40 l.h. of P20a_ po:r .1�0. At this location on the farm, ni tro-9�� alono did fED't ineru��@ � yield. At another location on the farm, far­th•tr 7fjff!:ly f-:-am tha buildif'l9&i thl! ��nest increases in oats yields were due ti:il �a,nh1ri11c.:ians of m.�11 ru::t JW).'5�rus (see Table l}. (X)RN PERFORMAf\CE TRIAL - 1961 J. J. Bonnemann Performance trials measuring the potential of corrmercial hybrids and selected Experiment Station hybrids were conducted by Statewide Services in 1961. Varieties tested were those entered by the cooperating producers and checks produced by the Experiment Station. As this was the first year the trials were conducted on a fee basis and the farm has been relocated,comparisons from other years are not included. This trial was located in Area E, one of the thirteen crop adaptation areas of the state. These areas have been established on the basis of elevation,temp­erature, rainfall, soil type and other related factors. Twenty-two entries were tested at this location in 1961. The trial was planted May 19 and harvested October 25, 1961. Yields ranged from 90.0 to 65.3 bush­els per acre. Lodging was negligible for most varieties. Moisture in the ear corn averaged 25.2 per cent for all varieties. The range was from 2l.l up to 32.l per cent moisture. Table 5. 1961 O:>rn Performance Test, Area E, Centerville Variety Pioneer 345 S.D. Expt. 27 Pioneer 329 s.o. 622 Pioneer 362 Tristate 89 Pioneer 328 S.D. 604 Gu:rney•s ll8A Disco ll2A Pioneer 354 GreenAcres 004 lowealth AFll GreenAcres 446 0:irry C.68 GreenAcres 395 G\Jrney'sl07 O:irry C.62 Gurney' s ll8B lowealth AQ GreenAcres 002 GreenAcres 674 Average Yield differences A� Y1�a Ptiiformance Moisture at Lodging �a�� R�:;:inq --��a�r�v�es�t�%�����% � 90.0 2 22.1 89.8 l 21.6 88.0 6 25.9 87.3 9 25.4 87.2 3 22.1 86.5 4 23.5 86.4 12 27.0 86.2 5 23.3 85.6 7 22.1 84.7 8 21.8 84.5 11 24.2 83.6 13 27.2 83.5 10 21.1 82.6 16 29.2 e1.1 15 21.1 79.3 17 25.7 78.B 14 23.3 78.3 18 26.1 77.8 19 26.2 75.9 21 32.l 73.3 20 26.5 65.3 22 29.6 82.5 25.2 of less than 7.9 bushels per acre are not significant. 3 4 2 3 3 l l 5 2 3 1 l l 0 l 2 l l l l l 0 I Ill SORGHUM AND SOYBEAN VARIETY TEST!t«i c. J. Franzke Table 6. Height, Maturity and Yield of Commercial Sorghum Varieties. Variety S.D. 102 Reliance Norg hum S.D. 441 S.D. 451 R.S. 610 R.S. 608 R.S. �Ol Lindsey 722 Stickley Rl03 " R99 II Rl06 Pfister 3055 II 4305 DeKalb 50A u C44A II C45 II X49 " E56A Pioneer 9409 Northrup Kl25 II 3026 " 210 0 140 II 135 II 120 Frontier 400C 11 400B Height 40 46 45 52 51 52 49 63 47 52 62 49 59 50 60 47 43 46 51 45 48 43 54 53 59 49 53 48 Maturity Ripe II II " II ti II " It II II II ti II II 11 It II II II II It II Bu/A. 101.4 78.3 99.0 96.3 106.0 115.3 113.5 111.5 104.0 96.2 94.l 90.4 84.l 78.3 93.l 98.6 69.8 96.l 106.4 88.5 85.6 66.7 96.3 75.8 72.9 69.l 58.6 95.5 The effects of adequate moisture and moderage temperatures are evident in the yields this year. Top growth, being a factor in combining sorghum for grain, should be given much consideration, Many of these tall growing varieties do not lend themselves too well. A tall erop tends to bend away from the machine, and also put more material through the machine, increasing the load on the sieves. Table 7. Height, Maturity and Yield of Soybeans. Variety (Group 2) Adams Haro soy Hawkeye Lindarin Blackhawk Ford Hawkeye matured Sept. 23. Height 45 42 44 40 37 42 Maturity +3 -1 0 -2 -2 -1 Bu/A. 16.6 19.4 19.2 18.4 19.0 21.2 7 The soybean varieties used here, Table 7, are in Group 2, which are adapted to e the general area of highway #16 on the north to the state line on the south. Hawkeye is used as the guide crop, and all maturity ratings are expressed with reference to it. This soybean variety is fairly well adapted to the area, and anything with minus days, matures that many days before Hawkeye. Anything with plus days matures after Hawkeye does. SMALL GRAIN VARIETY TESTIN3 Table e. Small Grain Variety Testing. Maturity Test wt. Yield Bu/A. Rank Spring Wheat Selkirk M 52.5 15.1 Pembina M 53.0 17.4 6 Can thatch M 54.0 13.5 9 Thatcher E 53.0 13.9 8 Rushmore E 55.5 18.3 5 Lee E 54.5 21.3 3 Willet 55.0 21.a 2 RH 1935 E 56.5 20.2 4 Minn. 404 M 55.0 22.0 l Durum wheat LD 408 56.5 26.2 1 Langdon M 59.0 21.9 3 e Ramsey M 60.0 14.7 5 Wells E 58.5 23.9 2 Lakota E 57.0 19.0 4 Oats Andrew E 34.0 65.5 l Marion M 30.0 60.5 2 Nehawka E 33.0 58.l 3 Mo-0-205 M 34,0 56.5 4 Minhafer E 34.0 56.2 5 Garry L 33.0 55.2 6 Portage L 38.0 54.0 8 Minton ML 31.0 48.6 10 Ransom E 34.0 46.8 11 Burnett ML 34.0 45.5 12 Nodaway M 40.0 45.l 13 Cherokee E 34.0 44.4 14 Goodfield E 36.0 43.8 15 Waubay M 33.0 40.2 17 Tonka E 41.0 38.l 18 Clint land 60 ME 32.0 37.8 19 Newton E 38.5 54.2 7 Dodge ML 36.0 43.3 16 CI 7473 L 38.0 52.7 9 Barley Betzes L 45.0 23.0 5 ti Erie L 46.0 21.5 6 Liberty M 47.0 35.5 l otis ML 48.0 23.l 4 Plains E 47.0 34.8 2 Spartan ML 46.5 24.4 3 Dekap ML 45.5 13.9 7 .. Crop Spring wheat Durum wheat Oats Barley Planting Date April 20 April 20 April 20 April 21 Harvestinq Date July 29 July 29 July 25 July 25 SMAU. GRAIN VARIETY TES!It«J D. D. Harpstead, P. B. Price, v. A. Dirks 8 Maturitv E;::Early �Medium ME::Medium Early ML=Medium Late L=Late The past crop season was favorable for the production of good small grairt yields. Some disease effected the crops especially the virus disease which causes Red Leaf on oats and Yellow Dwarf on barley. Clintland 60 was severely infected with Red Leaf this year and the yields were lowered. The more resis· tant lines yielded well and produced straw of top quality. None of the bar� ley varieties were resistant to the Yellow Dwarf virus. Pembina, a new variety of wheat, can be grown in areas where Selkirk is now gro'AITl. It has about the same characteristics as Selkirk. Some rust was ,noticed on the spring wheat and durum wheat, but the severity did not reduce yields appreciably. Ii wint g..--a� plant . .rn9 waa: ffhld ur.in the more convnon varieties of winter v.t111.tt, bllr!ey nd �y .. The. ph� 1s accomplished using a deep furrow drill ,'i th Ii>WS an 12 .. inch �pd ting. The fa 11 emergence occured ear 1 y enough bo b'f;c.ablii.h od :oat ana top gmwtn. GRASS AND LEGUME TESTltlj M. D. Rumbaugh is supervising an alfalfa isolation for seed increase to permit further testing of the clonal cross H2·5 by Minnesota 247. This particular cross proved to be superior in a 64 entry test at Brookings. The two parental clones are outstanding with respect to winter hardiness and foliage disease resistance. A gras-s t� �� pll11L.a! htE Sl.lllrier e,onsisting of six varieties of Inter· dL1u., wbeatgi-�6..5-, �"n varleti � of b.r:,megrass, four varieties of tall l'.:.lto t:g.r 1,1 two v.a.t-1 t.1.J!,s o Rubs�n wildrye and two single varieties for obtU>rtrat1on.tl PJ1'1l(t5es. !his r.k- s �ing conducted by J. G. Ross. CROP DISEASE CONI'ROL Sugar Beets K. D. Fisher Plant Pathology Department Inve6'tl.gbt1on �n ..ontl'ol of li\Jgar bi!e diseases were initiated at the SoL•Ui:!tli•t So-at.h [iill<otli E�pe.:rim nt f,n;m ln 1961. While facilities for irri­gqt.1',n wtr no iN .Lanl , Qtl,er r.ail l!Tld climatic conditions were similar to thg 61.lga..r bei]t pr;:idur.I.ng arE s n ��ut�eastern South Dakota. ,.illll Seed treatment trials with five fungicides were carried out. Fungicides � included were Thiram (75%), Captan (75%), Ceresan M, Dichlone (50%) and Captan (60%) + Dieldrin (15%). Applications were made at reco1111Jended rates. Three weeks after planting no significant differences in stands were obtained .. between treated plots and the untreated cheek plots. Subsequent disease development in all plots was limited. While crown rot appear� J� many fields in the Hurley area at harvest. this disease was not observea tn the trials. VEGETABLES K. D. Fisher (Plant Pathology) and P. Prashar (Horticulture) Vegetable crops were grown at the Southeastern Research Farm in 1961 to deter� min th e £ a tllri..Li ,y of u'ti.Li.::.ing 1.hit. s-�on tor m:r� 11,c len�! 'I/ff work Llid.th Vli.DiDus Ye.9 tl:11111: UO?,!i. i.ia:ntaloupe- 1 ""1Uli floi\'el', 1 Lal� bean 1 pnppitt • pot:,9rtt1, qquc1.s.:t:!I s:-.va�t cOJ:cQ,. �nd t!llranto,i!':i � groliY'l In �e.,u:f:emd pl."t,:f., Further work on several aspects of production of horticultural crops in south­e,stern South Dakota is planned for 1962 • 

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1961

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Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 1961

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