2008 turned out to be an excellent year for winter wheat production in most of South Dakota. Though conditions were very dry for planting last fall, most of the central and eastern part of the state had good rains in Oct. to get the wheat off to a good start. There were areas in the west central and northwest part of the state that did not get rain in the fall, and in those areas the wheat did not make it through the winter. From May on through the summer most of the state had plentiful rainfall and cool conditions, which led to excellent wheat yields — with reports of some fields exceeding 100 bushels per acre. The main problems in 2008 were tan spot early in the season, rust that came in later in the season in the central part of the state, and the difficultly getting the crop harvested with the rainy humid conditions in July and early Aug

Hall, R. G.

Kalsbeck, Steve

Nleya, Thandiwe

Rickertsen, John

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeExtension Extra SDSU Extension8-1-20082008 Winter Wheat Variety Yield Results andPlanting TipsJohn RickertsenSouth Dakota State UniversityThandiwe NleyaSouth Dakota State UniversitySteve KalsbeckSouth Dakota State UniversityR. G. HallSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_extraThis Other is brought to you for free and open access by the SDSU Extension at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Extension Extra by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: OpenPublic Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationRickertsen, John; Nleya, Thandiwe; Kalsbeck, Steve; and Hall, R. G., "2008 Winter Wheat Variety Yield Results and Planting Tips"(2008). Extension Extra. Paper 338.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_extra/3381ExEx 8136Revised August 2008Plant Science2008 Winter Wheat Variety Yield Results and Planting Tips2008 turned out to be an excellent year for winter wheat production in most of South Dakota. Though conditions were very dry for planting last fall, most of the central and eastern part of the state had good rains in Oct. to get the wheat off to a good start. There were areas in the west cen-tral and northwest part of the state that did not get rain in the fall, and in those areas the wheat did not make it through the winter. From May on through the summer most of the state had plentiful rainfall and cool conditions, which led to excel-lent wheat yields — with reports of some fields exceeding 100 bushels per acre. The main problems in 2008 were tan spot early in the season, rust that came in later in the season in the central part of the state, and the difficultly getting the crop harvested with the rainy humid conditions in July and early Aug.Yields from the Crop Performance Testing Program averaged 71 bu/A statewide, with all locations making it to harvest. • The top-performing varieties East River in 2008 were Smoky Hill, Overland, NuDakota, Wendy, Expedition, and Fuller. • The top-performing varieties West River in 2008 were Overland, NuDakota, Smoky Hill, Wendy, Expedition, and Hawken. • The varieties with the best three-year statewide average yields were Overland, NuDakota, Wendy, Expedition, Wesley, and Arapahoe. Tables 1, 2, and 3 give the characteristics and performance of winter wheat varieties tested in South Dakota. Use them to select a variety with the agronomic characteristics suit-able for your area and production system. When considering yield, look for varieties that have performed well at locations near your farm over the past three years. The intensive man-aged sites (IMS) at Brookings and Winner had fungicides applied to them, whereas the regular CPTs at those locations did not. Brookings had 4 oz/acre of Folicur applied at head-ing. At Winner, 5 oz/acre (half rate) of Stratego plus 1 gal/acre 6-16-6 was applied with the herbicide in the spring.    Crop adaptation areas for South Dakota (revised 1992)John Rickertsen, research associate, SDSU West River Ag Center, Rapid CityThandiwe Nleya, Extension agronomist, SDSU West River Ag Center, Rapid CitySteve Kalsbeck, research associate, SDSU winter wheat breeding program, BrookingsR.G. Hall, Extension agronomist, crop performance testing, BrookingsRecommended:Variety Crop Adaptation AreaAlice (white)PVP 1pc, 4pc, 5, 6, 7pcExpeditionPVP 1pc, 4pc, 5, 6, 7pcHardingPVP 1pc, 2pc, 4, 7MilleniumPVP 1pc, 4pc, 5, 6, 7pcOverlandPVP                       1pc, 3, 4pc,5, 6, 7pcNuDakota (white)PVP 5, 6, 7pcWendy (white)PVP 5, 6, 7pcWesley 5, 6, 7pcAcceptable/PromisingVariety Crop Adaptation AreaArapahoePVP 1pc, 3, 4pc, 5, 6, 7pcDarrellPVP 1pc, 4pc, 5, 6, 7pcHatcherPVP 5, 6, 7pcHawkenPVP 3, 4pc, 5, 6Recommended Varieties for 2009PVP U.S. Plant Variety Protection applied for and/or issued; seed sales of these varieties are restricted to classes of certified seed.pc Plant into protective cover.South Dakota State University / College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences / USDA2Winter Wheat Production TipsWinter wheat planting season is around the corner. Here are some tips that will set the crop for success in 2009:1. Choose a variety with good agronomic characteristics that is both recommended for your area and, on average, performed well in locations near your farm in the last few years. 2. Direct seed into standing stubble. The standing stubble traps snow and the trapped snow insulates wheat seed-lings against cold temperatures, reducing risk of win-terkill. Seeding winter wheat into broadleaf crops stubble is recommended to reduce the risk of insect, disease, and weed problems in the rotation. Seeding into wheat stub-ble should be avoided as this can increase the risk of dis-ease carryover to the following season. If planting winter wheat into a fallow field, it is important to minimize the number of tillage operations just before planting. Plow-ing and other deep-tillage operations can reduce seedbed firmness, dry the topsoil, and bury protective residues in-creasing the risk of winter kill.3. Control weeds now. Controlling grassy weeds and volun-teer wheat crop two weeks prior to planting winter wheat will provide a break in the life cycle of wheat curl mite and help to control wheat streak mosaic and other dis-eases. 4. Plant on time. In South Dakota the recommended time to plant winter wheat is Sept. 15 through Oct. 10. Wheat plants should be well established before freezing to at-tain maximum cold tolerance and to accumulate enough energy reserves for the following spring. Planting wheat too early may produce excessive fall growth, reducing Table 1. Hard winter wheat yield results - West River Locations, 2006 – 2008 (bu/A)Variety (Hdg.)* - by 3-yr then 2008 state yield avg.Location Yield Avg. (Bu/a at 13% moist.) West Yield Avg. (bu/a)State Yield Avg. (bu/a)Wall Kennebec Hayes Winner Winner-IMSSturgis Martin2008 3-Yr 2008 2008 2008 3-Yr 2008 2008 2008 3-Yr 2008 3-Yr 2008 3-YrOverland (4) 85+ 61+ 91+ 78 75+ 57+ 84+ 45+ 59 47+ 74 55 78 60NuDakota~W (3) 78 62+ 84 75 83+ 58+ 84+ 38+ 58 47+ 71 56 77 60Wendy~W (-) 84+ 64+ 79 83+ 68 52+ 81+ 30 60 48+ 69 55 75 58Expedition (0) 80+ 61+ 77 81+ 70 51+ 76+ 40+ 68+ 48+ 70 53 75 57Wesley (2) 79+ 61+ 76 77 65 49 82+ 39+ 64+ 52+ 69 54 72 57Arapahoe (3) 71 56 86 73 61 50+ 68 28 61 49+ 64 52 68 57Millennium (4) 76 56 89 77 68 52+ 71 40+ 63 47+ 69 52 72 56Alice~W (-) 77 60+ 77 74 71 52+ 78+ 40+ 63 48+ 69 53 72 56Hatcher (2) 65 56 73 71 72 49 77+ 45+ 71+ 52+ 68 52 70 56Wahoo (3) 75 58+ 82 75 58 47 58 39+ 69+ 50+ 65 52 67 56Darrell (5) 73 55 81 79+ 67 47 73 41+ 68+ 49+ 69 50 72 55Harding (5) 67 52 86 71 61 49 60 34 59 44 63 48 66 53Tandem (4) 68 55 82 82+ 56 46 66 37+ 62 46 65 49 65 52Jerry (5) 62 49 76 66 56 42 69 33 55 43 60 45 62 50Jagalene (3) 77 58+ 62 70 57 42 82+ 38+ 54 39 63 46 67 49Smoky Hill (4) 81+ . 84 85+ 69 . 84+ 41+ 58 . 72 . 78 .Hawken (3) 79+ . 78 73 79+ . 83 34 63 . 70 . 73 .InfinityCL (3) 72 . 82 78 75+ . 70 33 69+ . 68 . 72 .RonL (2) 71 . 79 75 73 . 81 37+ 60 . 68 . 72 .Fuller (2) 78 . 75 76 77+ . 70 38+ 62 . 68 . 72 .Settler CL (3) 75 . 74 79+ 70 . 74 33 67+ . 67 . 68 .Test avg. : 74 57 81 76 69 50 74 37 63 47 68 52 71 56High avg. : 85 64 95 85 83 58 86 45 71 52 74 56 78 60Low avg. : 62 49 62 66 56 42 58 28 54 39 63 45 62 49# LSD (0.05): 7 7 6 7 9 9 11 9 8 6     ## TPG-value : 79 58 90 79 75 50 76 36 64 47     ### C.V. : 6 10 5 6 10 10 11 14 8 9     * Heading, the relative difference in days to heading, compared to Expedition.# If the difference between two varieties within a column equals or exceeds the LSD value, the difference is significant; if not, the difference is   nonsignificant (NS) at the 0.05 level of probability.## Minimum value required for variety to qualify for the top performance group (TPG).+ Indicates values within a column that qualify for the TPG.###A measure of experimental error, 15% or less is best for yield.3amounts of soil moisture and nutrients. Early planted wheat may act as a host for leaf curl mites that trans-mit wheat streak mosaic virus and also increase the risk of root and crown rot diseases. Research from western South Dakota has shown that grain yield is decreased and that the crop suffers substantial winter injury when plant-ing is later than Oct. 15. 5. Don’t plant too deep or too shallow. Plant winter wheat at a depth of 1.5 to 2 inches in a firm seedbed. Planting deeper than 2 inches reduces emergence and can result in weak spindly seedlings with a poor ability to survive the winter. For those direct seeding, a uniform depth of 1 to 1.5 inches under optimum moisture conditions will give a good stand. If it is necessary to plant deeper to get to moisture, growers should choose a variety with a longer coleoptile (table 3). Make sure there is good soil-to-seed contact, especially under drier conditions. If soil cover over the seed is poor there is risk of exposing the crown and adversely affecting winter survival.6. Plant the right amount of seed. The recommended seeding rates are 22 pure live seeds per square foot (approximate-ly 960,000 seeds/acre). If you have a poor seedbed or are planting later than the recommended dates, increase seeding rate to 28 pure live seeds per square foot. How-ever, properly managed winter wheat has a tremendous ability to tiller and can compensate for thin stands. 7. Test soils and apply fertilizer based on soil test results and yield expectations. Research has shown that phosphorus helps winter survival by stimulating root growth and til-lering in the fall. Therefore, if soil test results indicate low phosphorus, application of the required rate is rec-ommended.Table 2. Hard winter wheat yield results - East River Locations, 2006 – 2008 (bu/A)Variety (Hdg.)* - by 3-yr then 2008 state yield avg.Location Yield Avg. (Bu/a at 13% moist.) East Yield Avg. (bu/a)State Yield Avg. (bu/a)Brookings Brookings-IMSSouth ShoreSelby Onida Pierre Platte2008 3-Yr 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 3-Yr 2008 3-YrOverland (4) 79 74+ 90+ 65 84+ 85+ 57+ 85+ 77 . 78 60NuDakota~W (3) 91+ 73+ 95+ 44 83+ 79+ 55+ 88+ 75 . 77 60Wendy~W (-) 83 69+ 89 56 84+ 81+ 42 81+ 73 . 75 58Expedition (0) 80 69+ 96+ 60 76 81+ 45 85+ 73 . 75 57Wesley (2) 77 66+ 92+ 57 73 80+ 49 71 71 . 72 57Arapahoe (3) 75 71+ 72 53 74 73 44 67 65 . 68 57Millennium (4) 74 69+ 78 60 78 76 49 77 69 . 72 56Alice~W (-) 79 62 88 63 71 79+ 48 69 71 . 72 56Hatcher (2) 81 66+ 87 50 75 66 48 73 68 . 70 56Wahoo (3) 78 67+ 79 53 67 69 45 66 65 . 67 56Darrell (5) 84 67+ 90+ 54 76 74 49 72 71 . 72 55Harding (5) 75 65+ 73 52 71 69 52 64 65 . 66 53Tandem (4) 70 60 75 51 70 69 36 63 62 . 65 52Jerry (5) 68 65+ 70 48 74 65 28 66 59 . 62 50Jagalene (3) 70 55 82 43 65 80+ 60+ 72 67 . 67 49Smoky Hill (4) 94+ . 97+ 58 78 80+ 58+ 84+ 78 . 78 .Hawken (3) 88 . 89 62 73 71 37 72 70 . 73 .InfinityCL (3) 82 . 85 55 78 71 47 71 70 . 72 .RonL (2) 74 . 89 59 72 75 53 70 70 . 72 .Fuller (2) 84 . 92+ 49 77 79+ 51 69 72 . 72 .Settler CL (3) 75 . 87 41 61 70 37 66 62 . 68 .Test avg. : 81 67 86 53 75 75 46 74 69 . 71 56High avg. : 97 74 97 65 84 86 60 88 78 . 78 60Low avg. : 68 55 70 36 61 65 25 63 59 . 62 49# LSD (0.05): 7 65 8 - 6 9 8 9     ## TPG-value : 91 10 90 - 79 78 53 80     ### C.V. : 6 8 6 21 6 9 12 9     * Heading, the relative difference in days to heading, compared to Expedition.# If the difference between two varieties within a column equals or exceeds the LSD value, the difference is significant; if not, the difference is   nonsignificant (NS) at the 0.05 level of probability.## Minimum value required for variety to qualify for the top performance group (TPG).+ Indicates values within a column that qualify for the TPG.### A measure of experimental error, 15% or less is best for yield.4South Dakota State University, South Dakota counties, and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. South Dakota State University  is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer and offers all benefits, services, education, and employment opportunities without regard for race, color, creed, religion, national origin, ancestry, citizenship, age, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam Era  veteran status.EXEX8136, August 2008. Access at http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/articles/ExEx8136-08.pdf.Table 3. Origin, variety traits, and disease reactions for winter wheat entries for 2008Variety (Hdg.)* Lodging Resis.#End-UseQlty#WinterHardyRtg#Cole-optilePct##WheatSteakMosaic+Tan-    spot+Rust PVP**Stripe+ Leaf+ Stem+Alice~W -1 G EB G 78 MR MS - 4 MR Pdg***Wendy~W -1 E GN E 67 MS R MR 6 MR YesExpedition 0 F GB G-E 88 S MS MS 7 R YesFuller 2 F-G AB G  MS MR - 2 MR PdgHatcher 2 G GB F-G 89 S - MS 6 MR YesRonL 2 G-E GB G  MR _ R 9 MR YesWesley 2 E GB G-E 79 S MR MR 4 R NoArapahoe 3 F GB G-E 83 S S MS 2 MR YesHawken 3 E AB G - MS MR MR 3 MR YesInfinityCL 3 G AB G  S - MR 3 MR YesJagalene 3 E AB G 92 MS MR MR 9 MR YesNuDakota~W 3 E AB G-E - MR - MR 4 MR YesWahoo 3 G AB G 91 S - MR 5 R YesSettlerCL 3 G AB G - S - MS 4 MR YesMillennium 4 G AB F-G 78 S MS MR 2 MR YesOverland 4 G AB E 89 - - R 1 R YesSmoky Hill 4 G EB G  MS MR MR 1 R YesTandem 4 F-G EB G 12 S S MR 7 MR YesDarrell 5 G EB G 89 MR MS - 6 R YesHarding 5 F-G AB E 0 MR MR MS 2 MR YesJerry 5 F GB E 92 MS - MR 3 R No* Heading, the relative difference in days to heading, compared to Expedition.~ W, Hard white wheat variety.# E= exc., A= accept., F= fair, G= good, P= poor, B= baking, N=noodles.##Percent of Harding (3-1/4” long).+ R= resistant, MR= moderately resist., MS= mod. susceptible, S= susc., VS= very susc.** Plant variety protection (PVP), title V certification option- sold by variety name only as a class of certified seed.  *** PVP application pending.

2008 Winter Wheat Variety Yield Results and Planting Tips

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2008 Winter Wheat Variety Yield Results and Planting Tips

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