Crossbred yearling steers were used to determine the relative efficacy of specific anabolic implant combinations and sequences on feedlot performance and carcass traits. Steers were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 112 days. lmplanting was done on days 1 and 42 of the feeding period. lmplanting improved (P \u3c .05) average daily gain (ADG) 22% and feed efficiency 15%. Implant treatment generally increased dry matter intake. Lmplanting increased (P\u3c.05) the rib eye area of carcasses 6.5% and tended to cause a reduction in percentage choice carcasses. The percentage of abscessed implants ranged from \u3c 1 % to 10%, depending on the type of implant used even though implant needles were disinfected between each use

Gee, D. H.

Pritchard, R. H.

Robbins, M. A.

English

Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange

South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Beef Report, 1992 Animal Science Reports1992Implant Combinations and ReimplantingStrategies for Yearling Steers Fed High ConcentrateDietsR. H. PritchardSouth Dakota State UniversityM. A. RobbinsSouth Dakota State UniversityD. H. GeeSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_1992Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Beef Report, 1992 by an authorized administrator of OpenPRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contactmichael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationPritchard, R. H.; Robbins, M. A.; and Gee, D. H., "Implant Combinations and Reimplanting Strategies for Yearling Steers Fed HighConcentrate Diets" (1992). South Dakota Beef Report, 1992. Paper 8.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_1992/8IMPLANT COMBINATIONS AND REIMPLANTING STRATEGIES FOR YEARLING STEERS FED HIGH CONCENTRATE DIETS R.H. ~ri tchard,~ M.A. ~ o b b i n s , ~  and D.H. ~ e e ~  Department of Animal and Range Sciences CAlTLE 92-7 Summary Crossbred yearling steers were used to determine the relative efficacy of specific anabolic implant combinations and sequences on feedlot performance and carcass traits. Steers were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 112 days. lmplanting was done on days 1 and 42 of the feeding period. lmplanting improved (P < .05) average daily gain (ADG) 22% and feed efficiency 15%. Implant treatment generally increased dry matter intake. lmplanting increased (P<.05) the rib eye area of carcasses 6.5% and tended to cause a reduction in percentage choice carcasses. The percentage of abscessed implants ranged from < 1 % to lo%, depending on the type of implant used even though implant needles were disinfected between each use. (Key Words: Implants, Steers, Feedlot.) Introduction The additive effects of trenbolone acetate and estradiol based implants have created many options for implanting feedlot cattle. The combination, sequences, and timing of implant use that produce optimum results are unclear. The implant strategies that will maximize performance will significantly reduce quality grades of beef carcasses. Carcass quality grade is highest in nonimplanted cattle, but production efficiencies are low. We know that reimplant programs improve gains over a 120-day feeding period. There is also substantial evidence that implanting within 60 days of slaughter lowers quality grades. As a compromise between these two concerns, it may be beneficial to reimplant 120-day cattle after 40 days on feed. The general classes of implants available to use in these situations are estradiol, zeralonone and trenbolone acetate. This study was designed to determine whether specific implant combinations and sequences of use would be more suitable as an optimum program in yearling steers. Materials and Methods Crossbred yearling steers (262 head) were assembled during late April and May of 1991. As groups of steers arrived, they were ear tagged and treated for parasites with ~evamisole~ and X P A R ~  according to label directions. The receiving diet was 50% wheat straw and 50% ground hay. A pelleted protein supplement (44% crude protein) containing 9,900 IU vitamin A per pound was fed at a rate of 1 Ib per head per day. Initial weights were taken on two consecutive days. Intake was restricted to 10 Ib of receiving diet, and water was withheld after 5 p.m. the day before each initial weight determination. Allotment to pen and treatment was based on the first weight taken such that breed type and weight were balanced across 30 pens of 8 head each. Implants were administered when the second initial weight was measured. '~ssociate Professor. 2~ormer Manager, Beef Cattle and Sheep Nutritio~ '~rofessor. 4 1 ~ ~ ,  Pitman-Moore, Mundelein, IL. I Unit. An abrupt switch to the finishing diet Fable 1) occurred on the day of the second initial weight determination. During the first week, dry matter intake Table 1. Finishing diets Treat- ment Dav 0 Dav 42 Item percentagea Hay Whole shelled cornb High moisture corn Liquid supplementC Soybean meal, 44%d Calcium carbonate Potassium chloride a Percentage dry matter basis. Decreased to 40.340% after 77 days. Contained the following (DMB) DM 70%, CP 28.5%, Ca 10.1%, P 1.0%, K 4.4%, NaCl 11.15%, vitamin A 51,865 IU/lb, vitamin D 12,965 IUIlb, vitamin E 27 IU/lb, and monensin 730 grT. Increased to 4.28% after 77 days. was started at 14.4 pounds per head per day which is slightly above maintenance. Intake was increased every third day until cattle were fed to appetite. Appetite was established based on morning bunk conditions. Steers were fed once daily starting at 7 a.m. except on weigh days, when feeding started at 9 a.m. 1 0 0 2  nove vex^^ SynovexS + ~ ina~1 ix -S~ 3 36 mg 13algro4 SynovexS + Finaplix-S 4 36 mg Ralgro 26 mg Rdgn, + F-S 5 36 mg Ralgro 72 mg Wgm + FmphS 6 72 mg Ralgro 72 mg FkQm + FhaphS Implant integrity was determined 28 days after each implanting. Exudative implant sites were exposed and swabbed for microbial culture. Culture work was done by Dr. D. W. Miskimmins of the SDSU Animal D'kease and Diagnostic Laboratory. Implant sites were scored as 0 = no reaction, 1 = some firm swelling, 2 = warm, swollen, soft, 3 = draining abscess, and 4 = scarring or other evidence of previous drainage. Feed deliveries were monitored daily. Diet ingredients were subjected to chemical analysis weekly. The crude protein content of corn and hay declined during the course of the study. To raise dietary crude protein, soybean meal (1%) was substituted for an equal amount of dietary dry whole shelled corn. Diet composition prior to and after 78 days is shown in Table 2. Implant treatments each applied to five pens (40 head) included the following: Table 2. Diet analvsisa Item Days 1 to 77 Days 78 to 112 -- - Dry matter, % Crude protein, % 11.5 f .19 11.6 f .08 NDF, % 14.8 f .08 15.5 f .05 ADF, % 6.6 2 .09 7.1 f .07 Ash, % 3.4 f .09 3.2 + .07 a All values except dry matter on DM basis. Syntex Corporation, Des Moines, IA. Hoechst Roussel, Somerville, NJ. Steers were weighed in the morning after 28, 42, 98, 11 1, and 1 12 days on feed. Water was withheld for 12 hours prior to weighing on day 42. Intake was restricted to 50% of ad libitum and water was withheld for 12 hours the day prior to the 11 1 - and 112-day weights. These weights (days 11 1 and 112) were used as final weights. After the day 112 weights, steers were fed similarly to the previous 2 days. After feed was cleaned up, steers were shipped 70 miles to IBP, Luverne, MN, where they stood overnight with access to water. Overall transit shrink was 2.6% of final weights and was used to calculate cumulative performance data. Steers were slaughtered the next morning after shipment. Hot carcass weight was recorded. Twenty-four hours after slaughter, carcasses were available for grading. Rib eye area and rib fat were measured. The federal grader on duty estimated percent kidney, pelvic and heart fat and identified marbling to the nearest one-third marbling score. One grader made all subjective estimates. Carcasses were presented to the grader in a completely random sequence. The data were statistically evaluated using procedures for a completely random design. Mean separations were accomplished using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test as an option in the GLM procedure of SAS. Percentage choice data were tested by Chi square analysis. No specific treatment contrasts for percentage choice were made. One individual was identified as a heifer and removed form the study on day 2. Two carcasses were missed during measurements of rib fat thickness and rib eye area. The experimental units for feedlot performance and carcass data were pen means and individual carcasses, respectively. Results and Discussion --The original intent was to evaluate implant combinations and reimplant programs for steers requiring 120 days on feed. The excellent steer performance caused us to reduce time on feed to 112 days. Implanting increased (P<.001) cumulative ADG over controls by 22% (Table 3). Among groups receiving implants, the variation in cumulative ADG was only 5% from lowest to highest mean value. No differences in ADG were detected. Some treatment differences in steer performance occurred that cannot be explained. These differences occurred between treatments 3, 4, and 5 which all received the same implant treatment during the initial 42-day feeding period. Through 42 days, steers in treatment 5 had lower ADG than steers in treatments 3 and 4, although they were treated similarly. Gain during the following 70 days was similar among all implanted groups. Reviewing individual steer performance, there were no obvious problems to explain this response. Steers on treatment 4 tended to consume more feed than steers on treatments 3 and 5 in each phase of the study. Carcass weights and fat thicknesses were appropriate for today's market standards (Table 4). Implanting increased (P<.001) carcass weight. Fat thickness differed (P<.05) among treatments, but no relationship to implants used could be identified. Rib eye area increased (P<.001) with implanting as would be expected. Marbling scores were lower (P<.05) for treatment 5 which was the group that tended to have lower ADG. The 62.5% choice for control cattle is typical for the mixed, colored steers used in this study. Chi square analysis indicated no differences in percentage choice due to implanting, but all implanted groups had numerically fewer choice cattle than the controls. There was an 70-day time span from last implanting to slaughter and still a 10 point decline in percentage choice carcasses in implanted treatments was observed. This reduction in percentage choice has been consistent across our studies in recent years. The incidence of abnormal implant sites is noted in Table 5. These data should be reviewed with the knowledge that implant needles were disinfected between each use. Chi square analysis indicates that there were treatment effects at day 28 (P<.10) and day 70 (P<.05), although the high frequency of zero observations may make the test invalid. There was a 10% abscess rate for FinaplixS and 5% for 72 mg Ralgro implants. Synovex and 36 mg Ralgro abscess problems were nominal. Cultures were obtainable from Synovex and Finaplix implant sites. Actinomyces pyrogenes was the most commonty identified organism in these sites (Table 6). Table 3. Feedlot performance responses to implant treatments Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 Day 0 implant Control SYN 36 mg 36 mg 36 mg 72 mg Day 42 implant Control SYNIFIN SYNIFIN 36lFIN 721FIN 7WFIN SEM Initial weight 742 74 1 744 744 745 74 1 2.1 Day 1 to 42 Weight (day 42) 901" 9 0 4 ~ ~  9 1 7 ~ ~  924b 898a 90gab 6.1 ADG 3.80ab 3.88abc 4.1 3bC 4.27' 3.65a 4.01abc .I38 DM1 1 8.75ab 1 8.24a 1 8.90ab 1 9.55b 1 8.25a 1 8.72ab 23-40 FIG 4.94ab 4.73ab 4.5ga 4.58a 5.04~ 4.68ab .I16 Day 43 to 112 Weight (day 112) 1106~ 1181b 1193~  1192~  1 1 7 2 ~  1185~  9.6 ADG 2.56a 3,46b 3.wb 3.35b 3.42b 3.45b ,120 DM1 21.24~ 22.3gb ~ . 4 8 ~ '  23.44' ~ . 5 6 ~ '  ~ . 5 2 ~ '  .309 FIG 8.33a 6.4gb 6.56b 7.00~ 6 . a b  6.56b .210 Day 1 to 112 weighta 1077~ 1151b 1162~  1161b 1141b 1154~  9.4 ADG 3.00~ 3.6!jb 3.73b 3.72b 3 S b  3.6gb .086 DM1 22.20~ 23.14~ 24.07' 22.96ab 23.1 1 ,259 FIG 7.42a 6.27b 6 .zb  6.47b 6.4gb 6.27b .I34 a Based on 2.6% final weight shrink. b9c Means without common superscripts differ (P<.05). Table 4. Effect of implant treatment on carcass traits Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEM Carcass wt, Ib 672 71 5' 727' 724' 71 3' 719' 7.69 Dressing percent 62.5 62.2 62.6 62.4 62.5 62.3 .214 Rib fat, in. .46bc .abc .40b .45bc .40b .48' .022 Rib eye area, in.2 11.84~ 12.54' 12.87' 12.45' 12.87' 12.33~' .I78 KPH 1.80 1.65 1.63 1.68 1.63 1.71 ,070 Yield grade 2.77b 2.61 bc 2.46' 2.74b 2.42' 2.82b .091 Marbling scorea 4.75' 4.50~' 4MbC 4.56bC 4.35b 4.50~' .I09 Choice. % 62.5 47.5 50.0 52.5 45.0 53.9 a 4.00 = slighto, 5.00 = smallo. blc Means without common superscripts differ (P<.05). Increased to 4.28% after 77 days. Table 5. Implant score frequencies by type of implanta Score 35 mg Ralgro 72 mg Ralgro SynovexS FinaplixS Day 28 0 119 36 38 - 1 2 3 4 Day 70 0 1 2 3 4 a One steer in treatment 5, 72 mg + Finaplix, was diagnosed as unimplanted at day 70. Table 6. Microbial cultures of infected implant sites Calf Implant Organism 557 FinaplixS Actinomyces pyrogenes 442 FinaplixS Actinomyces pyrogenes 662 FinaplixS a hemolytic streptococci 570 SynovexS Actinomyces pyrogenes 579 Synovex-S Actinomyces pyrogenes 540 SynovexS Staphylococcus aureus No definitive differences between implant reduce marbling in beef carcasses and that response combinations and reimplanting strategies were evident appears in this data set. Larger data sets will be from these data. Each implant treatment used lowered necessary to determine if specific implant strategies will production costs compared to feeding nonimplanted have a lesser negative effect on carcass quality than cattle. We have known for many years that implants other strategies. 

Implant Combinations and Reimplanting Strategies for Yearling Steers Fed High Concentrate Diets

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&amp;context=sd_beefreport_1992

Implant Combinations and Reimplanting Strategies for Yearling Steers Fed High Concentrate Diets

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