Urea, corn gluten meal and soybean meal were compared as supplemental crude protein sources for growing steers fed limited amounts of a high energy diet. Interactions between level of urea and natural protein source were not significant, indicating that source of natural protein did not influence urea utilization. Level of urea and source of natural protein did not affect average daily gain. These data indicate that up to 1% of diet dry matter as urea can be effectively utilized by limit-fed cattle

Mader, T.L.

Wagner, J.J.

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeSouth Dakota Beef Report, 1987 Animal Science Reports1987Urea, Corn Gluten Meal or Soybean Meal asSupplemental Crude Protein Sources for FeedlotSteers Limit-Fed High Energy Growing DietsJ.J. WagnerSouth Dakota State UniversityT.L. MaderSouth Dakota State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_1987Part of the Animal Sciences CommonsThis Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Animal Science Reports at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in South Dakota Beef Report, 1987 by an authorized administrator of OpenPRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contactmichael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationWagner, J.J. and Mader, T.L., "Urea, Corn Gluten Meal or Soybean Meal as Supplemental Crude Protein Sources for Feedlot SteersLimit-Fed High Energy Growing Diets" (1987). South Dakota Beef Report, 1987. Paper 6.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/sd_beefreport_1987/6UREA, CDRN GLUTEN MEAL OR SOYBEAN MEAL AS SUPPLEMENTAL CRUDE PROTEIN SOURCES FOR FEEDLOT STEERS LIMIT-FED HIGH ENERGY GROUING DIETS 1 J. J. Wagner and T. L. Mader 2 Department of Animal and Range Sciences CATTLE 87-5 - Sumnary Urea, corn g lu ten  meal and soybean meal were compared as supplemental crude p r o t e i n  sources f o r  growing steers fed l i m i t e d  amounts o f  a high energy d ie t .  In teract ions between leve l  o f  urea and na tu ra l  p r o t e i n  source were not  s i g n i f i c a n t ,  i n d i c a t i n g  tha t  source o f  natura l  p r o t e i n  d i d  not in f luence urea u t i l i z a t i o n .  Level o f  urea and source o f  na tu ra l  p r o t e i n  d i d  not a f f e c t  average d a i l y  gain. These data ind ica te  tha t  up t o  1% o f  d i e t  'dry matter as urea can be e f f e c t i v e l y  u t i l i z e d  by L im i t - fed  ca t t le .  (Key Words: L i m i t  Feeding, Urea, Corn Gluten Meal, Soybean Meal.) In t roduct ion Calves are t r a d i t i o n a l l y  grown on low energy, high roughage d iets .  Low energy a v a i l a b i l i t y  i n  the rumen prevents urea from being e f f e c t i v e l y  u t i l i z e d .  L i m i t  feeding h igh concentrate d i e t s  a l t e r s  rumen condit ions and funct ion. Greater ava i lab le  energy i n  the runen may support greater u t i l i z a t i o n  o f  urea. I n  addit ion, r a t e  o f  passage o f  mater ia l  through the r m n  may be slowed. This may r e s u l t  i n  increased ruminal degradation o f  d i e t a r y  protein, reducing the  f low o f  p r o t e i n  from the  rumen t o  the  Lower d iges t i ve  system. Corn g lu ten  meal i s  a by-product o f  the corn m i l l i n g  industry. As a p r o t e i n  source, i t  has been shown t o  undergo Less ruminal degradation than soybean meal. About 65% o f  the p r o t e i n  i n  corn g lu ten  meal escapes ruminal degradation compared t o  35% o f  the p r o t e i n  i n  soybean meal. C a t t l e  fed corn g lu ten  meal as a source o f  supplemental p r o t e i n  may be capable o f  e f f e c t i v e l y  u t i l i z i n g  more urea than c a t t l e  fed soybean meal because o f  the reduced rumen degradable n i t rogen component. Ult imately, combinations o f  corn g lu ten  meal and urea may reduce the t o t a l  supplemental p r o t e i n  required by l i m i t - f e d  ca t t le .  The object ives o f  t h i s  research were t o  determine i f  urea could be e f f e c t i v e l y  u t i l i z e d  by c a t t l e  tha t  were l i m i t - f e d  h igh energy d i e t s  and t o  compare corn g lu ten meal and soybean meal as sources o f  supplemental natura l  p r o t e i n  i n  L i m i t - f e d  d ie ts .  Mater ia ls  and Methods One hundred twenty-eight Angus steers tha t  had been on a 28-day receiv ing program were L i m i t - f e d  a high energy d i e t  ( t a b l e  1) f o r  91 days. C a t t l e  were a l l  fed the same amount o f  d ry  matter. D a i l y  feed al lotment was designed t o  a l low 2.25 l b  average d a i l y  gain. P ro te in  percentage o f  the d i e t  was 12.01% ( tab le  2). Average d a i l y  d r y  matter in take by the c a t t l e  was 13.53 lb. Total p r o t e i n  in take by the c a t t l e  was 1.62 Lb. D a i l y  p r o t e i n  required by medium framed steer  calves gaining a t  2.25 l b  per head per d a y  i s  1.70 Lb per head per day (NRC, 1984). By feeding a Level o f  p r o t e i n  Lower than tha t  required, d i f ferences i n  c a t t l e  performance should r e f l e c t  d i f ferences i n  p r o t e i n  u t i l i z a t i o n .  'Assistant Professor. 'Northeast Nebraska Research and Extension Center, Un ive rs i t y  of Nebraska, Concord. TABLE 1. DIET FED TO STEERS Ingredient hounta High moisture corn Corn silage Supplement a Percentage, dry matter basis. TABLE 2. NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF DIET FED TO STEERS Item Amount a Net energy ga&n Crude pgotein Calcium ~hos~horus" C Vitamin A a Mcal per cwt dry matter. Percentage of dry matter. C XU per lb of dry matter. C a t t l e  ue re  f e d  combinations of  f i v e  p r o t e i n  supplements ( t a b l e  3). Supplements contained va r i ous  amounts of  soybean meal, c o r n  g l u t e n  meal and urea. ALL supplements uere  formulated t o  c o n t a i n  equal crude p ro te in ,  c a l c i m  and phosphorus ( t a b l e  4). Supplements uere  f e d  i n  an arrangement t h a t  p rov ided f o u r  l e v e l s  o f  urea, 0, .33, .67 and 1.00% o f  d r y  ma t te r  corresponding t o  0, 24.49, 48.99 and 73.4n o f  supplemental crude p r o t e i n  from urea, r e s p e c t i v e l y  ( t a b l e  5 ) .  Corn g l u t e n  meal prov ided from 0 t o  93.44% of  supplemental crude p r o t e i n  and soybean meal p rov ided  from 0 t o  98.85% o f  supplemental crude p ro te in .  The combinations o f  co rn  g l u t e n  meal and soybean meal uere  such t h a t  approximately 0, 33, 67 and 100% of t he  supplemental n a t u r a l  crude p r o t e i n  was f rom soybean meal and the  balance was f rom corn  and co rn  g l u t e n  meal. Su~p lemen t  Ing red ien t  1 2 3 4 5 Corn g l u t e n  meal b Soybean meal Ground corn Urea Dicalcium phosphate Limes tone C Trace mineral  s a l t  Beet molasses Rumensin 60 Vitamin A-30 a Percentage of supplement dry  ma t t e r .  Corn g l u t e n  meal was 60% crude p r o t e i n  on a dry ma t t e r  b a s i s .  C Composition, minimum percentage ,  NaCl 96 .0 ,  Zn .350, Mn .209,  Fe .200, Mg .150,  Cu .030,  I .007, Co .005. TABLE 4 .  NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF SUPPLEMENTS I tem Amount a N e t e n e r g y  g%n Crude p o t e i n  Calcium 5 Phosphorus b a Mcal pe r  cwt supplement dry  ma t t e r .  Percentage of supplement dry ma t t e r .  Data uere analyzed as a completely randomized design w i th  a 4 x 4 f a c t o r i a l  arrangement o f  treatments. Each treatment combinat ion cons is ted o f  e i g h t  steers.  I n d i v i d u a l  s tee rs  uere used as t h e  experimental  u n i t s .  ALL s tee rs  were assumed t o  consume t h e  same amount o f  feed. Cumulative net  energy f o r  g a i n  i n take  uas used as a c o - v a r i a t e  i n  t h e  ana lys is .  Th is  was intended t o  compensate f o r  p o t e n t i a l  grouth d i f f e rences  due t o  treatments. I f  t h e  imposed treatments r e s u l t e d  i n  d i f f e r e n t  grouth ra tes ,  t h e  f a s t e r  ga in ing c a t t l e  would have a h igher  maintenance requirement and would have been fed  Less energy f o r  ga in  than slower ga in ing  c a t t l e .  Level of urea b Supple- Protei C ment source 0 .33 .67 1.00 a Urea 0 24.49 48.99 73.47 Corn 0 6.27 12.54 18.81 CGM 0 0 0 0 S BM 98.85 65.08 33.49 1.91 Urea 0 24.49 48.99 73.47 Corn 1.94 7.58 13.21 18.85 CGM 31.38 21.13 10.87 .62 S BM 66.25 43.62 22.45 1.28 Urea 0 24.49 48.99 73.47 Corn 4.13 9.05 13.97 18.89 CGM 62.28 41.94 21.58 1.23 S BM 33.00 21.73 11.18 .64 Urea 0 24.49 48.99 73.47 Corn 6.21 10.45 14.69 18.93 CGM 93.44 62.91 32.38 1.85 S BM 0 0 0 0 a Percentage of supplemental protein. Percentage o f  dry matter. C d From table 3. CGM = Corn gluten meal, SBM = Soybean meal. Results and Discussion --No i n t e r a c t i o n s  between l e v e l  o f  urea and n a t u r a l  p r o t e i n  source were evident,  i n d i c a t i n g  t h a t  source of  n a t u r a l  p r o t e i n  d i d  n o t  i n f l uence  the  u t i l i z a t i o n  o f  urea. Therefore, o n l y  main e f f e c t s  o f  l e v e l  o f  urea and p r o t e i n  supplement are  shown ( tab les  6 and 7). Level o f  urea d i d  n o t  i n f l uence  average d a i l y  ga in  a t  28 days o r  f o r  t he  e n t i r e  t r i a l .  Average d a i l y  ga in  tended t o  be h ighe r  f o r  c a t t l e  f ed  supplements conta in ing both soybean meal and corn  g l u t e n  meal (supplements 2 and 3). These d i f f e rences  were no t  s t a t i s t i c a l l y  s i g n i f i c a n t ,  however. Performance by a l l  c a t t l e  was s i g n i f i c a n t l y  greater  than the  p ro jec ted  2.25 l b  per head per day. An extremely m i l d  w in te r  may have con t r i bu ted  t o  t h i s  outstanding performance. L i m i t - f e d  c a t t l e  appear capable o f  u t i l i z i n g  urea up t o  1% o f  d i e t  d r y  matter.  Replacing soybean meal w i t h  corn  g l u t e n  meal d i d  not  improve performance o f  steers,  i n d i c a t i n g  no advantage t o  feed ing a  h igh  "escape1I p ro te in .  TABLE .6. EFFECT OF UREA LEVEL ON PERFORMANCE a Urea b I tem 0 .33 .67 1.00 s EM' Initial wt, lb 585 599 580 576 12.89 ADG 28 2.51 2.45 2.61 2.33 .14 ADG 2.75 2.70 2.79 2.72 .09 F/G 28 4.87 4.96 4.72 5.23 .33 F/G 4.91 4.95 4.87 4.93 .20 a Percentage of diet dry matter. ADG - average daily gain, F/G - feed/gain. C Standard error of the mean. TABLE 7. EFFECT OF NATURAL PROTEIN SOURCE ON PERFORMANCE b I tem a Supplement ' Initialwt, lb ' 5 97 581 573 589 12.89 ADG 28 2.20 2.72 2.60 2.37 .14 ADG 2.58 2.79 2.91 2.68 .09 F/G 28 5.48 4.48 4.. 61 5.22 .33 F/G 5.20 4.82 4.62 5.00 .20 a Percentage of supplemental natural crude protein from soybean meal. Remaining supplemental natural protein provided by corn gluten meal and corg. ADG - average daily gain, F/G - feed/gain. C Standard error of the mean. 

Urea, Corn Gluten Meal or Soybean Meal as Supplemental Crude Protein Sources for Feedlot Steers Limit-Fed High Energy Growing Diets

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Urea, Corn Gluten Meal or Soybean Meal as Supplemental Crude Protein Sources for Feedlot Steers Limit-Fed High Energy Growing Diets

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