This bulletin provides a brief overview of Oxen Hard Red Spring Wheat. Information regarding its origin, disease resistance, and other traits is provided

Hall, R. G.

Rudd, J.

English

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South Dakota State UniversityOpen PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access InstitutionalRepository and Information ExchangeBulletins South Dakota State University AgriculturalExperiment Station11-1-1997Oxen Hard Red Spring WheatR. G. HallJ. RuddFollow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletinsThis Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: OpenPublic Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorizedadministrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, pleasecontact michael.biondo@sdstate.edu.Recommended CitationHall, R. G. and Rudd, J., "Oxen Hard Red Spring Wheat" (1997). Bulletins. Paper 729.http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/729B 726 November 1997 The development of Oxen hard red spring wheat is a success story of a public institution and private enter­prise working together. The name "Oxen" signifies this team effort. The breeding line that became Oxen was part of a germplasm dona­tion made in 1990 from Pioneer Hi­bred International to the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (SDAES). Spring wheat breeders at SDSU tested lines from this germplasm donation for several years, each year eliminating those lines that did not perform well under the variable South Dakota environ­ment and doing more extensive test­ing of the remaining lines. In 1992, the designation SDOO l O  was given to a promising line that would later become Oxen. Beginning in 1993, Oxen was tested throughout South Dakota by the Crop Performance Testing pro­gram of SDSU and also throughout the upper midwest as part of the Uniform Regional Spring Wheat Nursery. Evaluations for bread-mak­ing quality began in 1992 by the USDA Spring Wheat Quality Lab­oratory, Fargo, N.D., and in 1994 by the Wheat Quality Council. The Pioneer designation of the cross used to develop Oxen was SBF0089, and the pedigree is SBY336NSBZ004A. The pedigree of SBY336A is Waldron// Lundi/ Justin/3/ Arg 5/4/ Pioneer line W6744 while the pedigree of SBZ004A is Pioneer Variety 2369/ Len. Oxen was released by the SDAES in 1996. Application for Plant Variety Protection has been made, and Oxen will be sold only as a class of certified seed. Agronomic Characteristics Oxen is high yielding, early maturing, and has a semi-dwarf plant stature. Grain of Oxen has medium protein and bushel weight. Medium­sized kernels are produced on awned heads that are slightly more compact than many current varieties. Thresh­ability is excellent. Oxen, when compared to '2375,' is higher yielding, similar in maturi­ty, slightly shorter, better in straw strength, and less prone to shattering. Bushel weight and seed size are slightly less than 2375. Oxen appears to be widely adapted and has performed well in all areas tested in South Dakota, Minnesota, and North Dakota. It is B 726 November 1997 by R. Hall and J. Rudd Plant Science Department resistant to the prevalent races of leaf rust and stem rust. Based on perfor­mance data, the head scab resistance of Oxen is similar to 'Butte 96' and 'Russ' and slightly less than 2375 and 'Sharp.' Milling and bread-making char­acteristics of Oxen are similar to Russ. Oxen has excellent flour extraction, is strong mixing, and has a medium protein content. It received favorable comments from the Wheat Quality Council and was given an overall bread-making quali­ty rating similar to 'Grandin.' Table 1. Origin, disease resistance, and traits of Oxen compared to other popular spring wheat varieties. · .. · · · ·· · Disease Reaction .... ·· · · 1995 Leaf Stem Head Scab Baking Variety Origin Standability Rust Rust Tolerance Rating Butte 86 ND-86 Fair MR# R# Fair G-F$ Sharp SD-90 Good R R Fair F-P Oxen* SD-96 Good R R Fair VG-G Russ* SD-95 Good R R Fair VG-G 2375* Pio-88 Good MS MR Fair G-F *Plant Variety Protection - sold by variety name only as a class of certified seed. # S= Susceptible, MS= Moderately Susceptible, MR=Moderately Resistant, and R= Resistant. $ P= Poor, F= Fair, G= Good, and VG= Very Good. Table 2. Agronomic performance averages (1994-96) of Oxen compared to other popular spring wheat varieties. ............. 94-96 ............... Relative Bushel · Yield .. Top Yield Heading Protein Weight Height Bu/A .. Percentage .. Variety day % lb inch '96 94-96 '96 94-96 Butte 86 O* 13.5 61 32 49 43 25 50 Sharp 0 13.9 61 32 51 43 25 67 Oxen 2 13.7 60 28 56 47 63 100 Russ 2 13.6 60 32 56 46 63 83 2375 3 13.4 61 29 51 42 13 50 Table 3. Yield comparisons of Oxen to other popular HRS wheat varieties at various locations in South Dakota. Brookings Watertown VARIETY '96 3-Y R '96 3-Y R  2375 53 51 43 40 Butte 86 55 51 40 40 Oxen 56 53 45 43 Russ 56 50 50 44 Sharp 56 51 46 41 Yield Performance The excellent yield and yield sta­bility of Oxen is indicated in Tables 2-4. When averaged across 1994-96, Oxen was in the top yielding group at all locations (Table 2). At 47 bu/A during the 3-year period, it was 5 bu higher yielding than 2375 and 1 bu higher than Russ. Regional data confirms South Dakota data. In the 2 years Oxen was in the regional trials it averaged 5 bu/A acre higher than Butte 86 (Table 4). Location Highmore Spink Co. Groton Bison Ralph Selby '96 3-Y R  '96 3-Y R 96 3-Y R  '96 3-Y R  9 6  3-Y R '96 3-Y R  ································· ····· · ·· · · · ·· · Bu/A ·········································· 46 56 51 52 45 55 50 52 46 66 61 59 48 71 57 59 43 64 53 54 Table 4. Yield trial data from regional HRS wheat trials, 1993-94: South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota. Variety 1993 10)* Oxen 40 Stoa 36 Butte 86 38 1994 1993-94 (12) (22) Bu/A ........... .. 52 46 46 47 42 42 *Number of locations tested. 49 37 47 31 62 51 50 37 46 32 55 48 51 39 59 36 66 56 53 39 50 34 61 51 48 38 46 32 55 47 Published in accordance with an act passed in 1881 by the 14th Legislative Assembly, Dakota Territory, establishing the Dakota Agricultural College and with the act of re-organization passed in 1887 by the 17th Legislative Assembly, which established the Agricultural Experiment Station at South Dakota State University. SDSU is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer (Male/Female) and offers all benefits, services, education, and employ­ment opportunities without regard for ancestry, age, race, citizenship, color, creed, religion, gen­JJ. I SDSU der, disability, national origin, sexual preference, or Vietnam Era veteran sta­tus. T his publication reports the results of research only and implies no endorsements. B 726: 1,200 printed at a cost of 15¢ each. AX147. November 1997 

Oxen Hard Red Spring Wheat

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Oxen Hard Red Spring Wheat

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