The National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH) has extensive collections of artifacts from ancestral Caddo sites in the Caddo area. This includes 19 ceramic vessels and one distinctive ceramic pipe from several sites in the upper Neches River basin in East Texas. The majority of these artifacts were originally collected by noted amateur archaeologist R. King Harris of Dallas, Texas, who sold his collection to the NMNH in 1980, while three of the vessels were originally in Bureau of American Ethnology holdings, and likely are from early archaeological investigations by Dr. J. E. Pearce of The University of Texas at Austin that were funded by the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE). Pearce began work in this part of the state under the auspices of the BAE, and that work “had led me to suppose that I should find this part of the State rich in archeological material of a high order.

Perttula, Timothy K.

English

SFA ScholarWorks

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State Volume 2016 Article 20 2016 Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramic Vessels from Anderson, Cherokee, and Henderson Counties in East Texas Timothy K. Perttula Center for Regional Heritage Research, Stephen F. Austin State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita  Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Perttula, Timothy K. (2016) "Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramic Vessels from Anderson, Cherokee, and Henderson Counties in East Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2016 , Article 20. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2016.1.20 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/20 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact cdsscholarworks@sfasu.edu. Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramic Vessels from Anderson, Cherokee, and Henderson Counties in East Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/20 ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Introduction The National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (NMNH) has extensive collec-tions of artifacts from ancestral Caddo sites in the Caddo area. This includes 19 ceramic vessels and one distinctive ceramic pipe from several sites in the upper Neches River basin in East Texas (Figure 1). The majority of these artifacts were originally collected by noted amateur archaeologist R. King Harris of Dallas, Texas, who sold his collection to the NMNH in 1980, while three of the vessels were originally in Bureau of American Ethnology holdings, and likely are from early archaeological investigations by Dr. J. E. Pearce (1920) of The University of Texas at Austin that were funded by the Bureau of Ameri-can Ethnology (BAE). Pearce (1932:51) began work in this part of the state under the auspices of the ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????material of a high order.”Ceramic VesselsAnderson County Three of the ceramic vessels came from a site near Frankston, Texas, likely in the Caddo Creek val-ley, an area of the upper Neches River basin with a notable high density of ancestral Caddo settlements and cemeteries. These three vessels were originally in BAE holdings, and include Late Caddo Frankston phase (ca. A.D. 1400-1680) vessels: two carinated bowls and a bottle with a carinated body. The cari-nated bowls are Poynor Engraved, var. O (Figure 2; see Perttula 2011:Figure 6-65) and ??????????????? (Figure 3) vessels, and the bottle is also a Poynor Engraved vessel (Figure 4; see also Suhm and Jelks 1962:Figure 63h-j). The last of the Anderson County vessels is a Patton Engraved, var. Freeman globular carinated bowl from Harris’ site A-1 (Figure 5). This is the stylistically earliest of the historic Allen phase (ca. post-A.D. 1680) Caddo varieties of Patton Engraved in the upper Neches River basin (Perttula 2011:Figure 6-66c).Cherokee County The 11 ceramic vessels and one ceramic elbow pipe are from an unknown site excavated by Harris ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Only one vessel from this Cherokee County site is plain. This is a  small bowl with an inverted rim (Figure 6). There are three bottles in the collection from this Cherokee County site (Figures 7-9). Two have ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????engraved lines (Figure 7, Poynor Engraved) or horizontal and overlapping brushing marks (Figure 9). One bottle has the classic elongated body and short neck of the Hume Engraved type (see Suhm and ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 1. The location of the Upper Neches River Basin in East Texas.?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????? ? ?? ???? ????????????????????????????? ? ?? ??????????????? ? ? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 2. Poynor Engraved, var. O carinated bowl. Catalog #A317057, NMNH.Figure 3. Poynor Engraved, ????????????????carinated bowl. Catalog #A317058, NMNH.??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 4. Poynor Engraved bottle. Catalog #317055, NMNH.Jelks 1962:83), and it is also decorated with a series of single vertical engraved lines from the top to the bottom of the vessel body (Figure 8).? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Engraved vessels from Burials 2 and 6, and one is a Patton Engraved globular bowl from Burial 2. The Poynor Engraved carinated bowls are var. Freeman (Figure 10), var. Blackburn (Figure 11), var. Cook (Figure 12), and var. Hood (Figure 13) vessels (see Perttula 2011:Figure 6-64). The Patton Engraved cari-nated bowl is a var. Allen vessel with three horizontal engraved lines on the rim with downward-pointing excised pendant triangles (Figure 14, see Perttula 2011:Figure 6-66a). ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(Figure 15).????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 5. Patton Engraved, var. Freeman carinated bowl. Catalog #514286, NMNH.?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 7. Poynor Engraved bottle from Burial 6. Catalog #A514275, NMNH.????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 8. Hume Engraved bottle. Catalog #A514260, NMNH.??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 9. Poynor Brushed bottle from Burial 2. Catalog #A514271.????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 10. Poynor Engraved, var. Freeman carinated bowl from Burial 2. Catalog #A514265, NMNH.Figure 11. Poynor Engraved, var. Blackburn carinated bowl from Burial 2. Catalog #A514266, NMNH.??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 12. Poynor Engraved, var. Cook carinated bowl from Burial 2. Catalog #A514267.Figure 14. Patton Engraved, var. Allen carinated bowl from Burial 2. Catalog #A514268, NMNH.????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? The second utility ware jar has opposed lip lugs. It is decorated on the rim with two horizontal rows of large tool punctations either beneath the lip or at the rim-body juncture, with two horizontal grooved lines between the punctations (Figure 16). The vessel body has vertical brushing marks that extend nearly to the vessel base. The grooved decorative elements suggest this vessel is stylistically related to Lindsey Grooved utility wares, a distinctive historic Caddo Allen phase type in the upper Neches River basin (see Marceaux 2011).? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-bow pipe with a ring pedestal base (Figure 17a-b). The pipe has a deep bowl and a lengthy stem. Jackson (1933:Plate 17:47) labels these pipes as thong hole pipes with holes at the base of the body. This Chero-kee County pipe has three rows of small circular punctations on the pipe bowl, at the top and bottom of the pipe stem, and on the ring pedestal base.Henderson County The four Henderson County vessels in the R. K. Harris collection at the NMNH are labeled as coming ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????possible the labels refer to two different Henderson County sites in the upper Neches River basin.Figure 15. Maydelle Incised jar from Burial 2. Catalog #A514270, NMNH.??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????var. Cook carinated bowl (Figure 18) and a Hume Engraved, ??????????????? bottle (Figure 19). The Hume Engraved bottle has a very elongated body and a short neck with an everted rim. The body of the bottle is decorated with a series of narrow ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????-er decorative element on the vessel body consists of curvilinear engraved lines with a series of hatched pendant triangles.  ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????plain bottle with an elongated body and a spool neck (Figure 20). The second is a Hume Engraved, var. ?????????? bottle with a continuous series of closely-spaced vertical engraved lines on the vessel body (Figure 21).Summary and Conclusions R. King Harris was an active amateur archaeologist that investigated Caddo sites in Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and East Texas between 1924-1980. In 1980, his collections and records were purchased by the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. A number of the sites that Harris investigated and obtained collections from have not been reported or documented, and this includes the 19 ancestral Caddo ceramic vessels and one ceramic elbow pipe discussed herein from sites in Anderson, Cherokee, and Henderson counties in the upper Neches River basin. Figure 16. Punctated-grooved-brushed jar from Burial 2. Catalog #A514269, NMNH.????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 17. Ring pedestal base elbow pipe from 392/Ch-1. Catalog #A514264, NMNH.ab??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 18. Poynor Engraved, var. Cook carinated bowl from H1. Catalog #A514237, NMNH. The Caddo ceramic vessels and ring pedestal base elbow pipe in the NMNH collections are from several burials excavated by Harris at different sites in the three counties. The decorative elements and motifs on the vessels, as well as the distinctive form of the carinated bowls and elongated Hume En-graved and Hume Plain bottles, indicate that they are from post-A.D. 1400 Late Caddo period, Frankston phase contexts as well as likely late 17th century Allen phase contexts. The 19 vessels include a plain bottle (Hume Plain) and a plain bowl, two utility ware jars (Maydelle Incised and a punctated-grooved-???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (n=3). The ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Engraved carinated vessels in the Harris assemblage are var. Cook (n=2), var. Blackburn (n=1), var. Freeman (n=1), var. Hood (n=1), var. O (n=1), and ??????????????? (n=2). These varieties, as well as the Hume Engraved bottles, primarily occur in Frankston phase contexts at Caddo sites dating between ca. A.D. 1480-1680 (Perttula 2011:Table 6-37). The two Patton Engraved carinated bowls are var. Freeman and var. Allen.????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 19. Hume Engraved, var.??????????? bottle from H1. Catalog #A514236, NMNH.??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Figure 20. Hume Plain bottle from H2. Catalog #A514241, NMNH.????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Figure 21. Hume Engraved, ??????????????? bottle from H2. Catalog #A514242??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Acknowledgments Bo Nelson took the photographs of the ceramic vessels and pipe in the NMNH used in this article, and Sandy Hannum prepared Figure 1.References CitedJackson, A. T.1933 Indian Pipes of East Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 5:69-86.Marceaux, P. S.2011 The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of the Hasinai Caddo: Material Culture and the Course of European Contact. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin.Pearce, J. E.????? ????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ??? ??????????of Texas at Austin.1932 The Present Status of Texas Archeology. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 4:44-54.Perttula, T. K.2011 The Ceramic Artifacts from the Lang Pasture Site (41AN38) and the Place of the Site within an Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramic Tradition. In Archeological Investigations at the Lang Pasture Site (41AN38) in the Upper Neches River Basin of East Texas, assembled and edited by T. K. Perttula, D. B. Kelley, and R. A. Ricklis, pp. 145-320. Archeological Studies Program Report No. 129. Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, Austin.Suhm, D. A. and E. B. Jelks (editors)1962 Handbook of Texas Archeology: Type Descriptions. Special Publication No. 1, Texas Archeological Society, and Bulletin No. 4, Texas Memorial Museum, Austin. Reprinted in 2009, Gustav’s Library, Davenport, Iowa.

Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramic Vessels from Anderson, Cherokee, and Henderson Counties in East Texas

https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1913&amp;context=ita

Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramic Vessels from Anderson, Cherokee, and Henderson Counties in East Texas

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

SFA ScholarWorks