In this article, we report on new radiocarbon dates obtained from five Caddo sites in East Texas. The radiocarbon samples are charred organic remains scraped off of one surface of whole vessels or sherds. These samples are from the Johns (41CP12), Shelby Mound (41CP7l), Gilbert (41RA13), Henry Spencer (41UR315), and Henry Williams (41UR318) sites. All of the dates are calibrated using Ox Cal v4.1.7, with atmospheric data from Reimer

Perttula, Timothy K.

Selden, Robert Z., Jr.

English

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Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State Volume 2013 Article 42 2013 New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites Timothy K. Perttula Center for Regional Heritage Research, Stephen F. Austin State University Robert Z. Selden Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita  Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Perttula, Timothy K. and Selden, Robert Z. Jr. (2013) "New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2013 , Article 42. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2013.1.42 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2013/iss1/42 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact cdsscholarworks@sfasu.edu. New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2013/iss1/42 New Radiocarbou Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites Timothy K. Perttula and Robert Z. Selden 1 Jr. INTRODUCTION In this atticle, we report on new radiocarbon dates obtaineu from five Caddo sites in East Texas. The radiocarbon samples are charred organic remains scraped off of one surface of whole vessels or sherds. These samples are from the Johns (41 CP12), Shelby Mound (41 CP7 L ), Gilbert (41 RA 13), Henry Spencer (41 UR315), and Henry Williams (41 UR318) sites.All of the dates are calibrated using OxCal v4.1.7 (Bronk Ramsey 2012), with atmospheric data from Reimer et al. (2009). THIE DATES The new date from the Johns site, a Late Caddo, Titus phase cemetery in the Big Cypress Creek drainage (Perttula et al. 2010), is on organic residues scraped from the interior surface ofVesse\3 in Buriall6. This is a large grog-tempered jar with closely-spaced horizontal incised lines on the rim, while the vessel body has diagonal brushing marks. The 2-sigma (95.4% probability) calibrated age range of the organic residue on the vessel is A.D. 1461-1635, with a median calibrated age of A.D. 1558 (Figure 1). 600 500 1500 D-AMS 001187 R_Date(348,27) 1600 68.2% probability 1485 (27 .1%) 1523caiAD 1560 (1.5%) 1562.ca1AD 1572 (39.7%) 1630caiAD 95.4% probability 1461 (95.4%) 1635caiAD Median 1558caiAD 1700 Calibrated date (caiAD) Figure 1. Calibrated age ranges of Johns i41CPI2) Vessel 3, Burial 16 (AMS-001187). ]oumal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, Volume 40, 2013 1800 20 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 40 (2013) The Shelby Mound site (41 CP71) is a Late Caddo, Titus phase mound center. community cemetery, and large village on Greasy Creek in the Big Cypress Creek drainage (Perttula et al. 2012a). Organic residue was collected from a medium-sized jar with an incised rim and appliqued lug handles. There are four sets of appliqued nodes on the body (Figure 2). The 2-sigma calibrated age ranges of the organic residue with the highest probabilities are A.D. 1512-1602 and A .D. 1616-1665 (Figure 3). The median calibrated age is A.D. 1572. Charred organic residues were taken from a plain grog-tempered hody sherd recovered in Feature 83 at the Gilbert site (41RA13). The Gilberr site is an mid-l81h century Caddo site on Lake Fork Creek in the upper Sabine River basin (Blaine 1992; Jelks 1967; Perttula 20 12). Figure 2. lncised-appliqued jar from the Shelby Mound site ( #241 in Margaret Hinton collection}. 600 c 400 .Q iii c .E Gi a; ., c 0 -e ro 0 0 i5 ro a: 200 0 41 CP71_D-AMS-001429 R_Date(283,28) 68.2% probability u ..__ _ ___, 1523 (41 .0%) 1572caiAD 1630 (27.2%) 1655caiAD 95.4% probability 1496 (1.3%) 1506caiAD 1512 (56.6%) 1602caiAD 1616 (36.6%) 1665caiAD 1786 (0.9%) 1793caiAO Median 1572caiAD u Calibrated date (caiAD) Figure 3. Calibrated age ranges of Shelby Mound (41CP71) Vessel #241 (AMS-001429). 2000 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 40 (201 3) 21 The organic residue on the sherd has 2-sigma age ranges of A.D. 1642-1678 and A.D. 1765-1800 (Figure 4), with a median calibrated age of A.D. 1745. The stable carbon isotope value of -12.1 o/oo on the organic residue indicates that the. residue came from maize remains charred on the vessel,likely ajar. There are three new radiocarbon dates from the Henry Spencer site, primarily a Late Caddo, Titus phase cemetery (Perttula et al. 2012b), on a tributary to Littlt: Cypress Creek. The first date is organic residue from an incised-punctated jar dubbed Spencer [ncised-Puncrated (Figure 5). The 2-sigma calibrated age ranges of the organic residue with the highest probabilities are A.D. 1445-1524 and A.D. 1570-1631, with a median calibrated age of A.D. 1498 (Figure 6). 41 RA13_D-AMS-001432 R_Date(228,22) 68.2% probability 1652 (37.1%) 1666caiAD 17B4 (31.1%) 1796caiAD 95.4% probability 1642 (48.1%) 1678caiAD 1765 (37.9%) 1800caiAD 1940 (9.4%) 1955caiAD Med•an 1745caiAD Figure 4 . Calibrated age ranges of the Gil ben (41RAJ 3) shcnl Sllmple (AMS-001432). Figure 5. lncised-punctated jar, Buri11l 33, Vessel 186, from the Henry Spencer site. LJ 22 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 40 (2013) 600 ii'" 500 ~ c .Q ~ c ·e 400 ... Q) .... Q) "0 c:: 0 .c ... ~ Q 300 "0 ~ a: 200 D-AMS 001185 R_Date(381 ,28) 68.2% probability 1451 (54.9%) 1513caiAD 1601 (13.3%) 1617ca1AD 95.4% probability 1445 (64.6%) 1524caiAD 1558 (1.3%) 1564ca1AD 1570 (29.5%) 1631 caiAD Median 1498caiAD Calibrated date (caiAD) Figure 6. Calibrated age ranges of Burial 33, Vessel 1 R6 organic residue from the Henry Spencer site (AMS-001185). The second new radiocarbon from the Henry Spencer site is on organic residue from a medium-sized jar with appliqued-punctated and incised decorative elements (Vessel 7, Burial 2) (Figure 7). The 2 sigma-calibrated age ranges of the organic residue on this vessel arc A.D. 1278-1315 and A.D. 1355-1389, with a median calibrated age of A.D. 1311. Based on other vessels recovered from this burial (Perttula et al. 20 12b:20-25), this date appears to be anomalously older than expected, by perhaps 150-200 years or more. Figure 7. Appliqued-punctated and incised jar, Burial 2, Vessel 7, from the Henry Spencer site. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 40 ( 2013) 23 _ 41UR315_D-AMS-001430 R_Date(666,24) \ 68.2% probability , "---- 1284 (37.0%) 1303caiAD "-. 1366 (31.2%) 1383caiAD "'... ' 95.4% probability '-, 1278 (51.0%) 1315caiAD '- 1355 (44 .4%) 1389caiAD Median 1311caiAD 1250 Calibrated date (caiAO) Figure 8. Calibrated age ranges of Burial 2, Vessel 7 organic residue from the Henry Spencer site (AMS-001430) . Figure 9 . Pease Brushed-Incised jar, Vessel 87, Burial 18, from the Henry Spencer site. The third new radiocarbon date from the Henry Spencer is from a Pease Brushed-In-cised jar (Vessel 87) from Burial 18 (Figure 9). The calibrated age ranges on the vessel organic residue with the highest probabilities are A.D. 1449-1524 and A.D. 1570-1631, with a calibrated median age of A.D. 1507 (Figure 10). The final new radiocarbon date is from the organic residue scraped from a Harleton Appliqued jar (Figure 11) in Burial 20 (Ves-sel 2003.08.1042) at the Henry Williams site ( 41 UR318). Henry Williams is a large Late Caddo habitation and cemetery locale on Gum Creek in the Little Cypress Creek basin (Perttula et al. 2012c).lt is only a few miles from the Henry Spencer site. The 2-sigma calibrated age ranges for the organic residue on this vessel are A.D. 1341-1395 and A.D. 1285-1328, with a median calibrated age of A.D. 1354 (Figure 12). Based on other vessels recovered in the cemetery, this date appears to be anoma-lously older than expected, by perhaps 150-200 years or. more. 24 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 40 (2013) 600 0:: 500 !!!. c ~ "' c .E :u 400 ... Ill "0 c 0 .D ~ () 300 0 '5 "' 0: 200 41 UR315_D-AMS-001431 R_Date(371 ,24) 68.2% probability 1457 (51 .5%) 1515caiAD 1599 (16.7%) 1617caiAD 95.4% probability 1449 (60.0%) 1524caiAD 1558 ( 1.5%) 1564caiAD 1570 (33.9%) 1631caiAD Median 1507caiAD Calibrated date (caiAD) Figure 10. Calibrated age ranges of Burial 18. Vessel 87 organic residue from the Henry Spencer site (AMS-001431 ) . . . . . . ~ I ••••• Hgure 11. Harleton Appliqued jar from Burial 20 at the Henry Williams site (41 UR318). 800 700 a:-e. c: 0 -.;; C'CI c: ·e ... Ql 600 .... Ql '0 c: 0 J:l .. C'CI () 0 '5 C'CI a: 1250 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology 40 (2013) 25 D-AMS 001186 R_Date(638,26) 68.2% probability 1300 1294 (26.6%) 1315caiAD 1356 (41.6%) 1388caiAD 95.4% probability 1285 (40.3%) 1328caiAD 1341 (55.1%) 1395caiAD Median 1354caiAD 1350 Calibrated date (caiAD) 1400 Figure 12. Calibrated age nmges ofBurial20. Vessel2003 .0!!.1042 organic residue from the Ilenry Williams site (AMS-001186). SUMMARY The seven new radiocarhon dates from these five Caddo sites in East Texas add to the ever increasing corpus of radiocarbon dates obtained from Caddo sites in the region (Selden and Perttula 20 12). It was expected based upon the stylistic analysis of ceramic vessels from cemeteries at the Johns, Shelby Mound. Henry Spencer, and Henry Williams sites, as well as previously obtained radioc·arbon dates from the Shelby Mound (Perttula ct al. 20 12a:Table 8) and Henry Spencer (Perttula et al. 20 12b:Table 18 and Figure 309a-b), that the six organic residue samples from these four sites would fall within the dated range of the Titus phase, ca. A.D. 1430-1680. The median calibrated ages of four of the samples are consistent chronologically with a Titus phase age, in that they range from A.D. 1498-1572. The other two organic residue samples. however, one from the Henry Spencer site and the other from the Henry Williams site, have calibrated mean ages of A.D. 1311 and A.D. 1354, respectively. Since these organic residues are from vessels in burials in cemeteries that have strong Titus phase associations, we have concluded that these calibrated age ranges are anomalously old. The seventh. and final, calibrated date has heen obtained from a sherd in a midden feature at the mid-18'h century Gilbert site. The median calibrated age of the organic residue from the sherd is A.D. 1745, fully meeting age expectations for the sample based on other artifacts recovered from the site, especially many European trade goods. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We appreciate the permission of the Northeast Texas Community College, Tommy Johns, the Gregg County Historical Museum, and Jay Blaine to document the vessels and/or sherds from these five East Texas sites. 26 Journal ofNortheast Texas Arclzaeofot?Y 40 (2013) REFERENCES CITED Blaine, J. C. 1992 A Sununary and Discussion of Additional Findings at the Gilbert Site, an Eighteenth-Century Norteno Occupation in Rains County, Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 63: 175-196. Bronk Ramsey, C. 2012 OxCal4.1 .7/0RAU. Electronic resource. https://c 14.an.:h.ox.ac.uk/login/login.php'.'l.ocarion=oxcal OxCal.html, accessed December 2012. Jelks, E. B. (editor) 1967 The Gilbert Site: A Norteno Focus Silt: in Northeast Texas. Bulletin of the Tt•xas Archeological So-ciety 37:1-248. Perttula, T. K. 2012 Analysis of Ceramic Sherds from the Mid-18'h Century Gilbert Site on Lake Fork Creek, Rains County, Texas. Journal o.f Northeast Texas Archaeology 37:1-22. Perttula, T. K., P. S. Marceaux, and B. Nelson 2012a Study of the Margaret Hinton Collection o.f Pottery Vessels .from Northeast Texas Caddo Cemeteries. Special Publication No. 24. Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology, Austin and Pittsburg. Perttula, T. K., B. Nelson, and M. Walters 20 12b Caddo Archaeology at the Henry Spencer Site ( 41 UR315) in the Little Cypress Creek Basi11 o.f Eo., Texas. Special Publication No. 20. Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology, Pittsburg and Austin. Pt:rttula, T. K .. M. Walters, and B. Nelson 2010 Caddo Pottery Vessels and Pipes from the Johns Site (41 CP I 2) in the BiR Cvpress Creek Basin in the Turner and Johns Collections, Camp County, Texas. Special Publication No. II. Friends of :'\lortheast Texas Archaeology, Austin and Pittsburg. 20 12c Little Cypress Creek Basin Archaeology: Six Late Caddo Period Cemeteries in Upshur Coun0·. Texas. Special Publication No. 22. Friends of Northeast Texas Archaeology, Austin and Pittsburg. Reimer, P. J., M.G. L. Baillie, E. Bard. A. Bayliss, J. W. Beck, P. G. Blackwell, C. Bronk Ram,.::. C. E. Buck, G. S. Burr, R. L. Edwards. M. Friedrich, P.M. Grootes, T. P. Guilderson, I. Hajda!>. r J. Heaton, A. G. Hogg, K. A. Hughen. K. F. Kaiser, B. Kromer, F. G. M~.:Corma~.:. S. W. Manning R. W. Reimer, D. A. Richards. J. R. Southon, S. Talamo, C. S.M. Turney, J. van der P1icht. and C. E.Weyhenmcyer 2009 lntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50,000 years cal B P. Radiocarhon 5 I ( 4): 1111- I 150. Selden, R. Z., Jr. and T. K. Perttula 2012 Radiocarbon Trends and the East Texas Caddo Tradition lea. A.D. 800-1680). MS in review, South-eastern Archaeologv. 

New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites

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New Radiocarbon Dates from East Texas Caddo Sites

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