Table 1 provides comparative sherd assemblage data from Lake Palestine sites on the Neches River, 41HE139 west of Lake Palestine, 41AN38 south of Lake Palestine, as well as the Kah-hah-kowha site (41CE354) to the northeast of the lake. This site has an Allen phase component. The Lake Palestine sites include Debro (41CE86), William Sherman (41CE30), Forest Drive (41HE184), Halbert, Woldert (41HE80), Ferguson, Tomato Patch (41HE185), Mitchell (41HE22), and White Mule (41HE166)

Perttula, Timothy K.

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Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State Volume 2007 Article 23 2007 Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramics, an Attempt at an Updated Seriation and a Context for Understnading Frankston to Allen Phase Ceramic Stylistic and Technological Changes Timothy K. Perttula Center for Regional Heritage Research, Stephen F. Austin State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita  Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Perttula, Timothy K. (2007) "Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramics, an Attempt at an Updated Seriation and a Context for Understnading Frankston to Allen Phase Ceramic Stylistic and Technological Changes," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2007 , Article 23. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2007.1.23 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2007/iss1/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact cdsscholarworks@sfasu.edu. Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramics, an Attempt at an Updated Seriation and a Context for Understnading Frankston to Allen Phase Ceramic Stylistic and Technological Changes Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2007/iss1/23 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 154 UPPER NECHES RIVER BASIN CADDO CERAMICS, AN ATTEMPT AT AN UPDATED SERIATION AND A CONTEXT FOR UNDERSTANDING FRANKSTON TO ALLEN PHASE CERAMIC STYIJISTIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES Timothy K. Perttula Table 1 provides comparative sherd assemblage data from Lake Palestine sites on the Neches River (see Anderson et at. 1974), 41HE139 west of Lake Palestine (Cliff et al. 2004), 41AN38 (Kelley et aL 2006) south of Lake Palestine, as wc11 as the Kah-hah-ko-wha site (41CE354) (Perttula and Nelson 2006) to the northeast of the lake. This site has an Allen phase component. The Lake Palestine sites include Debro (41CE86), William Sherman (41CE30), Forest Drive (4JHE184), Halbert, Woldert (41HE80), Ferguson, Tomato Patch (41HEI85), Mitchell (41HE22), and White Mule (41HE166) (Figure 1). Table 1. Comparative sherd assemblage data from Lake Palestine Caddo sites, 41AN38, and 41CE354, and proposed temporal sequence of sites. Site No. of Dec. %Brushed* %bone- %Wet-paste PIDR Brushed/Wet Sherd~ temper decorations pa~te ratio YOUNGEST SITE: GROUP Ia, known Allen phase component 4JCH354 474 82.7 3.1 8.9 0.20 8.14 GROtJP lb, YOUNGEST FRANKSTON PHA.. .. E SITES Debro 311 80.0 ? 10.3 0.14 7.75 William 525 75.8 ? 16.2 0.44 4.68 Sherman GROtJP II Forest Drive 1693 68.6 ? 21.9 0.56 3.12 Halbert 1757 65.8 2.6 26.3 0.70 2.51 Woldert 1730 62.7 0.0 28.8 0.72 2.19 Ferguson 4116 60.8 <1.0 27.9 0.61 2.17 GROUP Ill, OLDEST FRANKSTON PHASE SITES Tomato Patch 912 49.2 ? 41.7 1.50 1.21 41AN38 2435 35.9 6.7 38.0 1.40 0.91 Mitchell, Oe 54 32.1 OJ) 33.3 1.37 1.50 Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) Table 1. Comparative sherd assemblage data from Lake Palestine Caddo sites, 41AN38, and 41 CE354, and proposed temporal sequence of sites, cont. 155 Site No. or Dec. %Brushed* %bone- %Wet-paste PIDR Brushed/Wet Sherds temper decorations paste ratio MIDDLE AND EARLY CADDO GROUPS GROUP IV White Mule 1404 18.5 1.5 63.7 2.61 0.29 41HE139 40 17.5 8.1 65.0 2.51 0.33 OLOEST SITE: GROUP V Mitchell, A-C 56 1.3 12.0 65.7 1.71 0.03 *percentage of all decorated sherds; other comparisons in this volume use percentage of brushed sherds relative to all sherds, both plain and decorated These comparisons of the composition of upper Neches River basin Caddo decorated sherd assemblages- and the temporal orderings and cultural affiliations they imply-are based on the percentage of brushed sherds in the decorated sherd sample (rather than the percentage of brushed sherds among all the sherds, both plain and decorated), the percentage of bone temper in the assemblages, the percentage of wet-paste decorations other than brushing (i.e., incised, punctated, appliqued, neck-banded, etc.), the plain/decorated sherd ratio (PfDR), and the brushed sberd/wet paste decorated sherd ratio (see Table 1 ). From these comparisons, six different groups of assemblages have been defined in a seriation of the Lake Palestine area sites. These groups seem to reflect temporal changes due to the high frequency of Late Caddo Frankston phase decorated types, such as Poynor Engraved, Maydelle Incised, Bullard Brushed, Hume Engraved, and engraved effigy vessels, that are found in the Groups I b-Ill sites-as well as Patton Engraved sherds from 41 CE354 in Group la-and the occurrence of Early and Middle Caddo types such as Canton Incised, Dunkin Incised, Holly Fine Engraved, and Pennington Punctatcd-lneised in the Group IV and V Lake Palestine sites. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) e lATE C AOOO ANO HISTORIC CAOOO S ETTl..EMENTS AND/ OR CI!M~IES S l-H/OIP 0 2 4 8 oc=~2E=~4~====~a MILES A.N38 • CE tS • CEA • 156 Figure 1. Selected Frankston and Allen phases in the upper Neches River basin, Anderson, Cherokee, Henderson, and Smith counties, Texas. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 157 This particular seriation, with three different temporal groupings of Frankston and Allen phase sites, is aalso supported by ifferences in: (a) the proportions of Poynor Engraved varieties, Patton Engraved, engraved effigy vessels, Maydelle Incised, La Rue Neck Banded, and Bullard Brushed in upper Neches River Caddo burials, (b) differences in the relative frequencies of common vessel forms in Poynor and Patton Engraved vessels (Kleinschmidt 1982:Figure 24), as well as (c) the occurrence of European trade goods. The Kah-hah-ko-wha site (41CE354) is in Group Ia of the seriation (see Tab1e 1), and is interpreted as the youngest or most recent known Caddo occupation of the Lake Palestine area sites. Corbin (2007, this volume) considers the Group lb-111 Caddo sites part of an upper Neches River cluster that represents a conglomeration of constitutent groups that share a broadly similar socio-political organization through time and space (see Story and Creel 1982:30-34). No Sanders phase pottery types (i.e., Sanders Engraved, Monkstown Fingernail Impressed, Maxey Noded Redware) were recovered in the Lake Palestine sites. Furthermore, it has been shown in several other ceramic studies in northeastern Texas that the proportion of brushed sherds in decorated sherd assemblages steadily increases through time, beginning after ca. A.D. 1250, during the occupation of the Group IV Caddo sites (and after the principal Early Caddo occupation ended at the George C. Davis site, i.e. after ca. A.D. 1250- 1300). By the late 17th and 18th centuries Caddo sjtes are known in the Neches and Angelina river basins (including Deshazo) where brushed sherds account for ca. 50-90% of all the decorated sherds. More than 82% of the sherds at the l71h century Kah-hah-ko-wha site (41CE354) are brushed (see Table 1). This site appears to be the youngest Caddo site in the proposed seriation. References Cited Anderson, K. M., K. Gilmore, 0. F. McCormick LII, and E. P. Morenon 1974 Archaeological Inve.\1igations at Lake Palestine, Texas. Contributions in Anthropology No. 11. Southern Methodist University, Dallas. Cliff, M. B., E. C. Sills, T. K. Perttula, and P. Dering 2004 NatiotUJL Register Testing of Sites 41HE14, 41HE139, and 41HE343 within Proposed FM 3506 Right of Way, Henderson County, Texas. Report No. 60. Archeological Studies Program, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin. Corbin, J. E. 2007 Cultural Diversity in the Southern Caddo Region. Journal of Northeast Te.xas Archaeology 26:11-23. Kelley, D. B., T. K. Pcrttula, D. G. Hunter, B. M. Albert, J. Kelly, B. Nelson, and D. E. Wilson 2006 Interim Report on Archileological Data l~ecovery at 4JAN38, Anderson County, Te.xas. Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton Rouge. Journal of Northeast Texas Archaeology, No. 26 (2007) 158 Kleinschmidt, U.K. W. 1982 Review and Analysis of the A. C. Saunders Site, 41AN19, Anderson County, Texas. Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin. Perttula, T. K. and B. Nelson 2006 Archeolo~:ical Survey Investigations and Test. Excavations al 41 CE354 al the North and South Lake areas of the H.R.C. Cherokee Tree Form, L.P. Project, Cherokee County, Texas. Report of Investigations No. 80. Archeological & Environmental Consultants, LLC, Austin. Story, D. A. and D. G. Creel 1982 The Cultural Setting. In The Deshozv Site, Nacogdoches County, Texas, Vol. 1: The Site, lls Sellin~. Investigations, Cu1lura1 Features. Artifacts of Non-Native Manufacture, and Subsistence Remains, edited by D. A. Story, pp. 20-34. Texas Antiquities Permit Series No.7. Texas Antiquities Committee, Austin. 

Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramics, an Attempt at an Updated Seriation and a Context for Understnading Frankston to Allen Phase Ceramic Stylistic and Technological Changes

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Upper Neches River Basin Caddo Ceramics, an Attempt at an Updated Seriation and a Context for Understnading Frankston to Allen Phase Ceramic Stylistic and Technological Changes

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