Todd presented a general chronology for the presence of aboriginal-manufactured clay elbow pipes in Northeast Texas Caddo sites. Most of the pipe types have an extensive range in time; however, this may be true for thong elbow pipes. This paper looks further at the time range for; and the variety, of thong pipes.
Jackson refers to elbow pipes that have a hole between the keel and the bowl as thong pipes. A string appears to have been run through the holes. He refers to the two types of pipes as handled and holed, but I use the terms looped and perforated. Perino mentions that the perforation in the pipe\u27s keel may have been so that a cord could be fastened to the stem, similar to some French and Native American micmac pipes
