Explore the most recent theories and evidence of why we sleep, and what happens in the brain during sleep and the consequences of sleep loss and sleep disorders

Tartar, Jaime L., PhD

English

NSU Works

Nova Southeastern UniversityNSUWorksCollege of Psychology: Faculty Proceedings,Presentations, Speeches and Lectures College of Psychology2-20-2019The Nights of Our Lives: Why We Sleep & DreamJaime L. Tartar PhDNova Southeastern University, tartar@nova.eduFollow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facpresentationsPart of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons, and the Psychology CommonsThis Talk is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Psychology at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in College ofPsychology: Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches and Lectures by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, pleasecontact nsuworks@nova.edu.NSUWorks CitationTartar, J. L. (2019). The Nights of Our Lives: Why We Sleep & Dream. Circle of Friends for the Nova Southeastern University AlvinSherman Library.Available at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facpresentations/3808Jaime Tartar, Ph.D.Nova Southeastern UniversityDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience tartar@nova.eduInstagram: SocietyforNeuroSportsThe Nights of Our Lives: Why We Sleep & DreamCircle of Friends2. Do you wake up without an alarm clock, feeling refreshed, not needing caffeine? Two-thirds of adults do not get enough sleep Sleep is not a luxury Sleeping well is one of the absolute best things you can do for your health.1. Did you get enough sleep this past week? Sleep Deprivation vs. Sleep RestrictionWho wants to sleep better?Sleep Stages and Sleep ArchitectureSleep Stages and Sleep ArchitectureSLEEPWAKEPSG wake and sleep recordings during a napping session in the NSU Sleep Lab.Dr. Ana FinsNSU grad student Kayla Thompson Question 1 -Why do we Sleep?Sleep Cleans the Brain:The Glymphatic System The lymphatic drainage pathway removes extracellular proteins, excess fluid, and metabolic waste products.The clearance of these waste products- like Amyloid-β (Aβ)-increases during slow wave sleep. Xie,…Nedergaard, M. (2013). Science, The Glymphatic System and Sleeping PositionA tracer (red) was mixed with CSF and injected into the area surrounding the brain. CSF influx in brain was significantly reduced in prone brain compared with lateral and supine brainAβ clearance was significantly more efficient in the supine than in the lateral and prone positionsLee et al.,  (2015). Journal of Neuroscience.Sleep Helps the Immune System:Sickness, Stress, and Somnogens...and hot off the press (Feb 2019)!The peptide nemuri has been discovered in fruit flies to combat bacteria AND increase sleepiness. Adenosine builds up during the day to promote sleepiness at night. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) promote NREM sleep under stress and inflammatory conditions. Expression of the nemuri gene (green) in neurons in the brain of a fruit fly. Toda et al.,  (Feb. 2019). Science, 363(6426), 509-515.Findings from my LabWe use a combination of physiological and clinical assessments to test theeffects of sleep loss across multiple health and behavioral domains.  Sleep Loss   Health Performance  EmotionSleep Loss Affects Interrelated ProcessesPoor sleep quality is associated with an increased negativity bias and decreased sustained attention* = p < 0.05 **p < 0.01Poor quality is associated with a reduction in target accuracyEmotion Task: Memory for Emotionally Negative Pictures Poor sleep quality is associated with greater sensitivity to negative stimuliNon-Emotion  Attention Task****Gobin, Banks, Fins, Tartar, Journal of Sleep Research, 2015*Christina GobinJonathan Banks, Ph.D.Ana Fins, Ph.D.LPP localizationGetting into the BrainSleep Deprivation and Sleepiness Leads to Emotional InstabilityBaselineAfter SDSleep Deprivation Alfarra, Fins, Chayo, Tartar (2015)  Biological Psychology;Chayo, Fernandez, Sandorr, Tartar (2018) Journal of Circadian RhythmsMorning vs. EveningAfter SD:Not able to differentiate emotional from non-emotional picturesIn the Evening:Less able to differentiate emotional from non-emotional pictures.Ramey AlfarraIsaac ChayoAna Fins, Ph.DIsaac ChayoSamantha SandorMercedes Fernandez, Ph.D.Sleep Deprivation is No Bueno for Biomarkers of HealthSD increases miRNAs associated with Cancer Risk Tartar, Tatin, Gonedes, Assefa, Tartar, In PrepSD changes gene methylation, reduces GSH, and reduces ATP Trivedi, Holger, Bui, Craddock, Tartar, PloS ONE (2017)Xavier TatinAndrew GonedesEzana AssefaAurelien Tartar, Ph.D.Malav Trivedi, Ph.D.Travis Craddock, Ph.D.Combined this Indicates GC resistanceSleep Restriction…Still No BuenoChronic Sleep Restriction increased inflammation Chronic Sleep Restriction increases cortisol in those who go to bed lateAna Fins, Ph.DTartar, J. L., Fins, A. I., Lopez, A., Sierra, L. A., Silverman, S. A., Thomas, S. V., & Craddock, T. J. (2015). Sleep healthCombined this Indicates GC resistanceSleep Restriction…Still No BuenoChronic Sleep Restriction increased inflammation Chronic Sleep Restriction increases cortisol in those who go to bed lateBut…it’s complicated!Sleep: A Gut FeelingGut Microbiome Health Associates with Sleep Efficiency 010020030040050050 60 70 80 90RichnessSleep Efficiency (%)234550 60 70 80 90Shannon Diversity Sleep Efficiency (%)The GreatRob Smith, Ph.D.Joe Lopez, Ph.D.Sleep Loss and Individual Differences• Dopamine is associated with wakefulness• People with higher dopamine (low MAO-A activity) have poorer sleep quality Depressive SymptomatologyAnxietyNight Owl genotypes who have sleep restriction show increased anxiety and depression symptoms. Viena, T. D., Gobin, C. M., Fins, A. I., Craddock, T. J., Tartar, A., & Tartar, J. L. (2016). Journal of circadian rhythms.Aurelien Tartar, Ph.D.Ana Fins, Ph.DTatiana Vienna, Ph.D.Christina Gobin, M/.S.Travis Craddock, Ph.D.Question 2 -Why do we Dream?Daily mild stress results in an increase in depressive symptomatology and an increase in REM sleep. These changes were associated with increased gene expression in a signaling pathway related to cell death. Opens up new possibilities in understanding how stress leads to mood disorders and how changes in sleep may contribute to this.Nollet et al., (Feb 14 2019) PNAS. 201816456. Stress, REM Sleep, and Cell DeathREM Sleep and Muscle Memory!Sleep benefits memory consolidation • SWS is beneficial for declarative memories,• REM sleep appears important for consolidation of non-declarative, procedural and emotional memories.Kayla’s thesis is currently testing the idea that procedural memory is strengthened by REM sleep!Learn Sleep while wearing an EEG band TestWhat Can You Do?1. Stick to a sleep schedule.2. Pay attention to what you eat and drink.3. Create a restful environment.4. Limit daytime naps.5. Manage worries.6. Include physical activity in your daily routine.Sleep efficacy -the belief that one can get a good night’s sleep- was associated with1.perceived competence- or an individual’s sense that he or she could do the things they wanted to do2. locus of control- or sense that they were in control of their own livesSleep Efficacy is CriticalZhang et al., (Jan 2019). The Journals of GerontologyExercise is your brain’s BFF and it helps you sleep better!Oh…and this other stuff, too!• Combats psychological consequences to stress – especially memory.• Decreases the rate at which telomeres shorten – by seven biological years!.• Increases the number of mitochondria and ribosomes in cells • Increases cognitive function and brain plasticity  • Reduces the risk of the primary development of several cancers  • Increased neurogenesis  and expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)• People in their 80s having immune profiles similar to people in their 20s ! Exercise is your brain’s BFF and can help you sleep better.Thanks!

The Nights of Our Lives: Why We Sleep & Dream

https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4817&amp;context=cps_facpresentations

The Nights of Our Lives: Why We Sleep & Dream

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