Copyright begins at “birth”
You can also register.
The holder of copyright controls the ability of others to distribute: reproductions, derivatives, translations, performance
Length of term = until you die + 70 years
Licensing and contracts
Permissions
Publisher contracts
Creative Commons licenses
Gold Open Access/APCs
Predatory journals
 Can I use this {image / quote / video clip / ...} in my {lecture / course materials / dissertation / ...}” ?
Public domain (= no copyright)
Educational use = Not Infringement
Plagiarism vs. infringement
Fair Use (1): Re-using copyrighted materials in your own work--legally
Fair use (2): The 4 Factors
Who owns UNL content?
Who owns UNL courses?
Green Open access
Most commercial publishers allow “self-archiving”
Digital Commons @ University of Nebraska-Lincoln
#6 worldwide; #3 institutional
The university’s most-visited subdomain:
Illustration Credits
Contacts
Questions
Is this online

Gardner, Sue A

Royster, Paul

English

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Library Conference Presentations and Speeches Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln
4-9-2019
Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve,
and Promote Your Research
Paul Royster
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, proyster@unl.edu
Sue A. Gardner
University of Nebraska - Lincoln, sgardner2@unl.edu
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/library_talks
Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, Other Legal Studies Commons, Scholarly
Communication Commons, and the Scholarly Publishing Commons
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska
- Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Conference Presentations and Speeches by an authorized administrator of
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
Royster, Paul and Gardner, Sue A., "Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve, and Promote Your Research" (2019). Library
Conference Presentations and Speeches. 152.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/library_talks/152
Copyright: 
A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve, 
and Promote Your Research
Sue Gardner & Paul Royster
Office of Scholarly Communications
University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries
April 9, 2019
Copyright begins at “birth”
• Not at “conception”
• But when a work assumes “fixed form”
• Conferred automatically
• If there are multiple creators, all are 
equal co-owners.
You can also register.
• Necessary if 
bringing suit for 
infringement
• Cost = $35-$55 
(online)
Rights conferred 
The holder of copyright controls the ability of others to distribute:
reproductions            derivatives             translations             performance
Length of term = until you die + 70 years
So, at least until 2090.
After the global climate meltdown, zombie apocalypse, and invasion from outer space.
Licensing and contracts 
• Copyright is intellectual property, 
and thus can be 
sold, 
leased, 
sub-divided, 
willed, 
given away, 
or otherwise transferred.
• Transfer must be by contract, signed and in writing.
Dog has a license, so is not “infringing.”
Charlee
Permissions
• If you hold copyright, you can give people permission to re-use it. 
Publisher contracts
• Often require you to surrender your copyright.
• Assignments of copyright must be in writing 
and signed by the owner of the copyright. 
• Contracts may run 4-10 pages of small print.
• May leave you some usage rights.
• Are somewhat negotiable UNTIL you sign.
Creative Commons licenses 
• 0 (zero) – no restrictions
• BY – must give credit
• NC – No Commercial
• ND – No Derivatives
• SA – Share Alike
Gold Open Access/APCs
• Gold = immediate CC-BY or CC-0 in OA journal
• Sometimes involve “article processing charges” (APCs): 
$600 to $4500
• Examples: PLOS, Hindawi, MDPI, BMC, Frontiers, 
Nature Comm & Sci Rpts
• vs. Hybrid (i.e. in non-OA journal)
Predatory journals
• Some unscrupulous journals exist only 
to collect APC’s from unwary authors.
• They masquerade as legitimate 
publications.
• Despite their claims, they provide no 
peer review or permanent online 
presence.
• They take your money and your 
copyright; give nothing in return.
"Can I use this {image / quote / video clip / ...} 
in my {lecture / course materials / dissertation / ...}” ?
• Is it copyright?
• Is it licensed?
• Is it permitted educational use?
• Is it fair use? □ Yes
□ No
□ Ignore
Public domain (= no copyright)
• Published pre-1924
• Published 1924-1964 without copyright notice
• Published 1924-1964 and (c) not renewed
• United States government work (federal 
employee or agency author )
Educational use = Not Infringement
Performance or display of a work by instructors or pupils in the course of 
face-to-face teaching activities of a nonprofit educational institution, in a 
classroom or similar place devoted to instruction. (Title 17, Sec. 110)
(TEACH Act of 2002 extends this to distance-learning environments.)
• accredited educational institution
• legally acquired copy
• related to instructional content
• Institution has a copyright policy and educational 
materials
Plagiarism vs. infringement
• Although similar is some respects, 
infringement and plagiarism are 
different things.
• Good advice is “Don’t do either.”
Fair Use (1): 
Re-using copyrighted materials in your own work--legally 
Reproduction for purposes of: 
 criticism, comment, news reporting, 
 teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), 
 scholarship, or research, 
is not an infringement of copyright.
(Title 17, Sec. 107)
So one-to-one sharing for research is generally OK; 
one-to-many sharing (like on a list), not so much.
Fair use (2): The 4 Factors 
1. Nature of work
2. Nature of use
3. Amount of use
4. Effect on market value of original
1.                                          2.                                            3.                                 4.
Who owns UNL content?
1. Individual work author
2. University-supported work
a. without substantial UNL resources author
b. with substantial UNL resources UNL*
3. Institutional work UNL
4. Contractual work contract says
* Author retains permanent free license for noncommercial use and MAY share in proceeds.
Who owns UNL courses?
• Instructional materials are property 
of the faculty member
• Recordings of lectures are property 
of the faculty member
–unless they fall under #2-4 above
• If author departs, must provide copies of 
instructional materials (except lecture 
notes) and free license to use --if UNL 
requests as necessary 
How to College 101
Prof. H. Husker
MWF 9:30-10:15
LLS 322
Green Open access
• Author (or agent) deposits final manuscript 
version in open access repository
• Free!
• Permitted by >80% of journals
http://sherpa.mimas.ac.uk/romeo/index.php
Most commercial publishers allow “self-archiving”
• Elsevier, Wiley, Springer-Nature, Taylor & 
Francis, SAGE Publications, Am Chem Soc., 
etc.
• Not the publisher’s PDF, but an author MS 
version.
• Not to ResearchGate or Academia.edu, but 
to your own institution’s repository.
Digital Commons @ University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• Contents 103,000 items
• Downloads 55 million to date
• Annual downloads 7.7 million (21,000/day)
• Rank in USA (size) #3 (UCal 220,000; UMich 123,000)
• Rank in USA (downloads) #1
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu 
A service of UNL Libraries
#6 institutional (Smithsonian, NASA, CERN); #3 university (UCal, MIT)
http://repositories.webometrics.info/en/top_Inst
The university’s most-visited subdomain:
18% of all web traffic !
Illustration Credits
• Stork & baby: © turkeychik, flickr.com. CC-NC-SA
• Copyright registration form: Wikimedia Commons. CC-SA
• Cow emoji: Twitter, Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY 
• France outline/flag: pixhere.com. CC-0
• Singing cow: Mohmed Althani, flickr.com. CC-BY
• Egyptian sarcophagus: © BrokenSphere, Wikimedia Commons. 
CC-BY-SA
• Drought map 2090: Greg Shirah (NASA/GSFC) and Cheng Zhang 
(USRA). Public domain.
• Zombie skull: OpenClipart-Vectors, Pixabay.com. CC-BY
• Flying saucer: Moonbeam, Ontario, Canada, Wikimedia Commons. 
CC-0
• Dog license, Boston 1860s: Library of Congress. Public domain
• Paw Print: mistman, Wikimedia, CC-BY-SA
• Dog (Charlee): © 2019 Paul Royster. CC-BY
• Mimi & Eunice comic strip:
http://mimiandeunice.com/2011/08/30/permission-2/ CC-BY-SA
• Grant & Lee: Currier & Ives 1865, Wikimedia Commons. Public domain
• CC licenses: progressor from Pixabay.com. CC-BY
• Gold book: Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay.com. CC-BY
• Wolf in Grandmother's bed: Walter Crane, Little Red Riding Hood (1875). 
Public domain
• Federal lands: Bureau of Land Management, 2005. Public domain
• Green blackboard: Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay
• Plagiarism-Copyright Venn diagram: MLauba, Wikipedia. CC-BY-SA
• Law books: © Tony Webster, Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY-SA
• Scales: Pixabay, CC-0
• Diary: Wikimedia; GNU Free Documentation License
• Mortarboard & degree: Videoplasty.com CC-BY-SA
• Pie chart: own work
• Money: CC-0 Public Domain (PublicDomainPictures.net)
• Herbie Husker: Copyright University of Nebraska
• Classroom whiteboard: mohamed hasan, pexels.com
• Exit: pizabay, CC-0
• Quill: OpenClipart-Vectors from Pixabay
• D.I.Y.: www.inkmedia.eu, CC-BY
• Creation of Adam: Michaelangelo, c. 1512. Public domain
Contact:
Paul Royster 
322 Love Library South
tel 402-472-3628
proyster@unl.edu
@PaulRoyster
Sue Gardner
442 Love Library South
tel 402-472-8566
sgardner2@unl.edu
@SueAGardner
Questions ?
•
Is this online? (Yes)
https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.libsci.1156
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/library_talks/152


Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve, and Promote Your Research

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - LincolnDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - LincolnLibrary Conference Presentations and Speeches Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln4-9-2019Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve,and Promote Your ResearchPaul RoysterUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln, proyster@unl.eduSue A. GardnerUniversity of Nebraska - Lincoln, sgardner2@unl.eduFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/library_talksPart of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, Other Legal Studies Commons, ScholarlyCommunication Commons, and the Scholarly Publishing CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska- Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Library Conference Presentations and Speeches by an authorized administrator ofDigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.Royster, Paul and Gardner, Sue A., "Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve, and Promote Your Research" (2019). LibraryConference Presentations and Speeches. 152.http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/library_talks/152Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve, and Promote Your ResearchSue Gardner & Paul RoysterOffice of Scholarly CommunicationsUniversity of Nebraska-Lincoln LibrariesApril 9, 2019Copyright begins at “birth”• Not at “conception”• But when a work assumes “fixed form”• Conferred automatically• If there are multiple creators, all are equal co-owners.You can also register.• Necessary if bringing suit for infringement• Cost = $35-$55 (online)Rights conferred The holder of copyright controls the ability of others to distribute:reproductions            derivatives             translations             performanceLength of term = until you die + 70 yearsSo, at least until 2090.After the global climate meltdown, zombie apocalypse, and invasion from outer space.Licensing and contracts • Copyright is intellectual property, and thus can be sold, leased, sub-divided, willed, given away, or otherwise transferred.• Transfer must be by contract, signed and in writing.Dog has a license, so is not “infringing.”CharleePermissions• If you hold copyright, you can give people permission to re-use it. Publisher contracts• Often require you to surrender your copyright.• Assignments of copyright must be in writing and signed by the owner of the copyright. • Contracts may run 4-10 pages of small print.• May leave you some usage rights.• Are somewhat negotiable UNTIL you sign.Creative Commons licenses • 0 (zero) – no restrictions• BY – must give credit• NC – No Commercial• ND – No Derivatives• SA – Share AlikeGold Open Access/APCs• Gold = immediate CC-BY or CC-0 in OA journal• Sometimes involve “article processing charges” (APCs): $600 to $4500• Examples: PLOS, Hindawi, MDPI, BMC, Frontiers, Nature Comm & Sci Rpts• vs. Hybrid (i.e. in non-OA journal)Predatory journals• Some unscrupulous journals exist only to collect APC’s from unwary authors.• They masquerade as legitimate publications.• Despite their claims, they provide no peer review or permanent online presence.• They take your money and your copyright; give nothing in return."Can I use this {image / quote / video clip / ...} in my {lecture / course materials / dissertation / ...}” ?• Is it copyright?• Is it licensed?• Is it permitted educational use?• Is it fair use? □ Yes□ No□ IgnorePublic domain (= no copyright)• Published pre-1924• Published 1924-1964 without copyright notice• Published 1924-1964 and (c) not renewed• United States government work (federal employee or agency author )Educational use = Not InfringementPerformance or display of a work by instructors or pupils in the course of face-to-face teaching activities of a nonprofit educational institution, in a classroom or similar place devoted to instruction. (Title 17, Sec. 110)(TEACH Act of 2002 extends this to distance-learning environments.)• accredited educational institution• legally acquired copy• related to instructional content• Institution has a copyright policy and educational materialsPlagiarism vs. infringement• Although similar is some respects, infringement and plagiarism are different things.• Good advice is “Don’t do either.”Fair Use (1): Re-using copyrighted materials in your own work--legally Reproduction for purposes of:  criticism, comment, news reporting,  teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use),  scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.(Title 17, Sec. 107)So one-to-one sharing for research is generally OK; one-to-many sharing (like on a list), not so much.Fair use (2): The 4 Factors 1. Nature of work2. Nature of use3. Amount of use4. Effect on market value of original1.                                          2.                                            3.                                 4.Who owns UNL content?1. Individual work author2. University-supported worka. without substantial UNL resources authorb. with substantial UNL resources UNL*3. Institutional work UNL4. Contractual work contract says* Author retains permanent free license for noncommercial use and MAY share in proceeds.Who owns UNL courses?• Instructional materials are property of the faculty member• Recordings of lectures are property of the faculty member–unless they fall under #2-4 above• If author departs, must provide copies of instructional materials (except lecture notes) and free license to use --if UNL requests as necessary How to College 101Prof. H. HuskerMWF 9:30-10:15LLS 322Green Open access• Author (or agent) deposits final manuscript version in open access repository• Free!• Permitted by >80% of journalshttp://sherpa.mimas.ac.uk/romeo/index.phpMost commercial publishers allow “self-archiving”• Elsevier, Wiley, Springer-Nature, Taylor & Francis, SAGE Publications, Am Chem Soc., etc.• Not the publisher’s PDF, but an author MS version.• Not to ResearchGate or Academia.edu, but to your own institution’s repository.Digital Commons @ University of Nebraska-Lincoln• Contents 103,000 items• Downloads 55 million to date• Annual downloads 7.7 million (21,000/day)• Rank in USA (size) #3 (UCal 220,000; UMich 123,000)• Rank in USA (downloads) #1https://digitalcommons.unl.edu A service of UNL Libraries#6 institutional (Smithsonian, NASA, CERN); #3 university (UCal, MIT)http://repositories.webometrics.info/en/top_InstThe university’s most-visited subdomain:18% of all web traffic !Illustration Credits• Stork & baby: © turkeychik, flickr.com. CC-NC-SA• Copyright registration form: Wikimedia Commons. CC-SA• Cow emoji: Twitter, Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY • France outline/flag: pixhere.com. CC-0• Singing cow: Mohmed Althani, flickr.com. CC-BY• Egyptian sarcophagus: © BrokenSphere, Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY-SA• Drought map 2090: Greg Shirah (NASA/GSFC) and Cheng Zhang (USRA). Public domain.• Zombie skull: OpenClipart-Vectors, Pixabay.com. CC-BY• Flying saucer: Moonbeam, Ontario, Canada, Wikimedia Commons. CC-0• Dog license, Boston 1860s: Library of Congress. Public domain• Paw Print: mistman, Wikimedia, CC-BY-SA• Dog (Charlee): © 2019 Paul Royster. CC-BY• Mimi & Eunice comic strip:http://mimiandeunice.com/2011/08/30/permission-2/ CC-BY-SA• Grant & Lee: Currier & Ives 1865, Wikimedia Commons. Public domain• CC licenses: progressor from Pixabay.com. CC-BY• Gold book: Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay.com. CC-BY• Wolf in Grandmother's bed: Walter Crane, Little Red Riding Hood (1875). Public domain• Federal lands: Bureau of Land Management, 2005. Public domain• Green blackboard: Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay• Plagiarism-Copyright Venn diagram: MLauba, Wikipedia. CC-BY-SA• Law books: © Tony Webster, Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY-SA• Scales: Pixabay, CC-0• Diary: Wikimedia; GNU Free Documentation License• Mortarboard & degree: Videoplasty.com CC-BY-SA• Pie chart: own work• Money: CC-0 Public Domain (PublicDomainPictures.net)• Herbie Husker: Copyright University of Nebraska• Classroom whiteboard: mohamed hasan, pexels.com• Exit: pizabay, CC-0• Quill: OpenClipart-Vectors from Pixabay• D.I.Y.: www.inkmedia.eu, CC-BY• Creation of Adam: Michaelangelo, c. 1512. Public domainContact:Paul Royster 322 Love Library Southtel 402-472-3628proyster@unl.edu@PaulRoysterSue Gardner442 Love Library Southtel 402-472-8566sgardner2@unl.edu@SueAGardnerQuestions ?•Is this online? (Yes)https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.libsci.1156http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/library_talks/152

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&amp;context=library_talks

Copyright: A Powerful Tool to Protect, Preserve, and Promote Your Research

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