Millimeter-Wave Spectroscopy of Cold Rb Rydberg Atoms in a Magneto-Optical Trap: Quantum Defects of the \u3ci\u3ens\u3c/i\u3e, \u3ci\u3enp\u3c/i\u3e, and \u3ci\u3end\u3c/i\u3e Series

Abstract

By using a magneto-optical trap we have measured the Rb ns-(n+1)s and nd(j)-(n+1)d(j) two-photon millimeter-wave transitions for 32less than or equal tonless than or equal to37, observing 100-kHz-wide resonances, in spite of the trap\u27s 10 G/cm magnetic-field gradient, in which one might expect to observe resonances 5 MHz wide. This resolution is possible because of the similarity of the g(j) factors in the initial and final states. Under the same conditions, the single-photon ns-np resonances are similar to5 MHz wide. To make useful measurements of these intervals, we turned off the trap field and used the 300-K atoms of the background Rb vapor. Together these measurements improve the accuracy of the s, p, and d quantum defects by an order of magnitude