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Fry, Eileen

Riley, Jenn

English

IUScholarWorks

Tagging and User-Contributed 
Metadata
Eileen Fry and Jenn Riley
DLP Brown Bag Series
October 18, 2006
puff sleeve
anamorphic 
skull
Flute case
torquetum
Cosmati
Pavement
A thousand words –everyday and expert
green 
curtain
beard
moustache
pink
mosaic
POSSIBLE SUBJECT SUBFACETS?
HISTORY                            PORTRAITS
RELIGION                 INTERIOR DESIGN
POLITICAL SCIENCE        ANAMORPHISM   
PHILOSOPHY                        MOSAICS
MATHMATICS                      TEXTILES
GENDER STUDIES            RESTORATION
TARGET  SUBJECT SUBFACETS:
HISTORY OF SCIENCE
MUSIC & MUSIC IONOGRAPHY
COSTUME
THE DEMISE OF THE TAXONOMIC 
APPROACH:
PRE-COORDINATED STRINGS
AUTHORITATIVE LISTS
UNNATURAL LANGUAGE
del.icio.us
CLOUDSBUNDLES
Steve.museum
APPROACHES TO FINDING 
APPROPRIATE TAGS FOR 
IMAGES
•WEB RESOURCES
•SCHOLARLY PUBLICATIONS
•USER COMMUNITY
•EXPERTS


No Costume 
TermsLink to even 
More 
Scientific 
Terms

INTERESTING USE OF 
KEYWORDS, BUT NO 
COSTUME TERMS
Lots of scientific terms, but only 
“fur” for costume or textile, not 
slashing, carpet, brocade, ruffle, 
etc.
Although the Wiki entry 
on Torquetum mentions 
the Ambassadors, the 
entry on the 
Ambassadors doesn’t 
mention the Torquetum
NGA - MERCURY
Excellent LC subject indexing, 
but No Costume Terms
Terms drawn 
from the 
source (a 
costume slide 
set)  
Broad LC 
Costume 
terms only
No Science or 
Music terms
UCSD - ROGER
John North is Professor Emeritus of History of 
Philosophy and the Exact Sciences, University of 
Groningen, the Netherlands and the author of numerous 
books including Stonehenge: A New Interpretation of 
Prehistoric Man and the Cosmos and The Ambassadors' 
Secret. 
LONDON.NATIONAL 
GALLERY. MAKING AND 
MEANING
(It’s rare to have resources like these for a 
single artwork)
(NO COSTUME DIAGRAM THOUGH)
SCIENTIFIC TERMS
Celestial globe, Cylindrical or shepherd’s dial, Quadrant, Small dial, 
Polyhedral sundial, Torquetum, Terrrestrial globe, Arithmetic book, Set-
square, dividers, 
celestial globe, portable sundial, shepherd’s dial, pillar dial universal 
equinoctial dial, horary quadrant, polyhedral sundial , book of 
arithmetic, terrestrial globe 
celestial globe, portable sundial, scientific instruments, book of 
arithmetic, terrestrial globe, astronomy, arithmetic, Trivium, 
Quadrivium, time keeping, cylindrical shepherd’s dial, solar clock, 
latitude, polyhedral sundial, compass, plumbline, gnomon, clocks
Diagram
LNGL web
Making
MUSIC TERMS
Lute, case of flutes
broken lute string, Lutheran hymn book  
Lute, flute case, broken string, tenor part book, Johann Walther’s 
Geistliches Gesangbuchlein
Lute, broken lute string, Lute Case, flutes, leather flute case with lock 
and key, Lutheran Hymnal, Johannes Walther’s Geistlich Gesangbuchli
(Holy Hymn-book)
11-stringed lute, octave stringing, lute case, wooden flutes, lockable 
leather case, Johannes Walther’s Geystliche gesangk Buchleyn, Martin 
Luther, hymns, ‘Kom Heiliger Geyst Herre Gott’, ‘Veni Sancte Spiritus’
Diagram
LNGL web
JSTOR
Making
North


This resource provides 
lots of words, but no 
images - yet…
SCHOLARLY ARTICLES FOUND USING 
GOOGLE SCHOLAR AND JSTOR
The Scientific Instruments in Holbein's Ambassadors: A Re-
Examination
Elly Dekker; Kristen Lippincott
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes > Vol. 62 (1999), pp. 
93-125 
The Case of the Flutes in Holbein's "The Ambassadors"
Hans Holbein; Mary Rasmussen
Early Music > Vol. 23, No. 1, Flute Issue (Feb., 1995), pp. 114-123 
(out of 280 returns) No Comparable 
scholarly article 
on the costume
MODERATE
EASY
HARD
COSTUME TERMS
Puffed sleeves
(none)
(colors) satin, silk, velvet, lynx, damask, robe, skull hat badge, tassle, 
chain, doublet, tunic, slashed sleeves, fur-lined, gown, 
Slashings, satin, shirt, undershirt, blistered effect, knee-length doublet, 
skirt, short-cut jerkin, velvet, lynx fur (lucern), padded shoulders, 
doublet, codpiece, cords, sashes, sword, dagger, medallion, silk, 
garters, bun-toed shoes, fibulas, puffed sleeves, chain, Order of 
St.Michael, double breasted robe, brocaded velvet, sable lining, neck 
cloth, gloves, square cap
Source
LNGL
Making
North
Costume Historian’s 
Terms
sherte (shirt),
doublet, 
sleeveless jerkin, 
bases (pleated skirt), 
fur lined chamarre, 
melon sleeves,
hanging sleeve,
dagger, 
tassel, 
chain-of-office, 
chain-of-order, 
duck billed shoes,
slashing, 
cuttes, 
escaffignons, 
escarpins
(eschapin,escolleter), 
cod piece (groin covering), 
slops (short breeches), 
Panes (strips of decorative fabric
over the short breeches), 
hose, 
garters, 
bonet (hat), 
plume, 
Spanish 
fashion. 
HOW TO GET FROM THIS
TO THIS
sherte (shirt),
doublet, 
sleeveless jerkin, 
bases (pleated skirt), 
fur lined chamarre, 
melon sleeves,
hanging sleeve,
dagger, 
tassel, 
chain-of-office, 
chain-of-order, 
duck billed shoes,
slashing, 
cuttes, 
escaffignons, 
escarpins
(eschapin,escolleter), 
cod piece (groin covering), 
slops (short breeches), 
Panes (strips of decorative fabric over the short breeches), 
hose, 
garters, 
bonet (hat), 
plume, 
Spanish 
fashion. 





Flickr's founder, Stewart Butterfield 


ME
MY 
TAGS
MY GRAD 
STUDENTS 
TAGS
THERE ARE MANY INTERESTING POSSIBILITIES FOR 
FOLKSONOMIC TAGGING , BUT WHAT FACTORS ARE 
MOST NECESSARY TO MAKE FACULTY OR OTHER 
PATRONS WILLING TO DEVOTE THE TIME NECESSARY 
TO CONTRIBUTE EXPERT TAGGING?
• Give them something they want in return?
• Appeal to a constituency?
• Make it really easy and fun?
• Get students involved, possibly for credit?
• Enable tagging as part of discovery and personal
space management



User 
comments, 
but only for 
image owner
Ratings, but 
not tagging




Tag bundles for 
highly personalized 
organization
Tag clouds and 
options for 
viewing:



DOUBLET 
HOOK & EYES/LOOPS
FALLING COLLAR
TASSLED STRING CLOSURE 
SASH 
BLACK VELVET BERET 
CHAIN OF OFFICE 
ELEGANT DISCHEVELMENT
BREECHES:
SLOPS 
VENETIANS
PANTALOONS 
SCOOP NECKLINE 
GYPSY COSTUME
BODICE
PARTLET 
MODESTY PANEL
SAREE or SARI 
SLEEVE CAP
BLOUSE
THE SIMPLEST SOLUTION FOR NOW: POWERPOINT
• A folder of costume-rich images, and “Instant Photo Album”
feature create a basic powerpoint with correctly sized images.
THE SIMPLEST SOLUTION FOR NOW: POWERPOINT
•This is sent to the professor, who now has ready-to-use costume images. 
She uses the Notes field to supply specific costume terminology for each 
particular image



Partial results of a search on “farthingale”
WHY IS IT WORTH IT TO 
SOLICIT THIS EXPERT 
LOCAL TAGGING?
FOR “GYPSY COSTUME” GOOGLE GIVES THE STUDENTS:
WE WANT THEM TO BE ABLE TO USE DIDO AND GET:
WHAT WE NEED IS A COMBINATION OF:
STEVE.MUSEUM- MUSEUM IMAGES AND EASE OF USE
FLICKR- SOPHISTICATED IMAGING AND TAGGING
DEL.ICOU.US- INTEGRATION OF GROUP AND PERSONAL   
TAGS
GOOGLE SCHOLAR- EXPERT WORDS FROM SCHOLARS
WIKIPEDIA- COLLABORATIVE SPIRIT AND SCOPE
CAMIO & DOA- DISCOVERY VIA “BIG BUCKET” TERMS
DIDO- LOCAL INPUT FOR LOCAL RELEVANCY
User participation in metadata 
creation for digital library systems
 Purposes of tags
 Beyond “tags”
 Everything in moderation
 Integrating participatory ideas
Purposes of tags
 Golder & Huberman classification based on 
study of del.icio.us tags
 Identifying what (or who) it is about (overwhelmingly 
most frequent usage)
 Identifying what it is
 Identifying who owns it
 Refining categories
 Identifying qualities or characteristics
 Self reference
 Task organizing
Beyond “tags”
 Identification
 Structured metadata
 Factual information 
(dates, etc.)
 Subjective information 
(subjects, etc.)
 Ratings, reviews, 
commentary, etc.
 Relationships
 Secondary sources
Multiple versions
 Alignment
Everything in moderation
 Use the general idea, not necessarily all the 
details
 Opening up metadata creation to users does 
not necessarily mean a complete loss of 
control
 No single approach will be enough on its own
 Always remember what we’re using this 
metadata for
Integrating participatory ideas
 Who
 What
 Incentive
 Control
Who
 Anybody
 Those who register
 .edu addresses
 IU community
 Specific roles within IU community
 Specific designated authorized users
What
 Any metadata element
 Some metadata elements
 Subjective data
 Factual data
 “Extra” data elements
 Commentary
 Tagging only, separate from cataloger-created 
metadata
Incentive
 Money
 Manage personal resources
 Assistance with needed task
 Recognition
 Contribution to the greater good
 Fun
Control
 Allow all user contributions to appear 
immediately
 No formal editorial mechanisms
 Editors oversee contributions
 Streamlined approval mechanism
 Some elements less control, some more
 User contributions as suggestions to be 
independently verified by metadata experts
Moving forward (1)
 Libraries can’t continue to rely exclusively on in-
house cataloging
 We can achieve our overall goals while allowing 
new mechanisms along the way
 Users are one additional source of metadata we 
must tap
 We must match appropriate metadata needs to 
the tasks users are best equipped to perform
Moving forward (2)
 Each system may make different choices 
regarding where user-contributed 
metadata makes sense
 Good interfaces for metadata collection 
will be key
 We must use the best ideas for user 
participation, and adapt them for the 
library environment
What are we doing at IU?
 Nothing in production yet
 Variations plans
Structured metadata for some fields
Synchronizing scores and audio
 DIDO?
Time for discussion
 fryp@indiana.edu
 jenlrile@indiana.edu
 These presentation slides: 
<http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/presentations/bbfall06/tagging/
userContributedMetadata.ppt>
 Handout: 
<http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/presentations/bbfall06/tagging/
handout.doc>


Tagging and User-Contributed Metadata

https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/2022/16500/2/userContributedMetadata.pdf

Tagging and User-Contributed Metadata

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